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.
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. ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???. ???? ???? ??????? ???? 1912 ?? ??? ?
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, ????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????. ??? ?????? ???????
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???? ?????
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???? ????
]
.
????? ?????? ?"???????? ?????", ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????????, ??????? 1992, ????? ?
?????????
???????? ????? ????, ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?
???????
??????? - ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????, ?? 1925, ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?
????
. ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???????. ?????? ??????, ?????? ?? ????, ??? ?? ????????? ?????????
??? ????
, ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????.
[1]
??? ?? ??????, ?
?????
????? ????? ?????? ??, ????? ??? ??? ??? ???
???? ??????
?????.
?????? ???????? ?? 1914 ???? ??? ?????
????? ????? ???????
. ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?
?????? ?????????? ?????????
???? 1920
[2]
.
?????? ????? ???? ??????????? ??? ??? ?????
????? 1936 ??????
. ???? ????, ???? ?????? ??????? ???, ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?
????
, ???? ????? ?? ?
?????
????????, ?? ?? ?????
??????? ???????
. ????? ??, ????? ????
??? ???
?????? ???? ???? ????????. ????? ??? ??, ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?????. ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????. ????? ???????, ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????.
[3]
????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????.
?????? ????????? ????? ??
????? ??????
, ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????.
???? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???.
??? ????? ?
?????? ????????
, ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? (
????
,
??????
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??????
,
????????
?
??????
) ??? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????????. ?????? ?????? ??????, ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????.
[4]
???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? 1914. ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????:
???? ????????, ?????, ??? ????, ?????? ??? ????? ??????: ?????, ?????, ?????, ????? ?????; ????? ?????? ????? ??????, ????? ?????. (??????) ????? ??, ??? ????; ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????????, ???? ?????, ????? ???, ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ?????
?
??????, ?????? ??????, II, ??' 470, 1931
.
????? ??????, ??? ????? ?? ??????????, ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????.
???? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????
?????????? ????????
???????? ???????. ???? ???????, ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????
?????????? ????
. ???? 1977, ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ????????, ????? ??? ?? ??? ???????, ????
?????? ???
?
????? ????
????
?????? ?????????
??????????? ????????. ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????, ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????. ???? 57 ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ????. ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ????, ?? ?? 103, ?? ???? ????? ????????.
[5]
??? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ?
?????
,
??????
?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????.
???? ????? ????? ?-1920 ????, ???? ??? ???. ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????, ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????. ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? 1988, ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???????.
???? ????? ??????? ?
?????
, ?????
?????????? ????? ?? 1952
, ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????. ???, ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??
????? ????? ??????????
.
???? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????
?????
,
?????? ???????
, ?????
??????? ?????? ??
???? 1988. ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???????.
?? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??
?????? ???????
??? ???? ????, ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????, ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????. ????? ?????, ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????, ????? ??? ????? ????, ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????????:
- ????
????? ????? ??????
??? ????? ???????? ????????? ?
?????? ???????
??
?????? ???????
????? ????? ???. ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????, ?? ??? ?
?????????? ?????? (1956)
??????, ????? ???? ??????????? ???? ??? ???????
????? ???
. ??? ?????? ???
??? ??????
, ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????.
- ?-
1979
????? ????? ????????? ???? ?? ???????? ??
???
, ????? ?
???????
????? ??????? ??? "???" ??? ?????? ???, ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ???. ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????, ?? ????? ?????, ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???
?????????? ??? ???'?? (1984)
.
- ?????? ???? ?????? ??
?????????? ?????? (1980)
, ???
?????? ????????? ?????????
. 16 ???, ????
????????
,
??????
,
?????? ???????
,
?????
,
????
?
??????
????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????, ????????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????????.
- ???? ????? ???? ???????, ????? 12 ???????? ??????? ???? ?
????? ???
, ??? ???? ????????.
- ?????? ???????? ?????? ??
?????????
, ???? ???? ?????? ?
?????????? ??????? (1992)
, ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?
???????? ?????????
, ???? ????? ??? ???? ????????.
- ????? ?????? ??? ???????
???? ??????
, ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?
????????
???? ??. ??? ???????? ?????, ?? ??????
?????? ????? ????????
???
????
, ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???, ??? ???? ?? ?
?????????? ??????? (1994)
. ???? ????? ??? ??? ??????, ???? ?????? ?????? ??, ??????? ?
?????????? ?????? (1996)
.