???????

????? "?????" ???? ????. ?? ?????? ??????? ????, ??? ????? (?????????) .

???? ?????? ???? ? ???????? ?????? ??????-?????? ??????. ???? ???? ?? ???? ?-19.

????????? (? ????? : казаки ; ? ????????? : козаки ; ? ?????? : Kozacy ) ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? . ????? ????????? ???????? ????????-?????. ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????-????? , ? ???????? , ? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ? ???? ??????? . ???? ?????? ?????? , ??? ??????? ???????????? ??????? (?? " ????? ?????? ????? ").

???? ??? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? "???????" ???? ? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????, ?? ????? ??????? kazak, ???????? ????/????? (????? ????? ?????? qaz) ^[1]; ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??????-????? , ??? ??????? ????? ?????. ??? "????? ?????" ??? ??? ???? ? ?????? ????? ????? ???? 1814. ^[2]

? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ??? "?????" ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????, ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????-????? ???????? ??????. ^[3]^[4]

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? , ?????? ? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ?-12 ?????, ????? ????? ???????. ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ? ???????? ????'????? , ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????. ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ? ?????? ??? ???? ?????. ?? ????? ? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????-???????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ? ??? ????? , ???? ??????? ??? ????? ? ??? ? ??????? ?????? ?????????? . ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? , ?????? ???? ?-90 ?? ???? ?-20 .

??? ??? ???? ???????? , ????? ???? ?-19 ??? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ? ???????? ?? ???? ( ??' ) ?????? ???? ?????. ^[5] ???????????? ?"? ????? ?????????? ? ?????????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ??-40,000, ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????.

????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ? ???????? , ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ? ????? ?"? ?"? . ? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????. ?? ???, ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? , ?????? ???????. ?? ?????? "?????" ???? ???? ??? ? ????? ????? ????????, ??? ??????.

???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??????- ????? , ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ? ????? ??????? ??????, ??? ??????: " ????? ????? " (????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????).

??? ?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ???? , "????? ??????: ???? ???????? ?????? ????", ????: ???? ??????: ?? ???? ???????? ??????? , ?? ????: ?? ???? (???"?)

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ????? ??????? ? ??????????

??? ?? ??????? ????????? (???????)
??????? , ???? ??????????? ???????? (???????)
??????? , ?? ??? ? ?????? ???????

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ cossack | Etymology, origin and meaning of the name cossack by etymonline , www.etymonline.com (???????)
^ Bessonov, V. A.; B. P. Milovidov (2006). Польские военнопленные Великой армии в России в 1812?1814 гг. [Polish Prisoners of War of the Imperial Russian Army in Russia During 1812?1814] (??????). ????? ?- ????? ?- 21 ??????? 2014 . ???? ?- 20 ????? 2013 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )
^ Heifetz, Elias (1921). The Slaughter of the Jews in the Ukraine in 1919 . Thomas Seltzer, Inc.
^ ???? ???? (???? ??????), ????? ?????? ????????? , 1976, ?????? ??????????? ??????? , ???? 21
^ РУССКИЕ И ЕВРЕИ

??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???????? . ??? ??????? ????? ?????????? ? ?????? ???? .

[1] ssack | Etymology, origin and meaning of the name cossack by etymonline , www.etymonline.com (???????)

[2] Bessonov, V. A.; B. P. Milovidov (2006). Польские военнопленные Великой армии в России в 1812?1814 гг. [Polish Prisoners of War of the Imperial Russian Army in Russia During 1812?1814] (??????). ????? ?- ????? ?- 21 ??????? 2014 . ???? ?- 20 ????? 2013 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

[heifetz-3] Heifetz, Elias (1921). The Slaughter of the Jews in the Ukraine in 1919 . Thomas Seltzer, Inc.

[4] ???? ???? (???? ??????), ????? ?????? ????????? , 1976, ?????? ??????????? ??????? , ???? 21

[5] РУССКИЕ И ЕВРЕИ

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]