????? ??????

????? ?????? ?? ??? (? ?????? : concert tour ?? ?????? tour ) ??? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????, ????? ?? ?????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? (??????: " Courage World Tour " ?? ???? ???? ?? "The Joshua Tree Tour" ?? U2 ?? ?? ????????). ?????? ????? ??????? ????????, ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????, ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????, ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????. ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? " touring artist " (" ???? ?????? ?????? ", " ???? ????? "). ^[1]^[2]

????? ????? (?????????) ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? "legs" ("??????"). ^[3] ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ??????? ???? ????? ?????, ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? (?????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????), ?????? ?? ?????, ?? ????? ????? (????? ?????) ?????. ??????? ??????? ???????, ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????, ??????? ??? ???? ???????. ^[^{???? ????
]} ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ????. ???? ???, ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????.

????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???, ?????? ????? ????-?????. ????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???????. ^[4] ????? ??????? ????? ?? 30 ?? 50 ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? , " The 1989 World Tour " ??? ????? ?? ?? ????, ???? ??????, ?????, ???????? ???????. ^[5] ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???, The Formation World Tour ??2016, ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? 747 ??? ?? ???? ??70 ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????. ???? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????, ????????, ?????? ?????? ????. ^[6]

Rock-It Cargo ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????, ??? ???? ?????????? , ????? ? ?????? . ???? ????? ?????, Rock-It Cargo ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ??????. ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ?????, ?? ?????, ??? ?? "??? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ? ?????? ???????, ?????? ????????????, ????? ??????? ???? ???. ??? ?????? ?? ?????, ?????, ????? ???, ????? (carnets; ???? ?????? ????? - ???? ???? - ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????) - ?? ?? ?????? ?????." ^[4]

?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ??2019, ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? Tour ÷ ?? ?? ???? , ?? ?????? ????? ?? 775.6 ?????? ????. ^[7] ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? 360° Tour ?? ???? ???? ?????? U2 , ?? ?????? ????? ?? 736,137,344 ????. ^[8] ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????, ??????? ???? 558 ?????? ???? ??? 2005 ??2007 ??? A Bigger Bang Tour ?? ??????? ????? . ^[9] Sticky & Sweet Tour ?? ????? , ??????? 408 ?????? ???? ??2008 ??2009 ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? (????) ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???. ^[10] ??? ??"? ???? 2014 ?? Billboard Boxscore, 5 ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? 1990 ??? ?? ??????? ?????, U2, ???? ?????????? , ????? ? ??? ?'??? .

?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??2016 ?????? ??Billboard Boxscore ??? ?? 5.5 ??????? ????. ^[11] ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??21 ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????. ^[12] ???? ????????, ????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???'????? ??????? "????? ?????" (meet-and-greet). ^[13]^[14]

???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????, ????? ??????? ???. ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? "????? ?? ??? ????, ?? ?? ????? ?? ??????. ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????." ^[15] ?????? "????? ?????" (concert residency) ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ????. ^[16] ????? ????????? ????? ???? , ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? 2018 ?????? ??????? ??? Joanne World Tour , ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ? ???? ???, ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????. ^[17]

???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? Help Musicians UK ???? 2015 ??? ?? ????? ??60% ?????????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ?????, ???? 71% ???????? ???? ????? ??????. ^[18]

??? ?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? ??????

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?? ?????? ?????? , ???? ???????

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ "Hot Tours: Roger Waters, Mana, Bob Dylan" . Billboard . ????? ?- ????? ?-2018-05-23 . ???? ?- 2018-05-12 .
^ "Madonna Extends Record as Highest-Grossing Solo Touring Artist" . Billboard. 2016-03-23. ????? ?- ????? ?-2018-12-04 . ???? ?- 2019-05-06 .
^ "What is a Concert Tour?" . TourBeat . ????? ?- ????? ?- 13 ?????? 2015 . ???? ?- 10 ?????? 2015 . A concert tour is an opportunity for musicians to perform over longer periods of time across several cities, which are differentiated by segments known as "legs." Legs of tours of can be denoted by a series of dates that have no long break between them, by geographical regions or destinations, or by different opening acts. Each city or region may have the same opening act for each leg, or they may change opening acts at each city. {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )
^ ¹ ² "Taking the Show on the Road - Inbound Logistics" . www.inboundlogistics.com . ????? ?- ????? ?- 1 ?????? 2017 . ???? ?- 4 ?????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )
^ "How many trucks does it take to put on a Taylor Swift show?" . autoweek.com . ????? ?- ????? ?- 1 ?????? 2017 . ???? ?- 4 ?????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )
^ "What it takes to get Beyonce on a world tour - BBC News" . Bbc.com. 2017-06-07. ????? ?- ????? ?-2019-05-10 . ???? ?- 2019-05-06 .
^ "Ed Sheeran Concludes 'Divide' Tour, Sets All-Time Touring Record At $775.6M" . Pollstar . 27 ??????? 2019 . ???? ?- 26 ??????? 2019 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )
^ Waddell, Ray ( 29 ????? 2011 ). "U2 Set to Wrap Biggest Concert Tour Ever" . Billboard.com . ?????? ?- 11 ??????? 2013 . ???? ?- 31 ????? 2011 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )
^ Pietrolungo, Silvio ( 9 ?????? 2007 ). "Rolling Stones Tour Grosses More Than Half A Billion" . Billboard . ?????? ?- 18 ???? 2017 . ???? ?- 2009-11-17 . {{ cite news }}: ( ???? )
^ "Madonna Closes Tour In Tel Aviv;Second Highest Grossing Trek Of All Time" . Billboard . 2 ??????? 2009 . ?????? ?- 10 ??????? 2016 . ???? ?- 2014-01-08 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )
^ "How 'The Shared Live Experience' & Even Streaming Fueled the $25 Billion Concert Biz" . billboard.com . ????? ?- ????? ?- 23 ?????? 2017 . ???? ?- 4 ?????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )
^ "With Touring Still A Focal Point, The Rolling Stones, AC/DC And U2 Fight For Top Honors In Rock And Roll History" . Forbes.com. ????? ?- ????? ?-2017-08-16 . ???? ?- 2019-05-06 .
^ "Nine Ways Musicians Actually Make Money Today ? Rolling Stone" . Rollingstone.com. 2012-08-28. ????? ?- ????? ?-2018-06-30 . ???? ?- 2019-05-06 .
^ "$1500 packages to meet rock band KISS sell out in Melbourne, Sydney and Perth ahead of Australian tour" . News.com.au. 2012-11-14. ????? ?- ????? ?-2018-06-30 . ???? ?- 2019-05-06 .
^ " 'This is it': Adele hints to fans she may never tour again" . sky.com . ????? ?- ????? ?- 1 ?????? 2017 . ???? ?- 4 ?????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )
^ Lerner, Rebecca. "Meet The Celeb 100 Stars Cashing In On The Vegas Residency Boom" . forbes.com . ????? ?- ????? ?- 1 ?????? 2017 . ???? ?- 4 ?????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )
^ Savage, Mark ( 7 ??????? 2018 ). "Details of Lady Gaga's Vegas shows revealed" . ????? ?- ????? ?- 20 ????? 2019 . ???? ?- 20 ????? 2019 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )
^ Britton, Luke Morgan ( 25 ????? 2015 ). "Insomnia, anxiety, break-ups … musicians on the dark side of touring" . ????? ?- ????? ?- 1 ?????? 2017 . ???? ?- 4 ?????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

[1] "Hot Tours: Roger Waters, Mana, Bob Dylan" . Billboard . ????? ?- ????? ?-2018-05-23 . ???? ?- 2018-05-12 .

[2] "Madonna Extends Record as Highest-Grossing Solo Touring Artist" . Billboard. 2016-03-23. ????? ?- ????? ?-2018-12-04 . ???? ?- 2019-05-06 .

[3] "What is a Concert Tour?" . TourBeat . ????? ?- ????? ?- 13 ?????? 2015 . ???? ?- 10 ?????? 2015 . A concert tour is an opportunity for musicians to perform over longer periods of time across several cities, which are differentiated by segments known as "legs." Legs of tours of can be denoted by a series of dates that have no long break between them, by geographical regions or destinations, or by different opening acts. Each city or region may have the same opening act for each leg, or they may change opening acts at each city. {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

[inbound-4] ¹ ² "Taking the Show on the Road - Inbound Logistics" . www.inboundlogistics.com . ????? ?- ????? ?- 1 ?????? 2017 . ???? ?- 4 ?????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

[5] "How many trucks does it take to put on a Taylor Swift show?" . autoweek.com . ????? ?- ????? ?- 1 ?????? 2017 . ???? ?- 4 ?????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

[6] "What it takes to get Beyonce on a world tour - BBC News" . Bbc.com. 2017-06-07. ????? ?- ????? ?-2019-05-10 . ???? ?- 2019-05-06 .

[7] "Ed Sheeran Concludes 'Divide' Tour, Sets All-Time Touring Record At $775.6M" . Pollstar . 27 ??????? 2019 . ???? ?- 26 ??????? 2019 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

[wrap2-8] Waddell, Ray ( 29 ????? 2011 ). "U2 Set to Wrap Biggest Concert Tour Ever" . Billboard.com . ?????? ?- 11 ??????? 2013 . ???? ?- 31 ????? 2011 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

[biggerbang2-9] Pietrolungo, Silvio ( 9 ?????? 2007 ). "Rolling Stones Tour Grosses More Than Half A Billion" . Billboard . ?????? ?- 18 ???? 2017 . ???? ?- 2009-11-17 . {{ cite news }}: ( ???? )

[stickysweet2-10] "Madonna Closes Tour In Tel Aviv;Second Highest Grossing Trek Of All Time" . Billboard . 2 ??????? 2009 . ?????? ?- 10 ??????? 2016 . ???? ?- 2014-01-08 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

[11] "How 'The Shared Live Experience' & Even Streaming Fueled the $25 Billion Concert Biz" . billboard.com . ????? ?- ????? ?- 23 ?????? 2017 . ???? ?- 4 ?????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

[12] "With Touring Still A Focal Point, The Rolling Stones, AC/DC And U2 Fight For Top Honors In Rock And Roll History" . Forbes.com. ????? ?- ????? ?-2017-08-16 . ???? ?- 2019-05-06 .

[13] "Nine Ways Musicians Actually Make Money Today ? Rolling Stone" . Rollingstone.com. 2012-08-28. ????? ?- ????? ?-2018-06-30 . ???? ?- 2019-05-06 .

[14] "$1500 packages to meet rock band KISS sell out in Melbourne, Sydney and Perth ahead of Australian tour" . News.com.au. 2012-11-14. ????? ?- ????? ?-2018-06-30 . ???? ?- 2019-05-06 .

[15] " 'This is it': Adele hints to fans she may never tour again" . sky.com . ????? ?- ????? ?- 1 ?????? 2017 . ???? ?- 4 ?????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

[16] Lerner, Rebecca. "Meet The Celeb 100 Stars Cashing In On The Vegas Residency Boom" . forbes.com . ????? ?- ????? ?- 1 ?????? 2017 . ???? ?- 4 ?????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

[17] Savage, Mark ( 7 ??????? 2018 ). "Details of Lady Gaga's Vegas shows revealed" . ????? ?- ????? ?- 20 ????? 2019 . ???? ?- 20 ????? 2019 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

[18] Britton, Luke Morgan ( 25 ????? 2015 ). "Insomnia, anxiety, break-ups … musicians on the dark side of touring" . ????? ?- ????? ?- 1 ?????? 2017 . ???? ?- 4 ?????? 2017 . {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

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