The
People's Republic of China
(
Chinese bhasa
: Simplified Chinese:
中?人民共和?
, Traditional Chinese:
中華人民共和國
), eastern
Asia
me, ek communist
des
hae. China ke north me
Mongolia
aur
Russia
ke Siberia hae, south me
Vietnam
,
Laos
,
Myanmar
Bhutan
aur
Nepal
aur west me
Khazakistan
hae. Iske east me
South China Sea
hae jiske uu paar
Taiwan
,
Korea
, aur
Japan
hae.
Iske Communist Party of China,
1 October
1949
ke banais rahaa. Iske abaadi dunia ke des me se sab se jaada hae. (1.4 billion log se jaada).
Iske capital
Beijing
hae, lekin
Shanghae
sab se barraa city hae. 1997 me
United Kingdom
,
Hong Kong
ke control aur 1999 me
Portugal
,
Macao
ke control China ke lautae diis. Ii duuno city kuch self-governing hae jab ki central government defense aur foreign affairs ke pachaas saal talak control karii.
Taiwan
ke
Island
ke People's Republic of China claim kare hae lekin uske paas ii island ke control nai hae.
Taiwan
, abhi ek democratic
des
hae jiske officially
Republic of China (Taiwan)
bolaa jaawe hae..
China ke civilization, second millennium B.C.E. se hae jab ki ii ek feudal society rahaa. Iske land area abhi ke China ke rakam dekhe me rahaa, western aur northen konaa ke chorr ke jon ke badalte rahat rahaa. Ispe Mongolian log jaise
Genghis Khan
aur
Kublai Khan
larrai karte rahin. Jab ki china first millennium C.E. aur second millennium C.E. ke suruu me bahut kuch achieve karis, ii 15th century C.E. me ek isolationaist des hoe gais.
Renaissance ke time talak Europe ke des Asia ke des ke colony banae lagis. Jab ki China ke puura koi des nai le paais rahaa, dher
Europe
ke des, jisme
Britain
main des rahaa, China me aapan influence barrhaen. Kahe ki China apne aap ke dunia ke aur des se duur rakhis rahaa, uu technology me pichhe parr gais rahaa aur British log ke roke nai paais. Ii uu time clear bhaes jab 19th century me Opium Wars me
Britain
China ke harrais.
1911
me monarchy ke Sun Yat-sen overthrow kar ke ek Nationalist government suruu karis. Dhire dhire Marxist philosophies faela. 1927 me
Chiang Kai-shek
ke niche Nationalist aur
Mao Zedong
ke niche Communist ke biich me larrai suruu hoe gais. 1930s me jab
Japan
, China ke uppar larrai suruu karis tab Nationalists aur Communists ek hoe ke Japan se larrin. Ii larrai me 10 million se jaada log ke maut hoe gais. World War II ke baad civil war fir se suruu hoe gais
1949 me Communist Red Army jiit gais aur
Chiang Kai-shek
aur uske Nationalists loag
Taiwan
bhaag gain.
Mao Zedong
China ke leader
1976
talak rahaa jab uske maut hoe gais. Ii time me China ke relationship Western World aur Russia se kharaab oe gais. Mao Zedong ke uske Cultural Revolution khatir bhi jaana jae hae jisme dher logke maar dewa gis rahaa. Uske baad
Deng Xiaoping
leader banaa.
1979
me, overabaadi problem ke kaaran, China, one-child policy laabu karis jon ke ketnaa larrkian paida karaa jaae sake hae ke uppar rok lagais.In
August
2008
me China, Summer Olympics ke pahila dafe host karis.
China,
Russia
ke baad, Asia ke duusra sab se barraa des hae agar khaali jamin ke dekhaa jaae lekin agar duuno jamiin aur samundar ke jorra jaae hae ta ii dunia ke duusra sab se barraa des hae. China ke border 14 des se hae.
China me dher rakam ke mausam ke jagah hae. East me, Yellow Sea aur East China Sea ke lage jamiin bahut tagrra hae aur hian pe dher rakam ke kheti karaa jaawe hae. Mongolia ke lage grasslands hae. South China me dher pahaarr hae. South-east china Yellow River aur Yangtze River ke delta hae. China ke aur naddi hae; Xi, Mekong, Brahmaputra aur Amur. West me uuncha pahaarr hae jisme se sab se uunch Himalayas hae. Uuncha plateaus me Taklamakan aur Gobi Desert hae
China ke province ke suchi
badlo
GB/T 2260-2007
[1]
|
ISO
[2]
|
Province
|
Chinese
Hanyu Pinyin
|
Capital
|
Population
(2020)
|
Density
(per km
2
)
|
Area
(km
2
)
|
Abbreviation
[lower-alpha 1]
|
HE
|
CN-HE
|
Hebei
|
Heb?i Sh?ng
|
Shijiazhuang
|
74,610,235
|
393.08
|
189,809
|
冀
Ji
|
SX
|
CN-SX
|
Shanxi
|
Sh?nx? Sh?ng
|
Taiyuan
|
34,915,616
|
222.80
|
156,713
|
晋
Jin
|
LN
|
CN-LN
|
Liaoning
|
Liaoning Sh?ng
|
Shenyang
|
42,591,407
|
289.59
|
147,076
|
?
Liao
|
JL
|
CN-JL
|
Jilin
|
Jilin Sh?ng
|
Changchun
|
24,073,453
|
126.51
|
190,282
|
吉
Ji
|
HL
|
CN-HL
|
Heilongjiang
|
H?ilongji?ng Sh?ng
|
Harbin
|
31,850,088
|
67.37
|
472,766
|
黑
H?i
|
JS
|
CN-JS
|
Jiangsu
|
Ji?ngs? Sh?ng
|
Nanjing
|
84,748,016
|
847.91
|
99,949
|
?
S?
|
ZJ
|
CN-ZJ
|
Zhejiang
|
Zheji?ng Sh?ng
|
Hangzhou
|
64,567,588
|
615.67
|
104,873
|
浙
Zhe
|
AH
|
CN-AH
|
Anhui
|
?nhu? Sh?ng
|
Hefei
|
61,027,171
|
436.29
|
139,879
|
?
W?n
|
FJ
|
CN-FJ
|
Fujian
[lower-alpha 2]
|
Fujian Sh?ng
|
Fuzhou
|
41,540,086
|
335.66
|
123,756
|
?
M?n
|
JX
|
CN-JX
|
Jiangxi
|
Ji?ngx? Sh?ng
|
Nanchang
|
45,188,635
|
270.69
|
166,939
|
?
Gan
|
SD
|
CN-SD
|
Shandong
|
Sh?nd?ng Sh?ng
|
Jinan
|
101,527,453
|
643.78
|
157,704
|
?
L?
|
HA
|
CN-HA
|
Henan
|
Henan Sh?ng
|
Zhengzhou
|
99,365,519
|
600.52
|
165,467
|
豫
Yu
|
HB
|
CN-HB
|
Hubei
|
Hub?i Sh?ng
|
Wuhan
|
57,752,557
|
310.87
|
185,776
|
鄂
E
|
HN
|
CN-HN
|
Hunan
|
Hunan Sh?ng
|
Changsha
|
66,444,864
|
313.65
|
211,842
|
湘
Xi?ng
|
GD
|
CN-GD
|
Guangdong
[lower-alpha 3]
|
Gu?ngd?ng Sh?ng
|
Guangzhou
|
126,012,510
|
700.02
|
180,013
|
?
Yue
|
HI
|
CN-HI
|
Hainan
[lower-alpha 4]
|
H?inan Sh?ng
|
Haikou
|
10,081,232
|
294.27
|
34,259
|
?
Qiong
|
SC
|
CN-SC
|
Sichuan
|
Sichu?n Sh?ng
|
Chengdu
|
83,674,866
|
174.93
|
484,056
|
川(蜀)
Chu?n (Sh?)
|
GZ
|
CN-GZ
|
Guizhou
|
Guizh?u Sh?ng
|
Guiyang
|
38,562,148
|
218.93
|
176,140
|
?(黔)
Gui (Qian)
|
YN
|
CN-YN
|
Yunnan
|
Yunnan Sh?ng
|
Kunming
|
47,209,277
|
123.20
|
383,195
|
云(?)
Yun (Di?n)
|
SN
|
CN-SN
|
Shaanxi
|
Sh?nx? Sh?ng
|
Xi'an
|
39,528,999
|
192.24
|
205,624
|
?(秦)
Sh?n (Qin)
|
GS
|
CN-GS
|
Gansu
|
G?nsu Sh?ng
|
Lanzhou
|
25,019,831
|
54.70
|
457,382
|
甘(?)
G?n (L?ng)
|
QH
|
CN-QH
|
Qinghai
|
Q?ngh?i Sh?ng
|
Xining
|
5,923,957
|
8.58
|
690,355
|
?
Q?ng
|
TW
|
CN-TW
[lower-alpha 5]
|
Taiwan
[lower-alpha 6]
|
台?省
Taiw?n Sh?ng
|
Taipei
|
23,162,123
|
650.97
|
36,161
|
台(臺)
Tai
|
Ethnolinguistic map of China
Han
, mainland China ke sab se barraa ethnic group hae. 2010 me, 91.51% population ke Han classify karaa gais rahaa (~1.2 billion).
[3]
Han Chinese
ke alawaa, 55 aur ethnic (minority) groups hae, jiske number approximately 105 million people (8%) hae, jon ki jaada kar ke are concentrated in the bordering northwest, north, northeast, south and southwest.
Khass
ethnic minorities in China
hae
Zhuang
(19.6 million),
Uyghurs
(11 million),
Hui
(11.4 million),
Miao
(11 million),
Manchu
(10.4 million),
Yi
(9.8 million),
Tujia
(9.6 million),
Tibetans
(7 million),
Mongols
(6.3 million),
Buyei
(3.5 million),
Dong
(3.5 million),
Yao
(3.3 million),
Bai
(2 million),
Koreans
(1.7 million),
Hani
(1.7 million),
Li
(1.6 million),
Kazakhs
(1.5 million), and
Dai
(1.2 million).
[4]
Lagbhag 126,000 people
Canada
, the
United States
, aur
Europe
se, mainland China me rahe hae.
[5]
Iske alaawa, there are a number of
unrecognized ethnic groups
which together comprise over 730,000 people.
China ke Paramount Neta
badlo
China ke paramount neta, Chinese Communist Party aur People's Liberation Army ke control kare hae. Uu Communist Party ke General Secretary aur Chairman of the Central Military Commission bhi rahe hae.
Paramount neta ke suchi
badlo
India(Baratia), China(Basin), Afghanisthan(India), Pakistan(Peckerstan), Mumbai(mudia), Ethiopia(Mongolia), mongolia(Ethiopia), argentina(Argentine), United Arab emirates(Arab emirates)