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Федеральная служба безопасности
סמל שירות הביטחון הפדרלי הרוסי
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לוביאנקה, מטה שירות הביטחון הפדרלי הרוסי
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לעריכה בוויקינתונים שמשמש מקור לחלק מהמידע בתבנית

????? ??????? ?????? (? ????? : Федеральная служба безопасности , ?? ???? ????? : ФСБ ? ??-??-?? , ?.?.?. ?? ??"? ) ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ? ????? ???????? ?????? . ?????? ???? ? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????, ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????.

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  • ????? ?????: ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? [1] [2] .
  • ????? ???? ?????: ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??????, ????? ?????? ??????? (????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ???????? ) [3] [4] [5] [6] .
  • ????? ??????: ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????????, ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????.

??????, ????? ?- 3 ?????? 1995 , ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ? ?.?.?. ???? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? . ???? ????? ???? ? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? . ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?- FBI , ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? , ? ??????? ??????? ????? (NSA). ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????, ??????? ?????? ?????, ??????, ??????? ? ???? . ?? ??? 2011 , ?????? ??? ?? ????? ? ??? ??????? , ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? . ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? (??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????). ???? 2006 ???? ??????? ??? ?-40%.

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??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ? ????? ?????? ? ???? ?-18 ??? ? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? 1826 .

?- 1917 ????? ? ?'?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ????????? . ???? 1922 ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?.?.??. ?????? ???? ? ??.?.?.??. ???? ?- 1934 ? ?.?.?.?. ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?????, ???? ?????? ??????, ????? ????? , ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????. ?- 1954 ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ? ?.?.?. .

?????? ????? ???? ?? ??.?.?. , ??? ?????? ????, ??????? ???????? ????. ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? (1954-1956), ???? ???????? (1956-1964), ????? ??????? (1964-1967), ?????? ?????? (1967-1970), ??????? ????????? (1970-1983), ?????? ?????? (1983-1989), ?????? ?????? (1989-1991), ????? ????? (1991) ? ?????? ????????? (1991).

????? ??? ???? ?-80 ?? ???? ?-20 , ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????, ??? ???"? ??? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ? ???????? ?? ????????? . ??????? ? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? 1991 ??? ?????? ?????'?? , ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ???"? ??????, ????? ?????'?? ???? ?? ??????, ???????? 1991 ??? ????.

?- 26 ??????? 1991 ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? , ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????, ??? ?????? ???? ? ??"? , ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ?- 24 ?????? 1992 . ?? ???, ?????? ???"? ????????, ??? ???? ??????? ????-????????? ????? ?- 22 ???????? 1991 ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????????. ?-24 ?????? 1992 ?? 21 ?????? 1993 ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????.

????? ??????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????

?????? 1993 ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????, ???? ?- 3 ????? 1995 ?????? ??????? ??????. ???? 1997 ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????: ???? ???????? ????? ?-22 ???? ????, ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????. ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? .

???? 2003 , ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? , ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ? ??????? ????? , ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? , ??????. ????? 2004 ??? ???? ????? ?????, ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????, ????? ???? ??? ???"? ????? ?-12 ?????? ????. ???? 2007 ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? [7] [8] .

???? 2010 ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? [9] ?????? 2014 ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???"?. ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ???????, ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????. ??? ??, ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ? ???????? ????? . ????? 2019 ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????. ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????, ????? ?????? ????? ? ???? ??? . ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ? ????? ????? . ??? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????, ??? ???? ???? ?????? "K" ????? ????? ????. ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??-45 ???? ????? ?? ??????, ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????.

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??? 2014, ?-FSB ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ????????. [10] ?? ?? ?? ??? ?- SVR ??- GRU ?? ????? (????? ???? ???? ???????? ????) ??? ???????, ?-FSB ??? ????? ???? ?"????? ??????? ??????". [11]

??? ?-FSB ????????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? . [12]

?????? ?????? ?? ?-FSB, ?????? ?? "?????? ????? ?????" ?"????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????????", ????? ?? ??? ?-BBC ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????, ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?-KGB. ????? ?????. ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????. [13] [11] [14] ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????????, ?????? ??????? ?????? , ???? ??????'?? ? ??????? ????????? . [12] [15] ??? ???? ??????, ????????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????????. [12]

??? ??"? ?? Royal United Services Institute ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? , ???? ?-FSB ????????? ????? ???? ????? 2021, ??? ?????? 2022 ??? ?? "?-200 ??????" ?? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?10?20 ????. [16] ???? ?????? ?-2022, ???????? ??????? ?????????, ??????, ??????? ????"? ?????? ?? ?-FSB ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ??????. [17] [18]

???? ????? ??????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

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?????? ????????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ????? ?-11 ????? 2004 ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? , ??????? ????? . ????? ????? ???? ????? ?"??????" ??????? ?"???????" ??"??????".

  • ????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??"?, ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? (Служба контрразведки ФСБ), ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????. ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? [19] [20] [21] .
  • ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??"? (Департамент военной контрразведки, ДВКР ФСБ) ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? 3, ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????. ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??"?, ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? . ??? ?????, ?????? ????? ? ??????? ????? ????? . ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???-??-?? [22] .
  • ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? (СЗКСиБТ, Служба по защите конституционного строя и борьбе с терроризмом ФСБ) ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ???? ????? 5 ? ??"? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????. ?????? ???? ?- 1992 ??? ?????? ?????? ?????. ?????? ???? ?-90 ?? ???? ?-20 ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???????. ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????, ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????. ?- 1997 ????? ?? ???? ?????, ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????, ??????? ?????? ?????. ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? - ????, ????? ???? , ????? ????? ?????? K
  • ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ( ????? : Центр специального назначения ФСБ) ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????. ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????, ???? ?????? [23] .
  • ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??"? (??????: Служба экономической безопасности ФСБ) ???? ?? 2004 ??? "?????? ??????? ?????". ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? 6 ? ??"? ??????? ???? ?????. ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????, ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? [24] .
  • ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???"? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????. ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????, ?- 2003 ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???"?. ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? .
  • ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? (Служба оперативной информации и международных связей) ??? ??? ?? ??"? ??? ??????? ??????? ?- 2004 ???? ??? "?????? ??????, ????? ?????? ???????" (Департамент анализа, прогноза и стратегического планирования ,ДАПСП ФСБ). ?????? ???? ?- 17 ???? 1991 ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ? ??"? . ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????????. ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???"? ?-1989 ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? (????? ?????). ???? ????? ????? ???"? ?? ?????? ?????, ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????, ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ?? ??- 1967 ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??"? ???"? (???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????), ?? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? 10 ????? ????. ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? , ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? [25] [26] [27] [28] . ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????.
  • ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? (Контрольная служба ФСБ) ???? ?- 6 ?????? 1999 ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????. ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? [29] [30] .
  • ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??"? (Управление собственной безопасности ФСБ) ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??"? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ?????? ????? ?- 1992 ?????? ? ?????? ???? , ????? ?????? ???? ???"? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????. ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? "????" ??????? ????? ??"? ????? ?????? ??"? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? , ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??.??.??. ??????? ????? ?????. ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?'?'???, ??????? ?????? [31] [32] .
  • ?????? ?????-???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? (Управление оперативно-технических мероприятий ,УОТМ ФСБ) ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ? ?????? ??? . ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ???"? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????, ????? ????? ?????? ???? ? ????? ?????? ?????. ??? ???????? ??: ????? ?????? ?????? , ??"? , ??"? ? ??.??.?? [33] .
  • ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ? ????? . ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? . ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ? ?????? ?- 9 ??????? 1999 ????? ???? 92 ???. ?????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ? ????????? , ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ?'?'??? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????, ?????? ?- 6 ??????? 2004 ?????? ???? 43 ??? [34] .
  • ????? ??????? ???? (Центр информационной безопасности ФСБ), ????? ????? ??????? ?????? (Центр безопасности связи ФСБ) ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????"? (Главного управления безопасности связи ФАПСИ) ?????? ? ?????? ???? ? ????? , ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????????. ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??"? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????"? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? [35] .
  • ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? (Национальный координационный центр по компьютерным инцидентам) ????? ???? ?? ??? ? ??????? ? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? [36] .
  • ???? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??"? (Центр специальной техники ФСБ) ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????. ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????, ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ??"? ?????. ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ???"? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????. ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??"? (Институт криминалистики ФСБ) ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????. ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??"? , ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????. ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?- FBI , ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ????? [37] [38] [39] .
  • ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? (? ????? : Управление регистрации и архивных фондов ,УРАФ ФСБ России) ???? ?- 1 ??????? 1918 ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ? ???? ??????? . ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????, ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????, ?? ???"? ??? ????? ???? ???????.
  • ??????? ?????? ?? ??"? (Центральный архив ФСБ) - ???? ???? 1922 ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??-??-??-?? . ??? ? ??"? ???? ??????? ?????? 10, ?- 1992 ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????. ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??????, ????? ????? ?? ???? ???"? ????? ???????? [40] [41] [42] [43] .
  • ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ( ????? : Академия Федеральной службы безопасности России) ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??"? . ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????, ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ? ??"? . ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?- 24 ??????? 1992 ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???"? ?"? ????'????? (Высшей школы КГБ им. Дзержинский, Феликс Эдмундович). ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????, ?????? ????? (Институт криптографии, связи и информатики) ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????, ?????, ????? ? ??????? ????? .
  • ?????? ???????? (Общественный Совет при ФСБ) ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ???? 2007 ??? ????? 15 ?????, ???? ? ????? ???????? ?? ????? . ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ??"? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? [44] .

???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? .

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עמוד ראשי
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?????? ??????? 1995 ? 1996 ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????
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????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

  1. ^ ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????
  2. ^ ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????
  3. ^ ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ????????? ??????
  4. ^ ???????? ??????? , ????? ??????? ?????: ???? ????? ?? ????? 26 ??? ??? ???? ?"? ????? , ???? ???? , 28 ??????? 2009
  5. ^ ???????? ??????? , ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????: ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???"?, ???????, ?????? ??????? ?????? , ???? TheMarker ‏, 12 ???? 2005
  6. ^ ?????? , ?????: ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? , ???? ynet , 2 ????? 2010
  7. ^ ???????: ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????
  8. ^ ????? ??????????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????
  9. ^ AP , ?????: ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? , ???? ynet , 29 ????? 2010
  10. ^ Ball, Tom ( 9 ???? 2022 ). "Putin infuriated by Russian intelligence failures in Ukraine war" . The Times . ???? ?- 13 ???? 2022 . Since 2014, the agency had spent a lot of time and resources on attempts to foment unrest in western Ukraine among far-right groups, which ultimately came to nothing, Soldatov said. Their assessments of popular support among Ukrainians for a Russian invasion and the extent to which the country would resist were also 'terribly miscalculated'. {{ cite news }} : ( ???? )
  11. ^ 1 2 "US reveals claims of Russian 'kill list' if Moscow occupies Ukraine" . BBC . 21 ??????? 2022 . ???? ?- 19 ???? 2022 . Back in 1992 Russia's Foreign Intelligence Service, the SVR, signed a deal with Ukraine and neighbouring states not to spy on them. That left the way open for the FSB which grew in power, particularly after its head in the late 1990s, Vladimir Putin, became Russia's leader. The SVR and military intelligence, the GRU, both still operate in Ukraine but the FSB leads on intelligence and influence operations. {{ cite news }} : ( ???? )
  12. ^ 1 2 3 "A look at the trio who convinced Putin to invade" . Yahoo News . 9 ?????? 2023 . {{ cite news }} : ( ???? )
  13. ^ "Russian Officials Predicted A Quick Triumph In Ukraine. Did Bad Intelligence Skew Kremlin Decision-Making?" . Radio Free Europe . 11 ???? 2022 . ???? ?- 13 ???? 2022 . The FSB unit that conducts foreign political analysis -- the Ninth Directorate of the Fifth Service ? commissioned public opinion polls in Ukraine earlier in February, weeks before the war...The surveys suggest that Ukrainians' main concerns prior to the war were mundane things: food prices, energy prices, corruption. {{ cite web }} : ( ???? )
  14. ^ "Ukraine Through Russia's Eyes" . Royal United Services Institute . 25 ??????? 2022 . ???? ?- 12 ???? 2022 . The KGB’s Fifth Service had been responsible for counterintelligence in the territories of the former Soviet Union. When the KGB became the FSB in the 1990s, and these territories became independent states, the Fifth Service transitioned into an intelligence agency targeting Russia's neighbours. Its Department for Operational Information is responsible for compiling data on Russia's 'near abroad' {{ cite web }} : ( ???? )
  15. ^ "How Putin blundered into Ukraine ? then doubled down" . Financial Times . 23 ??????? 2023 . {{ cite news }} : ( ???? )
  16. ^ "The Plot to Destroy Ukraine" (PDF) . Royal United Services Institute . 15 ??????? 2022 . ???? ?- 19 ???? 2022 . The most concerning development to Ukraine is the expansion of FSB resources targeting Ukraine. Within the FSB's Fifth Service, run by Colonel General Sergei Beseda, the Department for Operational Information has teams dedicated to most of the 'territories' of the former Soviet Union. Most teams comprise 10?20 personnel. In July 2021, however, the Ukraine team of the FSB Fifth Service was expanded to form the 9th Directorate comprising around 200 officers. {{ cite web }} : ( ???? )
  17. ^ Sabbagh, Dan ( 13 ??????? 2022 ). "Russia's FSB agency tasked with engineering coups in Ukrainian cities, UK believes" . The Guardian . ???? ?- 19 ???? 2022 . Beseda was wanted by Ukraine for questioning in the aftermath of the anti-Russian Maidan revolution in February 2014, believing he was part of a failed attempt to take control of violent efforts to suppress the popular protests. Moscow said he was present to help ensure the protection of the Russian embassy during a time of uncertainty. {{ cite news }} : ( ???? )
  18. ^ "State overthrow being prepared by FSB officer, three defectors from Interior Ministry ? media" . en.interfax.com.ua .
  19. ^ ????? ???????? ????? ?? ??"? - ???? ????
  20. ^ ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???"? (?????)
  21. ^ ?????? ?? ???? ???????????, ??? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ??"?
  22. ^ ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????
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  28. ^ ???"? ???? ??????? ???"? (?????)
  29. ^ ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??"?
  30. ^ ????? ????? ???? Agentura.ru
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