???????? ??????

???????? ?????? (? ?????? : Boforsaffaren ; ? ?????? : ??????? ?????? ) ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?-80 ?? ???? ?-20 . ????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? , ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????????.

???? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?- 24 ???? 1986 , ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? 410 ????? ?????? FH77 ? ??? ???? . ???? ????? ??? 285 ?????? ????. ^[1] ?- 16 ?????? 1987 , ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????. ^[2] ?? ?????, ?? ????, ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????'? ??? ??? ????? ? ??? ????? ???? ??'?? ???? . ^[3] ?????? ?? ??????? ?????, ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???, ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????. ^[4]

?-20 ?????? 1987 ????? ??? ????? ???? ??'?? ???? ?? ?????? ? ??? ???? , ???? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??????, ????? ??? ????, ??? ???? ???? ????????. ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? 1987 ???? ?? 30 ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????. ?????? ????? ??"? ?-1988 ???? ?? ?????? ???????. ^[5]

????????? ?????? ?'???? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???, ????? ??? 350 ?????? ??????? ?? ?????, ???? ????? ?????? " ?????? ". ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????. ?????? ??, ?????????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????: The Indian Express , ?-The Statesman. ????????? ?????? ?? ????, ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ???? ???? ?-1989 . ^[6] ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????, ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ?????. ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????. ???????? 1999 ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????. ?-2002 ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???????? ?????, ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????. ????? ????? ???? ???? ????, ??- 5 ??????? 2004 ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????????.

????? ?????????, ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?-1999, ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? . ^[7] ?????? ??, ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????.

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ "25 years of India's 'Watergate': The Bofors scandal".
^ "Interview with Chitra Subramaniam and Madhu Trehan"
^ "What the Bofors scandal is all about"
^ Past still haunts defence ministry
^ Farzana Shakoor, “Indian Elections 1989: An Analysis”, Pakistan Horizon vol. 43, no. 1, 1990, ??' 25?43‏, JSTOR 41394505
^ "Arms and the middleman"
^ "Bofors gun helped India win against Pak

[1] "25 years of India's 'Watergate': The Bofors scandal".

[2] "Interview with Chitra Subramaniam and Madhu Trehan"

[3] "What the Bofors scandal is all about"

[4] Past still haunts defence ministry

[פרז-5] Farzana Shakoor, “Indian Elections 1989: An Analysis”, Pakistan Horizon vol. 43, no. 1, 1990, ??' 25?43‏, JSTOR 41394505

[6] "Arms and the middleman"

[7] "Bofors gun helped India win against Pak

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]