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Richard III of England
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????	2 ???????? 1452 ; ???'?????? ( ??' ) , ????? ??????
????	22 ??????? 1485 (???? 32) ; ???????' , ????? ??????
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	20 ????? 1483 ? 22 ??????? 1485 ; (??????)
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??? ?? ???? ????'?? ?????? ??? ??????. ?? ???????? ????? ??? ????????, ??? ???'?? ?????? (????) .

???'?? ??????, ??? ?????? (? ?????? : Richard III of England ;‏ 2 ???????? 1452 ? 22 ??????? 1485 ) ??? ??? ?????? ?- 1483 ??? ???? ? ??? ???????' ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? .

???'??, ??? ?? ???'?? ?????'??, ???? ???? , ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????, ??? ?????? . ?-1461, ????? ?? ???, ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????. ?-1472 ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????. ?-1483, ?? ??? ??????, ???? ???'?? ????? ??????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? , ??????. ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???-?????, ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????. ???'?? ????? ???? ??????, ? ??? ??????? ????? . ???? ???????? ????? ????? ???????. ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????????? . ??????? 1485 ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????, ????'?? ???? ???? ???????'. ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????. ???????? ?????????? ?? ???'?? ????? ?? ??? ???????, ?????? ????? " ???'?? ?????? " ??? ???????? , ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????.

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???'?? ???? ???? 1452 ???? ?????? ?? ???'?? ?????'??, ???? ???? , ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? . ??? ???? , ??? ???? ?? ???'?? ??? ?????, ??? ??? ????? ???? ????, ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????, ??? ?????? .

????? ????? ??? ????? ????: ????? - ??????, ????? ?????? ??????, ??? ?????? . ???? - ??????, ???? ?????? . ?????? - ?'???' ???? ????? . ??????? - ???'??.

???? 1460 ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ? ??? ???????? . ???? ????? ???? ????, ???? ?? ???'??, ????? ??????, ????, ???? ?? ?? 18. ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??????. ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???'?? ?????. ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ????. ?? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????. ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? - ???? ?????, ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????.

???'?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????, ???'?? ?????, ????? ?????? . ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????. ??? 1460 ?? ????? ???? 1471 ??? ????? "????? ??????" ???????. ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??, ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????, ?????? ?????? , ???? ?? ???'??, ??? ???? ???? ??????, ???? ????? . ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????, ??????? ??????, ????? ????? ?? ???'?? ???????.

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???? ?? ???'??, ?????? ??????, ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? 1461 , ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????, ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? 1471 . ??? ??? ??? ???'?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????. ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?'???' ???? ?????, ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????. ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????, ???? ???'?? ?? ????? " ???? ?????? ".

???? ???????? ??? 1471 ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????. ???'?? ???? ? ?? ????? , ??? ?? ????? ?????, ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????, ????? ??????. ????????, ?????? ?- 12 ????? 1472 ???? ????'?? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????, ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? - ??? ???? (??? ????), ??? ?????? (??? ???? ????? ?? ????) ????? ????? (??? ????). ???? 1473 ???? ???? ??, ?????? . ????? ???? ???'?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????.

?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????. ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????, ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???????, ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????, ????? ?????? ??????. ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????, ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? , ???? ?????? ??????.

?- 1483 ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????. ????, ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????, ? ???'?? ????????, ???? ???? , ??? ??? 12 ?-9 ???? ??? ????.

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??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????, ?????? ???????, ???? ????? . ???? ??? ??????, ???? ????? 1483 ???? ?????? ????????, ?? ??? ?????, ???? ???????, ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????. ???'?? ????? ?????? ????. ????? ????? ??? ??? ???'?? ?? ?????, ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????. ???'?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ? ????????? , ?????? ?? ???? ????? ? ????? ?????? ("??????"). ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ??????.

???? ????? ????, ?- 22 ????? 1483, ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????, ???? ??? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????. ?- 25 ????? ????? ???'?? ???? ???????, ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????, ??? ???? ???? ??????. ?- 6 ????? 1483 ????? ???'?? ???? ??????.

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???'?? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????????. ??? ????? ? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? .

????? ????? ?-1483, ?????? ???? ???????, ????? ???? ????????? , ?????, ????????? ???? ?????.

?????? 1484 ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????. ??, ???? ?? ???'??, ????? ???? ??????, ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????. ????? ??? 1484 ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????????, ??????? ???? ???? ???. ???? 1485 ??? ???? ?? ???'??, ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????, ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???'?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? , ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????. ?'???? ????? ?????? ???.

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??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????, ???? ??????, ????? ????'????, ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???'?? ????? ????. ???'???? (???? ???? ??????? ???? ? ???? ?????? ) ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?'?? ????? , ??? ?? ?????? ?????? , ????? ??? ????? ????? ????. ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????, ???? ???? ??? ?????. ??????? ???? ???'???? ????? ?????.

???????? ?????? ???? ???????' ?- 22 ??????? 1485 , ???? ?????? ???'?? ?????? ?????, ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????????, ????? ????? ?????? ????'?????, ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???'????. ???'?? ????? ?? ??? ???'???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????. ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????. ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??????, ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????.

???'?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????, ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?'???' ???? ? ??? ?-18 . ??? ?? ???? ???'?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????'?? . ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????'??, ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??, ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? 1154 .

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???'?? ???? ????? ???? ???? . ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? (??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ). ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???'?? ??????. ? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ( ??' ) ??????? 2012 ?????, ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????. ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??"? ??????? ?? ??"? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ^[1]^[2]. ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???: ?????? ? ???? ???? ???, ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????, ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ^[3] ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ? ??? , ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ? ???? ^[4]. ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???'?? ^[5]. ???? 2015 ???? ???? ???? ?????? ? ???? .

???? 2022 ??? ??????? ???? " ????? ?? ???'?? " (" The Lost King ") ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????, ???? "????? ???'?? ??????", ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????, ???? 2012.

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????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????, ??? ????? ??? (?????? ????? ??????????? ??????, ???? ????) ? ???????? ? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?????'?? ????? ????? ?????, ????? ?????? ????????? ? ???? ?????? ????????. ?????? ??? " ???'?? ?????? " ????? ?? ???'?? ???? ?????, ??? ????, ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????, ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????, ???? ????? ?????. ????? ?? ???'??, ????? ??? ? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????, ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ^[6].

????, ??? ???? ?-17 ????? ???????????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????, ??????? ?????-????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????. ??????? ??, ??? ?????? ?'???' ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ???'?? (??????? ?-1619 ????? ?-1646) ????? ???? ??, ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????, ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????. "????? ???'?? ??????", ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ?-1924, ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????. ????, ??? ???????????? ??????? ????'?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???????.

????? ???? ????? ????? ???'??, ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?'????? ??? ( Josephine Tey ) ???? 1951 "??? ?? ???? ( The Daughter of Time ) " ??? ????? ??????.

???? ???? ?- BBC ???? 2002 ????? ???'?? ????? ?-82 ?????? " ??? ??????? ??????? ". ???? ?-BBC ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ^[^{???? ????
]}.

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Michael Hicks,‏ Richard III: The Self-Made King . ????? ?????????? ??? , 2019.

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???? ?????? ????? ???'?? ??????, ??? ?????? ? ??????????

???'?? ??????, ??? ?????? , ???? ??????????? ???????? (???????)
???'?? ?????? ?-A Dictionary of British History.
????? ???? ???'?? ??????
???'?? ??????, ??? ?????? , ???? " Find a Grave " (???????)
???'?? ?-3, (1452-1485), ??? ?????? , ?? ??? ? ?????? ???????
???'?? ??????, ??? ?????? , ???? ???????????? ????????? ??????? (???????)

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^ ???? ?????‏, ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? - ??? ?????? ???? , ???? ????? ‏, 15 ????? 2023
^ ???? ????, ??????, ????? ???????: ????? ????? ???? ???'?? ?????? , ???? ???? , 4 ??????? 2012; ?? ???????: ???? ???? ???'?? ?-III , ???? ynet
^ Bryony Jones Body found under parking lot is King Richard III, scientists prove ???? ???? CNN
^ Buckley R, Appleby J, Yeh H.Y, Mitchell P.D. (2013). The intestinal parasites of King Richard III . The Lancet , Published online September 4, 2013.‏ ????? ???? ?????
^ ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???'?? ?????? , ???? nrg ‏, 5 ??????? 2013
^ ??? ????:

[1] ???? ?????‏, ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? - ??? ?????? ???? , ???? ????? ‏, 15 ????? 2023

[2] ???? ????, ??????, ????? ???????: ????? ????? ???? ???'?? ?????? , ???? ???? , 4 ??????? 2012; ?? ???????: ???? ???? ???'?? ?-III , ???? ynet

[3] Bryony Jones Body found under parking lot is King Richard III, scientists prove ???? ???? CNN

[4] Buckley R, Appleby J, Yeh H.Y, Mitchell P.D. (2013). The intestinal parasites of King Richard III . The Lancet , Published online September 4, 2013.‏ ????? ???? ?????

[5] ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???'?? ?????? , ???? nrg ‏, 5 ??????? 2013

[6] ??? ????:

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