???????
???'????
(?
??????
:
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts
), ?????? ???? ??? ??????
??????'???????
?????
ⓘ
?
, ???
?????
?????
??? ???????
?????-????
????? ?????
. ??? ????? ?
??? ??????
?
???????
?????,
??? ????
?????,
??????
?
??? ???????
?????, ??????? ?
???????? ???????
. ????
2013
???? ????????? ???'???? 6.7 ?????? ??????, ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????.
????'???? ????? ???????, ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????????, ???? ??? ?
???? ???? ???????
???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?
?????
?????? ?? ????? ?????.
?? ??????
???? ???'????
???? ??? ?????????? ?
??????
???????, ??? ??? ????'???
(
Massachusett
)
. ????? ??? ??? "??? ????? ??????".
??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? "??????? ???'????". ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? "????????"
[
???? ????
]
. ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????, ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???, ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????.
???'???? ????? ?
????? ??????'
?? ??? ????? ?
?????????
??
1620
. ?????, ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???????, ???? ???????, ????? ?? ??? ?
????????
?????? ??????? ????, ?????? ?? ???? ?????, ???? ??????
?????
(?????
1628
). ????
1630
????? ????
??????
????? ????? ??????
???? ???'????
, ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????.
?
?????????
?????? ????????? ????????? ????'???? ???
1637
???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???? ???'????,
??????'
,
???????
?
???-?????
???? ??
?????????? ???-???????
, ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????. ?????? ???? ????? ??
1675
?
1676
????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????, ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????-?????????.
????????? ???'???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????. ?? ????? ????
?'???? ????
??
1660
, ????
????
????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ??
1684
. ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???'???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????????.
????
1691
, ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???'???, ??????' ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? "???'????". ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????, ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? (Congregationalism), ?????? ???? ????????.
??? ??????? ??????
1692
??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??????. 19 ?????
????
???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?
?????
.
?????
???? ??18
????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????, ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????. ?????
????? ??? ?????
, ???? ?
?????
???????? ????? ???? ???
????
, ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ????'???, ????? ?
????
,
???
?
?????
(???
????? ??????
).
???'???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????, ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ???????. ????
1773
?????? ????? ???'???? ?????
??
???????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????????, ??? ????? ?"
????? ??? ?? ??????
".
????'???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??
????? ??????? ?????????
, ????
??? ????????? ????????
, ?
??? ???? ???
.
????
1780
????? ?
????
?? ???'????, ??? ????? ????? ?? ???
?'?? ????
???? ????? ??
15 ?????
???? ???. ?
????
?????? ?? ?????? ????
?'?? ?????
. ????
1788
????? ???'???? ??
???? ????? ?????
?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???.
??
15 ????
1820
???? ?? ???? ????? ????'???? ???? ?????? ??????, ?????
????
. ????
2004
???? ???'???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????
??????? ??-??????
.
????? ????'???? ?????? ??????
??? ???????
?
??????
, ????? ?? -
????? ??? ????
, ????? -
???????
?
??? ??????
, ?????? -
????????? ???????
. ???? ?????-????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ???-???
???? ???
(Cape Cod). ???'???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????.
??????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???'???? ??? ????? ?
??????
- ???? ???'????, ???? ???? ???, ???? ????????? ???' - ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? - "????? ?????".
????? ?? ???'???? ?????? ?-
1780
???
????? ??????? ?????????
, ???? ???? ????
????? ??????????
, ?????? ???? ????
???? ????? ?????
????????. ???? ?????? ?? ???
?'?? ????
, ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????, ??? ????? ????.
[1]
[2]
??? ????? ?????, ??? ?????? ?????? ??
????? ????????
??????.
????? ?????? ????'???? ???? ??
????
???'????,
??? ?????
,
????
??????, ????? ????? ?? ??????,
????? ??????
(????? ????'???? ????? ????????, ??? ??
????'????
?
?????????
), ?? ?
??????
, ?? ?
?????
??? ??? ???? ??????. ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???'????, ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????. ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????'????, ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????, ?????
??????
??? ?????
??????
????? ????? ??????. ????? ?? ??
???? ???
(?????) ?? ?????? ??????? ??????, ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????.
??????? ?
??????
?? ???'???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????????. ?
????????
???????? ?? ???'???? ??
?????? ????
?
?? ????
. ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?
??? ???????
?? ????????.
????? ??????? ????'???? ?????? ????
??? ???????
, ??? ??????? ????? 160 ?????, ?????? ????? 40. ???? ?-
2015
?????? ?????????
?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???????. ?? 35 ????? ???? ??????? ??
??????????
, ??? ?? 6 ???????? ?????.
??????? ????????, ????? ???'???? ??????? ?? ???
?????? ?????????
, ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?
???????
????? ????? ????? ?????.
[3]
????
1974
, ???? ????'???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?
????
?
????
?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????. ???'???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?
??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????
?-
1972
, ??-
2004
, ???'???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????
??????? ??-??????
.
????? ????
???? ??????
, ???'???? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????.
????? ????
????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????, ??? ????? ??
?'??? ????
, ??? ??????. ??????? ??
?'?? ????'??? ????
?? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????' ?-
1952
, ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??. ???? ?????,
?????? (??) ????
, ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?
???? ????? ?????
, ?-
1962
??? ????? ?-
2009
. ??? ???'???? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ???????.
[4]
??????? ??????? ???'???? ???? ?????? ?
????? ?????????
. ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?
????? ??????????
??? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??
????? ?????
?-
1984
. ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?
???'?? ??????
?-
1972
. ?
?????? ??????? ?-2004
, ???? ?????? 61.9% ???????? ?????? ????????
?'?? ???
, ??? ???? ???? ????? ?-
1985
???
2013
. ?
????? ??????? ?-2008
, ?????
??? ?????
??? ?-61.6% ???????? ?? ???'????, ?????? ???? ?-
2012
. ????? ?????? ?-2012 ????? ??
?????? ????
, ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???'???? ?????.
???? ????? ?????? ??? ??7 ?????? ???, ???? ???? 2020. ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???
??????
?????, ?????? ????? ???? ???'???? ?
??? ?'????
(Charles River). ?????
?????? ????
???? ???? ???????? ??5.8 ?????? ??????. ????? ???, ???? ?????? ?? ???'???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????, ?????? ??? ??? ????????, ??????? ?? ??? ?
????'??
.
|
?????? ?????? ????'????
[6]
|
????? ??-????????
|
76.1%
|
????????
|
9.6%
|
??????
|
6.6%
|
???????
|
5.3%
|
????????
??????
|
0.3%
|
?????
|
2.6%
|
|
?????? ???? ???? ????'????
[7]
|
?????
|
23.2%
|
???????
|
13.6%
|
??????
|
11.8%
|
??????
|
10.8%
|
??????
|
6.5%
|
??????
|
5%
|
?????????
|
4.8%
|
??????
|
2.5%
|
|
???? ??????? ????'????
[7]
|
??????
|
78.3%
|
??????
|
7.8%
|
???
|
13.9%
|
|
????? ??????? ????'???? (????? 2013)
[8]
|
?????
|
?? ????
|
?????????
|
??? ?
?????????
|
1
|
??????
|
617,660
|
??????
|
2
|
?????
|
181,045
|
?????
|
3
|
??????????
|
153,060
|
??????????
|
4
|
????
|
106,519
|
??????
|
5
|
?????????'
|
105,162
|
??????
|
6
|
??? ??????
|
95,072
|
????????
|
7
|
???????
|
93,810
|
??????
|
8
|
???????
|
92,271
|
??????
|
9
|
???
|
90,329
|
??????
|
10
|
??? ????
|
88,857
|
????????
|
11
|
??????
|
85,146
|
??????
|
12
|
?????
|
76,377
|
??????
|
13
|
????????
|
75,754
|
??????
|
14
|
?????????
|
68,318
|
??????
|
15
|
??????
|
60,879
|
??????
|
16
|
????'?
|
60,632
|
??????
|
17
|
??????
|
59,450
|
??????
|
18
|
????????
|
58,732
|
??????
|
19
|
??????'
|
56,468
|
??????
|
20
|
??????
|
56,173
|
??????
|
21
|
???????
|
55,874
|
????????
|
22
|
??????
|
55,298
|
?????
|
23
|
??????'
|
53,743
|
??????
|
24
|
????
|
51,755
|
??????
|
|
???????????? ??????? ????'???? (????? 2014)
[9]
|
?????
|
?? ??????????
|
?????????
|
?????
|
1
|
??????
|
4,732,161
|
???? ???'????
|
2
|
????????
|
1,609,367
|
???? ???'????
|
3
|
?????
|
930,473
|
???? ???'????
|
4
|
??????????
|
629,100
|
???? ???'????
|
5
|
??????????
|
214,914
|
???? ???'????
|
6
|
????????
|
128,715
|
???? ???'????
|
|
???'???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??????, ??????, ????? ????? ??
??????????
???????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????, ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????, ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????.
?????????? ???????
?
????? ????????? ?? ???'????
, ??????? ????? ????
?????????'
???????????
??????
, ?????? ????????????? ??
????? ???????? ?????
, ???? ???????, ???? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ?????, ????? ?
???? ??????
, ?????? ??????? ?????. ????? ???, ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???????????? ??????? ????, ???
?????????? ??????
?
?????????? ???????
. ??????????? ???????? ?? ???'???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????.
??? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????, ???? ????? ??:
???'???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????; ????? ?
??????
????? ?-
NBA
17 ?????,
?????? ??????
, ????? ?
???????
???? ????? ????? ?
????? ?????
,
?????? ?? ????
, ????? ?
???? ???
???? ?? ????? ?
???? ?????
,
?????? ???????
, ?????? ?
??????
???? ??? ?????? ?
???????
,
??? ??????? ???????
.
??? ??????? ???????
??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????'????.
???? ????? ???'????
|
???
|
???
|
????
|
?????
|
??? ???'????
Flag of Massachusetts
|
??? ???'????
Seal of Massachusetts
|
|
|
|
|
"???? ??? ?????? ????, ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????"
"Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem"
|
"????? ?????"
"The Bay State"
|
??
|
???
|
?????
|
???
|
?????? ???????
Ulmus americana
|
???????
Mayflower
|
????? ???? ????
Black-capped chickadee
|
??? ?????
Morgan horse
|
|
|
|
|
- ???'????
, ???? ???????
???
(
??????
)
- ???'????
, ???? ???????
????????
- ????????? ?? ???'????
(???????)
- "
??????????????????
",
????? ??? ??????????
(????),
??????????? ???? ?????
, ??? ????: ????, ???"?, ??? ?, ???? 82, ????
?????????
- ???'????
, ????
??????????? ????????
(???????)
- ^
Levy, Leonard (1995).
Seasoned Judgments: The American Constitution, Rights, and History
. p. 307
. ???? ?-
2015-06-10
.
- ^
Kemp, Roger (2010).
Documents of American Democracy
. p. 59.
- ^
Hickey, Walter.
"The Most Liberal States In America"
.
businessinsider.com
. ???? ?-
4 ???? 2015
.
- ^
Page, Susan; Lawrence, Jill (
11 ????? 2004
).
"Does 'Massachusetts liberal' label still matter?"
.
USA Today
. ???? ?-
17 ???????? 2009
.
(?????? ???? ????, 21.1.2024)
- ^
"Mmassachusetts"
, Religious Landscape Study, Pew Research Center
- ^
"U.S. Census Bureau Data"
. U.S. Census Bureau. 2010. Retrieved 2011-07-13.
- ^
1
2
American FactFinder - Results
- ^
"Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2013"
(?????? ???? ????, 21.1.2024)
. census.gov. May 2014. Retrieved June 3, 2014.
- ^
"Table 1. Annual Estimates of the Population of Metropolitan and Micropolitan Statistical Areas: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2014"
(CSV).
2014 Population Estimates
. United States Census Bureau, Population Division. March 2015. Retrieved March 26, 2015.