???? ????? ???????
(?
??????
:
Henry Lewis Stimson
;
21 ???????
1867
-
20 ????????
1950
) ???
???? ???
???????
???????
, ????? ?
????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????
?
????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????
????? ???? ???? ????
????? ?????
?
?????????
. ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????
????? ????? ??????
???? ????? ????? ??? ??????
???? ?????
??????? ????? ?? ?????.
??????? ???? ?
??? ????
?????? ????? ?????? ???????
?????? ???????????
. ??????? ???????? ??? ?
??? ????
, ?? ???? ???? ????? ?
??? ?????
. ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???????, ?? ??? ???? ?????
?????
. ???? 8, ???? 1875, ??? ????, ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?
??? ????
. ???? 13 ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?
???'????
[1]
. ????
1888
???? ?????? ???? ????? ?
????' ???
. ????
1890
??? ????? ?
??????
?? ???
?????????? ???????
?????? ????? ????? "Root and Clark", ????? ?? ???
?????? ???
[2]
. ????
1893
??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ????.
????
1906
???? ??????? ?? ???
???? ????? ?????
?????? ???????
????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????. ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????
1910
?????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?????
????
????? ??? ????
, ?? ?????.
?????
?????? ?????? ????
???? ?? ??????? ????
1911
????? ?????? ??????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????
?????? ???
. ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ????
1913
, ?? ???? ????
????? ????? ???????
???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??????
?????
?????? ??????? ??????. ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????
??? ????? ?????
?
????
, ?? ?????
????? ??????
???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????. ????? ???, ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????. ????? ??????, ????
1918
, ??? ??? ???? ??????.
????
1927
???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????
?????? ??????'
???? ???? ????? ????? ?
????????
[3]
, ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????. ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??
??????????
, ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? 1927 -
1929
. ?? ????? ?????
????? ????
??????? ?????? 1929 ??? ????? ???? ?
????? ?????
??? ????
????? ??????
?????? ?? ????? ????? ????
[4]
.
?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????
1929
?
1933
. ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??
?????? ?'??? ????? ???????
. ????
1932
???? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? "
??????? ???????
", ?????? ?????
???
?
???'????
, ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????. ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ???.
?????
1940
???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????, ??? ?????
??????? ????? ???????
. ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????
????? ?????
???????? ????? ?
????? ????? ??????
[5]
. ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????. ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ???????. ?? ???, ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????????
[6]
. ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????
???? ????
??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????
[7]
. ?????? 1941 ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ????
[8]
. ???? 1941 ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????
?? ????? ?????
?????? ????? ???? ????????. ??????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???????. ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????????
[9]
. ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????, ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????
[10]
.
??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????
1945
[11]
???? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????. ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????
???? ????
?????? ???????, ?????? ?????
???? ?????
, ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?????. ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?
?????? ????????
. ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????
????? ???????
??????? ???? ?
???? ?????????
.
??????? ???? ????
1950
.
???? ???? ???????
???? ????? ?????????? ???? ?? ???, ??? ?? ????? ?
?? ????????
.
?? ???????
, ??? ???? ?????? ?
??? ?????
, ????
????? ?????? ??????
, ?
???? ??????
, ?
?????
??????
??
????? ?????
, ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???????.
- ^
Sean Langdon Malloy,
Atomic Tragedy: Henry L. Stimson and the Decision to Use the Bomb Against Japan
, pages 14-15
- ^
Steven O'Brien,
American Political Leaders: From Colonial Times to the Present
, page 380
- ^
????? ??????? ?????????
,
???? ????
, 1 ???? 1927
- ^
?????' ???? ???? ?????
,
???? ????
, 25 ??????? 1929
????? ?? ?????
,
???? ????
, 22 ???? 1929
- ^
??????? ????? ????? ??????
,
?????
, 21 ????? 1940
???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????
,
?????
, 23 ????? 1940
- ^
???????: ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?"? ?????? ???? ????
,
???
, 3 ????? 1940
- ^
????? ??? 2 ?????????? ?????? 2 ????? ???
,
???
, 1 ??????? 1940
- ^
???? ????? ???????
,
?????
, 16 ???? 1941
- ^
???? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????
,
?????
, 8 ???? 1941
- ^
??? ???"? ???? ?-1943
,
???
, 15 ???????? 1942
- ^
???? ??????? ?????
,
????
, 19 ??????? 1945