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?'?'??? צ'צ'ניה ???? ??????   		????????? ??'?'??? ?? ???'???? הרפובליקה הצ'צ'נית של איצ'קריה ?'??? ??????
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לעריכה בוויקינתונים שמשמש מקור לחלק מהמידע בתבנית

?????? ???????'?'?? (? ????? : Чеченский конфликт , ???????: ?????? ??'?'??) ??? ????? ?? ???? ????, ?????? ?????, ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??'?'?? ?????? ??????????. ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? 1763, ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????-?'?'?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??'?'???, ?????? 1994 . [3] [4]

?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ? ??? ?-18 . ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ? ??????? ???????, ??? ? ???????? ????'????? , ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ? ????? ??'????? ????? ?? ??'?'??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?-1763 ????????? ???? ??????? ? ????? ?? ??? ???? 1817. ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??'?'??? ?? ?-1864. ????? ????? ??????? ?????? , ??'?'??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?-1921. ????? ????? ????? ?????? , ??'?'??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????????. ??????, ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? , ?? ????? ????? ?? 1957.

?????? ?????? ??? ??'?'??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? . ???? ???? ??????? ???????, ??????? ??'?'??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? 1991. ????? 1994 ???? ????? ?'?'??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????, ?????? ?????? ????? ??????. ???? 1999, ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?'?'??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????. ?????? 2017 ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??'?'??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????.

?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?'?'??? ????? ???? ? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? , ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????. [5] ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ? ????? ?? ????? ? ?????? ???? 1556, ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ? ??? , ???????? ????'????? ? ????? ???? . [6] ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?-18; ?? ???, ????? ???? ??? ?????? ? ??????? , ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ? ?'?'??? , ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????. [7] [8]

?-1774, ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? , ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????, ???? ????? , ????? ???? ????'?????. ??? ???? ????? ????, ???? 1783, ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ???????, ?? ???? ?? ??????? ? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ? ? ????????? ????. ??? ???? ?? ???????????? ??? ?????, ??????? ?????? , ?????? ?????, ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????, ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????. [9] ???????? ???, ?? ???, ?????? ?? ??'?'???, ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????????. [10]

?????? ?? ???????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????' ????? ?????????, 1785?1894 [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????' ?????

??????? ???? ???, ? ????' ????? , ? ????? ??'?'??, ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????. ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ????? 1785, ???? ??? ????? ????? ????. ???? ?????? ????? ??, ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????', ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??-??? ??? ??'?'??? ??????. ?????? ????? ???? ????, ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??'?'???, ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? 1791. ????? ?? ???? ?-1794. [11] [12]

???? 1801, ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?????. [13] ????? ????? ???, ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??'?'??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????. ?????? ???, ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????. ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? 1812 ????? ????? ?????-???? . [14]

???????? ??????? ????, 1817?1864 [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ????? ?? ????????, ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????, ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ???, ?????? ???????' ???????, ?????? ????? ???? ?????. ???? 1817, ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? . [15] ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????, ??? ???? ????? ??????, ????? ????????? ??????? ??????, ????? ?????? ????????, ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??'?'??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????. ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? 1827. [16] [17]

????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? 1828, ???? ???? ????? ?????????, ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? . ???? 1834 ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? "????? ????" ?? ?????. [18] ???? 1845 ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????. [18]

????? ????? ???? ?? 1853?1856, ??'?'??? ???? ? ??????? ????'????? ??? ?????. [18] ?? ???, ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?-1859. [19] ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? 1862 ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ??'?'??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????. [19] ?? ???, ?'?'??? ?????? ??????, ???? ???? ?????? , ????? ???? ????? ????? ???.

????? ??????? ??????? ????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ?????? , ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????. ???????? ?? 1921, ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????????. ????? ????? ????? ????, ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? 1921, ????? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????. ????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ???, ??? ??????? ?? ?? 1924 ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?????. [20] ????????? ???????-?'?'??? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ?-1934. ??????? ??? ??'?'??? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????????. ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? , ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????. [21]

????? ????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ?????? ???? ?????-??????? ????? 1941. ?? ?? ?????? ????????, ??'?'??? ?????? ???????? , ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????, ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???. [21] ?? ????? 1943, ???? ?????? ???????, ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??'?'??? ??????????? ???? ????? ??????. ??????? 1944, ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? , ???? ??? ?????? ?'?'??? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????. ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ? ?????? ? ????????? . [22] ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? 1953, ?????? ?????'?? ???? ??????, ???? ?? ???? ?????.

??????? ?????? (1958?1965) [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?-1957, ??'?'??? ????? ????? ??????. ????????? ???????-?'?'??? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????. [23] ???? 1958, ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????, ???? ????? ???? ??????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????, ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??'?'??? ??????????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? 4 ????. [24] ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? 1965 ???? ?? 16 ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? 185 ???, 19 ??? ?????? ???????. ????? 1960, ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??'?'??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ??? ????? ?? 1990.

????? ?????-??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ?'?'??? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?'?'?? ???? ?????, 1995

?-1991, ?'?'??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??'?'??? ?? ???'????. ?? ?? ?????? ???????, ?-1991 ?? 1994, ????? ???? ????? ????? ?'?'??? (????? ?????, ????????? ???????) ???? ?? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???-?'?'???. [25] [26] [27] ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??'?'???, ????????? ????????? ?? ???? ?'?'??? ???, ?'???? ?????? , ????????? ?? ???? ????? , ????? ????? [28] . [29] ????? ???? ????? ????? ? ?????? ?-1994 [30] , ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????????, ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??'?'??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????. [31] ?'?'??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?'?'??? ?????? ????? ?-1999. [32]

???? 1999, ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??'?'???, ?????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?'?'??? ??????? . [32] ?? ????? ???? ?-2000 ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?'?'??? ?? ???? 2009. [32] ????? ????? ???????, "???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??'?'??? ??? ????? ???? ?-1990, ?? ?? ??? ??????? ??????." [33]

??????? ??'?'??? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

עמוד ראשי
 ??? ?? ? ?????? ????? ??????

??? ??? ????? ?'?'??? ?????? ???? 2009, ????? ????? ??????? ?????, ?????? ??'?'???, ????????? ? ?????? . ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??'?'???, ??? ????? ?????? , ??? ???? ?-10 ????? 2006. [34] ???? ??? ??????, ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? 2013. [35] ???????? ??????????? ??'?'??? ?????????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????, [36] ????? ????? ?????? ???? 1999, [37] ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? 2002, [38] ???? ????? ???? 2004, ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? 2010 [39] ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?-2011. [40] [41] ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? 2015 ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????. ?????? 2021 ???? ??????, ???? ?????????? .

?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??-?????. ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? 60,000 ?'?'??? ????? ????? ????? ?'?'??? ??????? ? ?????? ????? 1990?2000 ???. [42] ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? 150,000 ?? 160,000 ???. [43]

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

  • אתר למנויים בלבד ???? ????, ?'?'???. ??? ????? , ???? ???? , 19 ???????? 2015
  • Dunlop, John B. (1998). Russia Confronts Chechnya: Roots of a Separatist Conflict . Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN   9780521636193 .
  • Crawford, Marisa; Rossiter, Graham (2006). Reasons for Living: Education and Young People's Search for Meaning, Identity and Spirituality . Aust Council for Ed Research. p. 99. ISBN   9780864316134 .
  • James, Patrick; Goetze, David (2001). Evolutionary Theory and Ethnic Conflict . Westport, Connecticut: Praeger. ISBN   9780275971434 .
  • Kempton, Daniel R.; Clark, Terry D. (2001). Unity or Separation: Center-Periphery Relations in the Former Soviet Union . Praeger. ISBN   978-0275973063 .
  • King, Charles (2008). The Ghost of Freedon: A History of the Caucasus . Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN   978-0-19-517775-6 .
  • Kumar, Rajan (2006). Ethnicity, Nationalism and Conflict Resolution: A Case Study of Chechnya . Gurgaon: Hope India. ISBN   9788178711195 .
  • Schaefer, Robert W. (2010). The Insurgency in Chechnya and the North Caucasus: From Gazavat to Jihad . ABC-CLIO. pp.  49?61 . ISBN   9780313386343 .
  • Shultz, Richard H. (2006). Insurgents, Terrorists, And Militias: The Warriors of Contemporary Combat . New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN   9780231129824 .
  • Smith, Sebastian (2005). Allah's Mountains: The Battle for Chechnya . Tauris Parke Paperbacks. ISBN   978-1850439790 .
  • Ware, Robert Bruce (2005). "A Multitude of Evils: Mythology and Political Failure in Chechnya". In Richard Sakwa (ed.). Chechnya: From Past to Future . London: Anthem Press. pp. 79?115. ISBN   1-84331-165-8 .
  • Daniel, Elton L. "Golest?n Treaty" . Encyclopædia Iranica . ???? ?- 10 ???????? 2013 . {{ cite encyclopedia }} : ( ???? )

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

  1. ^ Россия выиграла еще одну важнейшую битву
  2. ^ Глава ФСБ объявил о ликвидации бандподполья на Северном Кавказе
  3. ^ "Chronology for Chechens in Russia" . University of Maryland . ????? ?- ????? ?-2013-12-20 . ???? ?- 12 ????? 2013 . {{ cite web }} : ( ???? )
  4. ^ "Chechnya ? Narrative" (PDF) . University of Southern California . ????? ?- ????? (PDF) ?-2016-09-02 . ???? ?- 12 ????? 2013 . Russian military involvement into the Caucasus started early in the 18th century and in 1785?1791 the first major rebellion in Chechnya against the imperial rule took place. {{ cite web }} : ( ???? )
  5. ^ Schaefer 2010 , pp. 49?50.
  6. ^ Schaefer 2010 , pp. 51?54.
  7. ^ Schaefer 2010 , pp. 52?53.
  8. ^ Dunlop 1998 , pp. 4?6.
  9. ^ Schaefer 2010 , pp. 54?55.
  10. ^ Schaefer 2010 , pp. 55?57.
  11. ^ Schaefer 2010 , pp. 55?58.
  12. ^ Dunlop 1998 , pp. 10?13.
  13. ^ Dunlop 1998 , p. 13.
  14. ^ Schaefer 2010 , p. 58.
  15. ^ Shultz 2006 , p. 115.
  16. ^ Daniel , pp. 13?18.
  17. ^ Schaefer 2010 , pp. 58?61.
  18. ^ 1 2 3 Shultz 2006 , p. 116.
  19. ^ 1 2 Shultz 2006 , p. 117.
  20. ^ Shultz 2006 , p. 118.
  21. ^ 1 2 Shultz 2006 , p. 119.
  22. ^ Shultz 2006 , pp. 120?121.
  23. ^ Shultz 2006 , p. 121.
  24. ^ Seely, R. Russo-Chechen conflict, 1800-2000: a deadly embrace. Frank Cass Publishers. 2001.
  25. ^ O.P. Orlov; V.P. Cherkassov. "???? ???????" Россия ? Чечня: Цепь ошибок и преступлений (??????). Memorial . ????? ?- ????? ?-2017-02-09 . ???? ?- 2018-07-21 .
  26. ^ Kempton 2001 , p. 122.
  27. ^ Smith 2005 , p. 134.
  28. ^ Ware 2005 , pp. 79?87.
  29. ^ King 2008 , pp. 234?237.
  30. ^ Kumar 2006 , p. 61.
  31. ^ Kumar 2006 , p. 65.
  32. ^ 1 2 3 James 2001 , p. 169.
  33. ^ Naimark, Norman M. (2002). Fires of Hatred: Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-century Europe . Cambridge, Mass: Harvard Univ. Press. p. 106. ISBN   9780674009943 .
  34. ^ Basayev's Death Confirmed
  35. ^ US designates Caucasus Emirate leader Doku Umarov a global terrorist , Rogio Bill, Long War Journal
  36. ^ A history of terrorism out of Chechnya , Los Angeles Times
  37. ^ Feifer, Gregory ( 9 ??????? 2009 ). "Ten Years On, Troubling Questions Linger Over Russian Apartment Bombings" . RFE/RL . ???? ?- 13 ????? 2013 . {{ cite news }} : ( ???? )
  38. ^ Krechetnikov, Artem ( 24 ???????? 2012 ). "Moscow theatre siege: Questions remain unanswered" . BBC News . ???? ?- 13 ????? 2013 . {{ cite news }} : ( ???? )
  39. ^ "Chechen rebel claims Moscow attacks" . Al Jazeera . 31 ???? 2010 . ???? ?- 13 ????? 2013 . {{ cite news }} : ( ???? )
  40. ^ "Chechen terrorist claims responsibility for Domodedovo Airport bombing" . Russia Today . 8 ??????? 2011 . ???? ?- 13 ????? 2013 . {{ cite news }} : ( ???? )
  41. ^ "Chechen warlord Doku Umarov admits Moscow airport bomb" . BBC News. 8 ??????? 2011 . ???? ?- 13 ????? 2013 . {{ cite news }} : ( ???? )
  42. ^ Crawford & Rossiter 2006 , p. 99.
  43. ^ "Russia: Chechen Official Puts War Death Toll At 160,000" . Radio Free Europe. 16 ??????? 2005 . ???? ?- 4 ???????? 2017 . {{ cite news }} : ( ???? )
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