Republique francaise
|
|
|
Jhanda
|
Coat of arms
|
|
Des
ke jaankari
|
Des
ke motto:
|
Liberty, Equality, Brotherhood
(
French
: Liberte, Egalite, Fraternite)
|
National anthem:
|
La Marseillaise
|
Log ke baare me
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Official bhasa:
|
French
|
Abaadi:
|
- Total:
|
{{{populationtotal}}}
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Jagha
|
Hian pe des ke dunia ke map me dekhawa jaawe hae.
|
Capital
City
:
|
Paris
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Sab se barraa
City
:
|
Paris
|
Area
|
- Total:
|
674,843 km² (ranked 40)
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Politics / Government
|
Leader:
|
President:
Emmanuel Macron
Prime Minister:
Elisabeth Borne
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Economy / Money
|
Paisa ke naam:
|
Euro
(€)
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International information
|
Time ke zone:
|
+1
Summer: +2
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Telephone ke dialing code:
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33
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Internet domain:
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.fr
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France
(
French
:
France
), jiske official naam
French Republic
(French:
Republique francaise
) hae,
Europe
ke ek
des
hae. Iske
capital
city
Paris
hae. France,
European Union
ke member hae. France ke iske monuments aur structures khatir jaise ki, Louvre, Eiffel Tower, Arc de Triomphe, Giverny, Versailles, aur Notre Dame hae. France ek des hae jiske
regions
aur
departements
me baata gais hae.
France, 17th century se one of the world's biggest powers hae. 18th aur 19th centuries me France, ek barraa colonial empire ke banais jon ki West
Africa
aur Southeast
Asia
me rahaa. France me sab se jaada tourist logan jaae hae aur hian pe har saal 82 million tourists jaawe hae.
[1]
France,
European Union
ke suruu kare waala pahila des me se ek rahaa aur iske land area European Union me sab se jaada hae. France,
United Nations
ke bhi founding member hae aur ii G8 aur
NATO
ke bhi member hae. Ii United Nations Security Council ke paanch permanent members me se ek hae. France, ek nuclear power hae aur iske lake active warheads aur nuclear power plants hae.
France ke kuch baraa city hae: Paris, Lyon, Marseille, Lille, Toulouse, Bordeaux, Nice, Strasbourg, Nantes aur Rennes.
France, Western
Europe
me hae. France ke merr (border)
Belgium
,
Luxembourg
,
Germany
,
Switzerland
,
Italy
,
Monaco
,
Andorra
, aur
Spain
se hae. France me dui
pahaarr
hae jiske naam hae the
Alps
aur
Pyrenees
. France me dher
naddi
hae, jaise ki
Seine
aur
Loire
. France ke north aur west me chota pahaarr aur naddi ke valley hae. France me dher rakam ke
mausam
rahe hae.
Atlantic
north and west ke mausam ke bahut affect kare hae. Iske matlab ii hae ki temperature sab time lg hag ek rakam rahe hae. East me winter bahut thanda rhae hae. Summer me bahut garam rahe aur tuufan bhi aae hae. South me summer me garam aur jhuura rahe hae aur winter me thanda aur bhiija rahe hae.
"France" ke naam
Latin
Francia
se aais hae, jiske matlab hae "land of the
Franks
" nai to "Frankland".
France ke abhi ke border purana Gaul ke border ke rakam hae. Purana Gaul me
Celtic
Gauls
log rahat rahin. Gaul ke 1st century BC me Rome, jiske leader Julius Caesar rahaa, capture kar liis rahaa. Dhire dhire, Eventually, Gauls log Roman bhasa (
Latin
, jisme se
French bhasa
aais hae) aur Roman ke rahan. Christianity 2nd aur 3rd century me France me faila aur fourth aur fifth century me ekdam tagrraa hoe gais.
4th century AD, me Germanic tribes, jisme jaada kar ke Franks rahin Gaul ke invade kar diin aur ii rakam se france ke naam milaa. Abhi ke “France” ke naam
Capetian
France ke Raja logan jon ki Paris ke rahin, se aais hae. Roman Empire ke gire ke baad, Franks logan Europe ke pahila tribe rahin jon ki
Catholic
Christianity banin. French logan apne aap ke “the Most Christian Kingdom of France” bole hae.
Treaty of Verdun (843), Charlemagne ke Empire ke tiin bhaag me baat diis. Isme se sab se baraa Western Francia rahaa jisme se modern France aais hae.
Carolingian
dynasty 987 France me
raj
karis, jab Hugh Capet, France ke Raja banaa. Uske descendants, logan Capetian dynasty, House of Valois aur House of Bourbon, bahut din ke larrai ke baad des ke unite kar diis. 17th century aur Louis XIV of France ke raj me ii log bahut tagatwar rahin. Uu time France me Europe ke sab se jaada abaadi rahaa. Ii des European politics, economy, aur culture ke bahut influence karis.
French
diplomacy ke khaas bhasa banaa. Enlightenment bhi jaada kar ke France me bhaes. 18th century me France ke scientist logan bhi bahut kuch discover karin. France, Americas, Africa aur Asia me dher colony bhi establish karis.
1789 talak, jab French Revolution bhaes, France ek monarchy rahaa. King Louis XVI aur uske aurat, Marie Antoinette, ke 1793 me maardewa gais. 1799 me Napoleon Bonaparte Republic ke take over karis. Baad me uu apne aap ke Emperor of the First Empire (1804?1814) banais. Uske army jaada continental Europe ke conquer kar liis rahaa.
1815 me Battle of Waterloo me Napoleon ke aakhri haar ke baad French monarchy ke fir se suruu karaa gais. Baad me, 1852 me, Louis-Napoleon Bonaparte Second Empire banais. 1870 me Franco-Prussian war ke baand me Louis-Napoleon ke hatae dewa gais aur Third Republic suruu karaa gais.
18th and 19th centuries me France ek barraa colonial empire banais. Ii empire me West
Africa
aur Southeast
Asia
ke bhaag rahaa. Ii sab jagah ke culture and politics France se influence bhaes hae. Dher phile ke ex-colonies abhi French language ke kaam me laawe hae.
France ke (administrative) regions me baata gais hae jisme se 22 Metropolitan France me hae:
1. Alsace
2. Aquitaine
3. Auvergne
4. Basse-Normandie
5. Bourgogne
6. Bretagne
7. Centre (French region)
8. Champagne-Ardenne
9. Corse
10. Franche-Comte
11. Haute-Normandie
|
12. Ile-de-France
13. Languedoc-Roussillon
14. Limousin
15. Lorraine
16. Midi-Pyrenees
17. Nord-Pas-de-Calais
18. Pays de la Loire
19. Picardie
20. Poitou-Charentes
21. Provence-Alpes-Cote d'Azur
22. Rhone-Alpes
|
|
- Corsica ke alag ke status hae aur iske
collectivite territoriale
bola jaae hae.
France ke 4
overseas regions
hae:
France ke 100 departments me baata gais hae. Ii departments ke 342 arrondissements me baata gais hae.
arrondissements
ke fir se 4,032 cantons me baata gais hae. Sab se chhota subdivision commune hae. 1 January 2008, me INSEE 36,781 communes ke gini jisme se 36,569 metropolitan France aur 212 overseas France me hae .
[2]
[3]
This is more than in any other
European country
.
France ke sarkar
semi-presidential system
hae jaise ki French fifth
Republic
ke
Constitution
ke likha hae. Ii des apne ke "an indivisible,
secular
,
democratic
, aur
social
Republic
" bole hae.
France ke
armed forces
ke chaar branches me baata gais hae:
- The
Armee de Terre
(Army)
- The
Marine Nationale
(Navy)
- The
Armee de l'Air
(Air Force)
- The
Gendarmerie Nationale
(Ek military jon ki National Rural Police ke rakam rahe hae)
France me 359,000 military personnel hae.
[4]
[5]
. France, aapan
GDP
ke 2.6% defence pe kharchaa kare hae. Ii
European Union
me sab se jaada hae. France aur
UK
, EU 40% defence
budget
spend kare hae. France's ke defence budget ke 10%
nuclear weapons
me kharchaa karaa jaae hae.
-
-
Storming the Bastille
-
TVG Train
-
La Defense
-
Saint Louis Chapel
-
Tour de France
Wikimedia Commons me
France
ke baare me kuchh media hae.