???????
?????? ???????
?? ????????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? 35 ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? 11 ??? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? 88?94% ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????
??????? ?? ????? ???? ????
???????
??, ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ???, ???????????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???
???????
?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???
??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? 1680 ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? 18??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?? 1825-1928 ?? ??? ?????, ??????????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????????? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ???????? ??, ???? ?????????? ????? ?? ???-??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????
??????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ?? ??????, ???????
????? ???????
??? (
????
?? ???) ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??, ???? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???????????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???
??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????????? ???? ??? ???
??????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???, ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??,
[2]
????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????
???????
???? 1516 ??? ??????, ????? 17??? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??, ????? ????? ????, ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ? ???? ??? ??????? 17??? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????
???????
??
????????????
?? ??? ????? ???? ??, ??
???????
?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? 19??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????,
???????
?? ???????????? ?? ??? ?? ???????????? ?? ??? ?? ??-????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???
??? ????????? ???????
?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??
??? ??????? ?? ?????
[2]
????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???, ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????
[3]
??? ???, ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???????????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???: ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????
[4]
19??? ??????? ?? ????????? ???, ??????????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???, ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? 20??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??, ??? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? 1930 ??? ??????? ????
?????? ????? ??
?? ???? ??? ?? ????
??????????
?? ????? ?????? ???? 1950 ???
???????
?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????, ?? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???
176,214 ????
2
(68,037 ???? ???) ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???????
[5]
?? ??? 142,199 ????
2
(54,903 ???? ???) ????????? ?? ???, ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? (
???????
?? ???) ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? (
?????? ??????
???? ???? ??) ???
[6]
??-????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? (??????) ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????
[6]
??????? ??? ?????? ?? 660 ???? (410 ???) ???? ????
[6]
??? ??? ??? ???-?????? ??? ???? ??? ??, ?????? ??? ??? ????, ?? ??????? ????? ???: ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?????,
??????? ???
,
????? ?????
?? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???
??? ??????
('???? ???') ??? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ??, ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? 514 ???? (1,686 ???) ?? ???? ??? ???????????? ???
??????? ???
(?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??) ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????????? ?????? ???: ????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ????, ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ???
????????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????, ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????????????? ??-???? ???
[7]
????? ????? ???? ???? ??, ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????
[7]
- ??????? ?? ??????? ?????
-
??????? ?? ?? ?????? ???
-
??????????? ????? ??? ???? ??????
-
??????????? ?? ????? ????
-
???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????
-
???? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????
-
??????? ???
, ??? ?? ????? ???,
???????
?? ??? ???? ????? ???
???????
?????????? ????????
??
????????? ???????
?? ??? ?? ???????????
???????
??, ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????????, ?????? ?? ??????????? ???
[8]
?????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????????? ?? ???????????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???? 13 ??????? ?? ??? ???????????, ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ???, ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????, ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????, 99 ????? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ?? 31 ????? ?? ????? ???
[8]
???????????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??????????? ???? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ?? ??????????? ?? 10 ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ???
[8]
?????? ?? ????? ???????, ?????, ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????????? ?? ???? ??????????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???
???????
?????? ????
?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??? 27??? ????? ?? ???,
[9]
???? ??? ?? ???????????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???? 8 ??? ????? ??? ???
?????????? ?????????
?? ??????, ??????? ??
?????????? ??? ????
??? ??? 180 ?? 25??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???
[10]
??????? ?? 19 ??????? (??????) ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???????, ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???? ???
????? (??????)
|
???????
|
?????????
|
???????? (2011 ??????)
[11]
|
????
2
|
???? ???
|
Artigas
|
Artigas
|
11,928
|
4,605
|
73,378
|
Canelones
|
Canelones
|
4,536
|
1,751
|
520,187
|
Cerro Largo
|
Melo
|
13,648
|
5,270
|
84,698
|
Colonia
|
Colonia del Sacramento
|
6,106
|
2,358
|
123,203
|
Durazno
|
Durazno
|
11,643
|
4,495
|
57,088
|
Flores
|
Trinidad
|
5,144
|
1,986
|
25,050
|
Florida
|
Florida
|
10,417
|
4,022
|
67,048
|
Lavalleja
|
Minas
|
10,016
|
3,867
|
58,815
|
Maldonado
|
Maldonado
|
4,793
|
1,851
|
164,300
|
Montevideo
|
Montevideo
|
530
|
200
|
1,319,108
|
Paysandu
|
Paysandu
|
13,922
|
5,375
|
113,124
|
Rio Negro
|
Fray Bentos
|
9,282
|
3,584
|
54,765
|
Rivera
|
Rivera
|
9,370
|
3,620
|
103,493
|
Rocha
|
Rocha
|
10,551
|
4,074
|
68,088
|
Salto
|
Salto
|
14,163
|
5,468
|
124,878
|
San Jose
|
San Jose de Mayo
|
4,992
|
1,927
|
108,309
|
Soriano
|
Mercedes
|
9,008
|
3,478
|
82,595
|
Tacuarembo
|
Tacuarembo
|
15,438
|
5,961
|
90,053
|
Treinta y Tres
|
Treinta y Tres
|
9,529
|
3,679
|
48,134
|
???
[note 1]
|
?
|
175,016
|
67,574
|
3,286,314
|
??????? ??? ???? ??
??? ????? ??????
??? 9.3% ?? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?? 13% ??? ???? ???? ??? ???
[6]
????? ????? ???? ????? ??; ??????, ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? 2006 ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ???????, ???????
???????
(9???), ????? ?? (12???), ????? ?? ???? (14???),
????????
(14???), ??
???????
(??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??) (17???) ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??????-???????? (39,120 ?? 25,500) ?? ???? ???; ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ?? ?? 65% ?? ??? ????? ????? ???, ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? 12%,
?????
11%, ??? 2% ??
???????
2% ?? ??? ???
[12]
?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??, ?? 2006 ??? 1 ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???
[12]
?????? ?? ??????? ???, ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ???, ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???
[13]
?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??, ????????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ???,
???????????
?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????
????? ???????????? ???, ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????????????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????, ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??????, ??
????? ???????
?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???
[14]
????
?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??, ?????? ??? ?? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? 2009 ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ????
[15]
?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? 50,000 ??????? ?????
[16]
??????? ?? ?? ??? "??????? ?? ????????????" ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??, ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? 20 ?????? ???, ????? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ????????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ?
??? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????, ????????? ???? ?????, ?? ?? ?????, ????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??, ?? ???? ????? ????
??????? ?? ???????, ??? ?? ?????, ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ????
?????
?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????
[17]
??? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????????? ??, ?? 1917 ??? ???????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???
[17]
??? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ???????????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??, ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??????????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ??, ????? 20??? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????, ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???
[17]
??????? ?? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???? (1871-1917) ????? ???
[17]
????????? 1910 ???
?????
???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????
[17]
???????? ???????????? ??????? (1875-1910) ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??, ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????
[17]
???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????????? ???????? ????
?? ????? ????
??
? ????????
?? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???
??????? ???
??????
???? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????????????? ??? ????? 1902 ??? ??????????? ???
???????
??
??????????
?? ??? ???? ??? ???
[18]
??????? ?? 1924 ????? ?????? ????? ???
[19]
?? ??? 1928 ??? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???
[20]
???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ???
- ↑
"2014 Human Development Report Summary"
(PDF)
. ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????. 2014. ???? 21?25. ??? ?? 29 ????? 2016 ??
?????????
(PDF)
. ?????? ???? 27 ????? 2014
.
- ↑
?
?
Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs.
"Background Note: Uruguay"
. US Department of State. ??? ?? 24 ?????? 2011 ??
?????????
. ?????? ????
23 February
2011
.
- ↑
"THE STRUGGLE FOR INDEPENDENCE, 1811?30 ? Uruguay"
. Library of Congress Country Studies. ??? ?? 30 ?????? 2011 ??
?????????
. ?????? ????
23 February
2011
.
- ↑
"Google homenajea a Uruguay"
.
El Observador
(??????? ???). 25 August 2012.
???
?? 23 ????? 2018 ?? ?????????
. ?????? ????
23 August
2018
.
- ↑
"Uruguay in Numbers"
(PDF)
(??????? ???). National Institute of Statistics.
???
(PDF)
?? 13 November 2013 ?? ?????????.
- ↑
?
?
?
?
Central Intelligence Agency (2016).
"Uruguay"
.
The World Factbook
. Langley, Virginia: Central Intelligence Agency. ??? ?? 26 ?????? 2018 ??
?????????
. ?????? ????
1 January
2017
.
- ↑
?
?
"Climate ? Uruguay"
. Library of Congress Country Studies. ??? ?? 30 ?????? 2011 ??
?????????
. ?????? ????
23 February
2011
.
- ↑
?
?
?
"Business Guide"
(PDF)
. Uruguay XXI.
???
(PDF)
?? 1 May 2011 ?? ?????????
. ?????? ????
25 February
2011
.
- ↑
"The Economist Intelligence Unit's Index of Democracy 2012"
.
???
(PDF)
?? 3 January 2015 ?? ?????????
. ?????? ????
20 June
2014
.
- ↑
"The democratic routine"
.
The Economist
. 2 December 2010. ??? ?? 27 ????? 2011 ??
?????????
. ?????? ????
23 February
2011
.
- ↑
"Censos 2011 ? Instituto Nacional de Estadistica"
. Instituto Nacional de Estadistica.
???
?? 12 January 2012 ?? ?????????
. ?????? ????
13 January
2012
.
- ↑
?
?
"Uruguay has 3.8 cattle per capita, highest in the world"
. MercoPress. 30 July 2007. ??? ?? 24 ?????? 2010 ??
?????????
. ?????? ????
24 February
2011
.
- ↑
Singer, Paola (6 November 2008).
"Jose Ignacio, an Uruguayan Resort Town That's Chic, but So Far Not Famous"
. ??? ?? 19 ????? 2018 ??
?????????
. ?????? ???? 30 ????? 2018
– ???? NYTimes.com.
- ↑
Narayan, Ammachchi.
"Nearshore Americas Publishes Exclusive Report on Uruguay's Outsourcing Strengths"
.
Nearshore Americas
.
???
?? 30 ????? 2018 ?? ?????????
. ?????? ????
March 23,
2016
.
- ↑
"Uruguayan software industry stands out in the first International Fair on Trade in Services in Beijing, China"
.
???
?? 30 ????? 2018 ?? ?????????
. ?????? ???? 30 ????? 2018
.
- ↑
Narayan, Ammachchi.
"software and Mobile Services Propel Uruguay to Over $600 Million in Exports"
.
Nearshore Americas
.
???
?? 30 ????? 2018 ?? ?????????
. ?????? ????
February 27,
2013
.
- ↑
?
?
?
?
?
?
"Uruguay"
.
Encyclopædia Britannica
. 2008. ??? ?? 12 ??? 2008 ??
?????????
. ?????? ????
2 September
2008
.
- ↑
Pelayes, Hector Dario (24 September 2010).
"ARGENTINA-URUGUAY Matches 1902?2009"
. RSSSF. ??? ?? 24 ?????? 2015 ??
?????????
. ?????? ????
27 April
2011
.
- ↑
"Paris, 1924"
. FIFA.
???
?? 15 June 2010 ?? ?????????
. ?????? ????
27 April
2011
.
- ↑
"Amsterdam, 1928"
. FIFA.
???
?? 15 June 2010 ?? ?????????
. ?????? ????
27 April
2011
.
|
---|
| |
*
?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???.
|
??????? ??????: "note" ???? ???????-???? ?? ???
<ref>
??? ????? ???, ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???
<references group="note"/>
??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???????
</ref>
??? ???? ???