???? ?????

**???? ?????**
**Clara Schumann**
	???? ????? 1853
????	13 ??????? 1819 ; ??????? , ????? ???????
?????	20 ???? 1896 (???? 76) ; ???????? , ????? ?????? , ??????? ???????
?? ????	Clara Josephine Wieck
???? ?????	??? ?????? ???? ?? ???
???? ??????	????? ???????
????	??????? ??????? ?????? ????????
??? ??????	??????
??? ?????	?????
?? ?? ?? ???	????? ????? ( 12 ??????? 1840 ? 29 ????? 1856 )
??????	???'??? ????? , ??????? ????? , Elise Schumann , Emil Schumann , ???? ????? , ????? ????? , ???? ????? , Ludwig Schumann
???? ??????	8
	?????? ?-IMDb
?????

???? ????? (? ?????? : Clara Schumann ‏; 13 ??????? 1819 ? 20 ???? 1896 ) ????? ???????? ? ?????? , ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????. ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????. ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ????, ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? 100 ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????.

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ??? ????? ????? ? ??????? ?? ?????? . ????, ??????? ??? , ???? ?????? ? ????? ??? ???? ?????, ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????. ????, ?????? ???????, ???????? ???????, ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????, ??????? ????. ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???.

??????? ???? ????? ?????? ? ????? ????? 13 ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????. ?????, ????? ?????? ?? ????, ????? ?????, ?????? ???? ?-9 ????, ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????. ?????? ????? ?- 1840 , ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ???. ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????, ????? ????????: ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????, ????, ????? ?????? ?? ????????, ???? 8 ?????, ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????. ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ????.

?????? ???? ?-50 ?? ???? ?-19 , ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????. ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????, ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ? ??? , ?????? ? ?????? . ????? ????? ?- 1854 ? ??? ????? ????? ??? , ?????? ?????? ??????? , ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????.

???? ???? ?? ????? ?????, ?- 1856 , ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???. ??? ???? ? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????.

?- 1878 ???? ???? ????? ?????? ? ???????????? ??? ? ???????? , ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????. ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????. ^[1] ?????? ???? ???????? ???"?, ???? ??????? ?????? ?????. ^[2] ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????, ????? ???? ??????, ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????. ??? 68 ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?'???? ( ??' ) , ???? ?????? ( ??' ) , ???? ???? ( ??' ) , ????? ??????? ( ??' ) , ??? ??????? ( ??' ) , ?????? ??????? ( ??' ) , ?????? ??????? ( ??' ) , ?????? ?? ???? ( ??' ) , ???? ?????? , ??? ???? ( ??' ) ? ????? ?????? ?? ?? . ^[3]^[1]^[4]^[5]

??? ???? ?? ?? ?- 1892 , ?????? 4 ????, ?- 20 ???? 1896 , ?????, ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ? ??? .

?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????????, ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????, ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??????. ??? ????: ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????, ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???; ???? ????? ????? ?????? - ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???. ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ??????:

"???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????, ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????. ????, ????? ?????, ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????, ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?????. ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???????, ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????."

?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????. ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????, ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????, ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? 36. ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ? ???? ????? ?????? ????? , ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????. ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????, ???: Vorspiele, ???? 1895, ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????'??? ??? ????? ???????. ????? ???, ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????, ??????'??? ?????? ??? ?????, ????? 7, ??? ??????? ??????, ????? 17 . ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????, ?????, ???? ????? ????? ??????? ? ????? ??????. ?? ???????? ???? ?- 1853 , ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????, ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? . ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????, ??? ????? , ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????.? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????, ????????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????.

???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???"? ????????? ????? , ??????? ?? ????? ??????. ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????. ??, ????, ???? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? (???? ???? ???????, ????? 11) ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??'?? ????? ????? ????? (????? 28 ???????). ^[6] ??? ??, ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? (????? 11 ???????) ????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ????-????????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????. ^[7]

??????, ????? ???? ????????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????. ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ? ????? ???????? ?????? ???-?????, ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????.

???? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????. ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ??'?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?- 1840 , ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????'??? ??? ????? - ?????'??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????. ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????, ??? ?? ???? ??????. ^[8]

??????? 1853 ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? , ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? . ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???. ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????. ????? ?? ???? 1856, ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????. ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???????, ?? ?? ???? ???? ?????. ^[9]

????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????, ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????. ???? ???? ?? ?????, ??? ????? ?? ?????'??? ?????? ????? 15 ??? ?????, ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????. ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????, ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????. ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? 40 ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????.

?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???. ?? ???? ???? ?????, ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????.

?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????. ???? " ??? ????? " ( Song of Love ) ???? 1947 ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????, ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????. ^[10]

???? 1954 ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? " ????? ?? ????? ???? ". ^[11]

???? 2008 ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? "???? ??????" ( Geliebte Clara ) . ^[12]

?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? 100 ???? ????? , ???? ?????? ?????? 1989 ??? ????? ? ???? ?????? 2002. ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????????? ??? , ??? ?????. ?????? ???? ?????? ? ????? ????? ?????? , ??????? ???? ?? ????????????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???.

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

Nancy B. Reich, Clara Schumann: The Artist and the Woman , Cornell University Press, 2013.
EUGENIE SCHUMANN, MEMOIRS OF , EULENBURG BOOKS LONDON, 1985 ???? ????? - ?-1925

????? ???

Elfriede Jelinek, Clara S, musikalische Tragodie [Playwright], 1982.
Janice Galloway, Clara , Great Britain: Jonathan Cape, 2002. ^[13]

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ? ??????????

???? ????? , ???? ??????? ?????????? IMDb (???????)
???? ????? , ???? ????????
???? ????? , ???? Last.fm (???????)
???? ????? , ???? AllMusic (???????)
???? ????? , ???? MusicBrainz (???????)
???? ????? , ???? Discogs (???????)
???? ????? , ???? Genius
???? ????? , ???? SecondHandSongs
???? ????? , ???? " Find a Grave " (???????)
???? ????? , ???? ??????????? ???????? (???????)
???? ???? (1819-1896) , ?? ??? ? ?????? ???????

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ ¹ ² Riebsamen, Hans (9 May 2019). "Pianistin Clara Schumann : Klavierstunde bei der eisernen Meisterin". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). Retrieved 12 September 2019.
^ Reich, Nancy B. (2001). Clara Schumann: The Artist and the Woman (Revised ed.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-8637-1 .
^ Klassen, Janina (2011). "Schumann, Clara (Josephine)". sophie-drinker-institut.de (in German). Bremen: Sophie Drinker Institute. Retrieved 12 September 2019.
^ Allihn, Karen (5 March 2019). "Erinnerungen an Clara Schumann : Alleinstehend, berufstatig, kinderreich". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). Retrieved 13 September 2019.
^ Forkert, Annika ( 4 ?????? 2010 ). "Luise Adolpha Le Beau" . MUGI (Musik und Gender im Internet) . Nancy Schuman, trans . ???? ?- 28 ???? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )
^ John Daverio and Eric Sams, Schumann, Robert , Grove Music Online, ‏2001
^ Harwood, Gregory W, Robert Schumann's Sonata in F-Sharp Minor: A Study of Creative Process and Romantic Inspiration, Current Musicology 29, 1980, ??' 17-30
^ TIM DOWLEY, SCHUMANN his life and times , MIDAS BOOKS, 1982
^ BERTHOLD LITZMANN, CLARA SHCUMANN , DA CAPO PRESS, 1979
^ " Song of Love (1947) ", ???? ??????? ?????????? IMDb (???????)
^ " The Clara Schumann Story ", ???? ??????? ?????????? IMDb (???????)
^ " Beloved Clara (2008) ", ???? ??????? ?????????? IMDb (???????)
^ ??????: ?'??? ??????, ??????? ???? ?????? , ???? ???? , 10 ????? 2002

[:0-1] ¹ ² Riebsamen, Hans (9 May 2019). "Pianistin Clara Schumann : Klavierstunde bei der eisernen Meisterin". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). Retrieved 12 September 2019.

[2] Reich, Nancy B. (2001). Clara Schumann: The Artist and the Woman (Revised ed.). Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 978-0-8014-8637-1 .

[3] Klassen, Janina (2011). "Schumann, Clara (Josephine)". sophie-drinker-institut.de (in German). Bremen: Sophie Drinker Institute. Retrieved 12 September 2019.

[4] Allihn, Karen (5 March 2019). "Erinnerungen an Clara Schumann : Alleinstehend, berufstatig, kinderreich". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). Retrieved 13 September 2019.

[5] Forkert, Annika ( 4 ?????? 2010 ). "Luise Adolpha Le Beau" . MUGI (Musik und Gender im Internet) . Nancy Schuman, trans . ???? ?- 28 ???? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

[6] John Daverio and Eric Sams, Schumann, Robert , Grove Music Online, ‏2001

[7] Harwood, Gregory W, Robert Schumann's Sonata in F-Sharp Minor: A Study of Creative Process and Romantic Inspiration, Current Musicology 29, 1980, ??' 17-30

[8] TIM DOWLEY, SCHUMANN his life and times , MIDAS BOOKS, 1982

[9] BERTHOLD LITZMANN, CLARA SHCUMANN , DA CAPO PRESS, 1979

[10] " Song of Love (1947) ", ???? ??????? ?????????? IMDb (???????)

[11] " The Clara Schumann Story ", ???? ??????? ?????????? IMDb (???????)

[12] " Beloved Clara (2008) ", ???? ??????? ?????????? IMDb (???????)

[13] ??????: ?'??? ??????, ??????? ???? ?????? , ???? ???? , 10 ????? 2002

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