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????	excrement , ???? ????? , ????? ???? , ???? ??????? ??????
????????	????? ????
????? ?	Dictionnaire Infernal
?????
FMA	12274
??? MeSH	A12.207.927
???? MeSH	D014556
????? ???? ??????? ???????	C2963137

????? "????" ???? ????. ?? ?????? ??????? ????, ??? ???? (?????????) .

??? (?? ?? ?????? ^[1]; ? ???? : ???? ) ??? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ??? ? ????? ? ???? ?? ???? ???? . ???? ???? ? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???. ????? ?? ????? ????? , ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ? ????? . ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????, ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ? ??????????? ?? ????? ????. ? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? .

??? ????? ? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????. ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????. ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? (?????), ????? ??? , ????????? ? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????. ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? .

??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ? ?????? ?????. ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????.

???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? (?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????) ^[2]^[3]. ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? "????" ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ????. ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????, ??? ???? ???? ?????? ? ???????? ????. ?????? ????? "?????????" (BACTERURIA). ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????, ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????????????? ????? ??? ??????? ? ?????? , ???? ???????????????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????. ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????. ?? ???, ???? ????, ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? (??? ????? ????? ?- pH ?????), ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ???, ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ????.

????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????, ??????? ? ???? . ??????, ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ? ????? ?? ???? ??????. ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ^[^{???? ????
]} (?????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ). ??? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???. ?? ???, ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ^[4].

???????

????? ?????? ??? (???????????) - ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????.
????? (Urea, ?? ???? ????? Carbamide), ???????? ??????? ?? ????, ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? . ?- 1828 , ??? ????? ? ?????? ???????? ??????? ? ?????? ? ?????? ??-???????? (? ????? ??????? ? ??????? ?????? ), ?? ??? ?????? ? ????? ??????? ??? , ???? ??? ?? ??????? ? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? . ????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????.

???? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????:

Ureaphil: ???? ????? ???????.
Urofollitropin: ????? ??? ? ?????? ?????? .
Ureacin: ??? ?????? ?????? ???. ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????, ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???.
Amino-cerv: ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ? ????? ???? .
Premarin: ????? ??? ????? ? ??????? .
Panafil: ???? ?????? / ????? ?????? ????, ?????? ?????? ???????
????? Murine ? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? .

???????? ???? ^{[????? ?????]} ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????.

? ??? ?-15 ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????, ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????, ????????? ??? ?????? ?????????????. ???????? ?????? uroscopy ?? uromancy.

???????? (460-377 ????"?) ??? ?-uroscopist ??????.

????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????, ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???.

????-???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ???? ????,

??? ?? ????-???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????.

?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????, ??? ???? ???? ? ???? ????? ?? ????? ? ???? ?? ????? .

? ????? , ??? ????? ?? ??????, ? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???. ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????, ????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????. ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???????, ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ? ??????? , ????? ???? ????. ????? ????, ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ? ??? .

? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? . ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? .

? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????.

??? ??

??????? ????????

???? ??, ????? ??????: ??? ?? ?????? ??? , ???? ynet , 4 ????? 2005 ??? ynet
??? , ???? ??????????? ???????? (???????)
??? , ?? ??? ? ?????? ???????

????? ??????

^ ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ???"?, ?????? ??? ????? : "????? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? [???: ????????] ???????????? ??? ?????? [???: ?????? ??????????] ????????" ??? ????? ?' , ??? ?"? , ???? ?"?
^ Michael I Kogan, Yulia L Naboka, Khalid S Ibishev, Irina A Gudima, Kurt G Naber, Human urine is not sterile - shift of paradigm , Urologia internationalis 94, 2015, ??' 445?452 doi : 10.1159/000369631
^ Is Urine Sterile? What the Research Says , Healthline, ‏2021-01-08 (???????)
^ https://www.maccabi4u.co.il/24609-he/maccabi.aspx

[1] ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ???"?, ?????? ??? ????? : "????? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? [???: ????????] ???????????? ??? ?????? [???: ?????? ??????????] ????????" ??? ????? ?' , ??? ?"? , ???? ?"?

[2] Michael I Kogan, Yulia L Naboka, Khalid S Ibishev, Irina A Gudima, Kurt G Naber, Human urine is not sterile - shift of paradigm , Urologia internationalis 94, 2015, ??' 445?452 doi : 10.1159/000369631

[3] Is Urine Sterile? What the Research Says , Healthline, ‏2021-01-08 (???????)

[4] ttps://www.maccabi4u.co.il/24609-he/maccabi.aspx

[1]

[2]

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