???
??? ????
????
?????? ?
???
????? ?????? ??????. ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????????, ??? ?????
?????
?
??
, ?
?????
, ??
???
.
???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????, ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????. ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????, ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? '?????' ??????. ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????, ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???.
????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????, ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????-???? ???? ????? ???-???. ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????
??????? ????
.
???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????. ???
????
???? ???????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????, ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????. ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? (?? ??? ??????
????????
?? ??? ?????) ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????. ????????, ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????.
????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????
????? ???
. ?
???? ????
???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????. ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????. ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????.
?? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????:
- ?????? ?????? ??? ????? (Dead hang).
- ??? ???? (????? ?????
??????
) - ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????:
????? ???? ???
, ???? ?????, ????? ??? ??????.
- ??? ??? - ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????: ????? ???? ???,
????? ??????
, ?????? ???-????.
- ??? ?? ?? ??? - ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????.
- ??? ?? - ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????. ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????. ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????. ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????.
- ??? ????? - ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????(????? ??? ???? ??????? ????). ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????, ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????, ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???. ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????, ?????? ??? ???????.
- ??? ????? ??? - ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? (?????? ????? ????) ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????. ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????, ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????
[????? ?????]
.
???? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?
??????? ???????
. ??? ???? ?????
???????? ?????????? ????????
, ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? 2.78 ????? (?? 2.60 ????? ???? ?
????
), ????? 2.40 ????? ?
?????
2.8 ?"?.
????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????, ??????? ????? ?? ?????. ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??, ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????. ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????, ????? ???????, ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????.
???? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ?
??????????
??????? ??? ?????,
?????????? ????? (1896)
. ????? ???? ?? ????????, ????
?????????? ???? (1924)
??? ??? ???? ???? ????????.
???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????.
- ????? ????? - ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????, ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????, ???? ?
?????
????? ?? ???? ??????.
- ????? ???? - ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????. ????? ????? ??????? ????.
- ????? ?????? - ?? ?? ????? ???? ???, ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????. ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????.
[1]
???? ???????
(
??'
)
?
????????
??? ???? ?????? ???? ??
??? ????
?????? ???, ??????? ?????? 4,210 ????? ??? ??? 12 ???? ????, ??????? ???, ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? 24 ?????.
[2]
??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?-10 ???? ????????, ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??. ???? ????? ?? ????, ??? ???? ??? ?-2016 ?? 7,620 ????? ???.
????? ???????, ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?
???? ????
, ???????? ?????? ?????? ????, ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????.