?????.???
.Amazon.com Inc
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?????? ??????
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???
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???? ???????
(
????"?
AMZN)
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????"?
(
??? 1997
?
AMZN
)
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?'? ????
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1994
(??? ?????:
1995
) ? ????
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????? ?????
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???? ????????
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?????? ???????
|
Amazon Web Services
????? ?????
????? ?????
????? ???
????? ?????
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???? ???
|
1.94
???????
????
(12 ????? 2024)
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575 ??????? ???? (
2023
)
|
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???? ??????
|
12,248,000,000 ???? ??????? (???? ??2022)
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30.4 ??????? ???? (
2023
)
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??? ????
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138,245,000,000 ???? ??????? (???? ??31 ?????? 2021)
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??"?
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1,525,000 (
2023
)
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www
.amazon
.com
|
|
?????.??? ??"?
(?
??????
:
.Amazon.com Inc
;
????"?
:
AMZN
), ?????? ??? ??????
?????
, ??? ????
????????
?
???? ????????
???????
????? ???
. ????? ?????? ?
?????
,
?????????
, ????? ?-5 ?????
1994
. ??? ????? ??????? ?
????
?
???????
???????? ??????? ??????
?????
, ?? ????? ???? ????? ??
??????
,
?????
,
????? ??????????
,
?????
????. ?? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????.
?
???? ?????? ?? ???? ?-21
?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????. ????? ??? ??????
???? ?????? ?????????
??????, ?
????? ?????
(Kindle) ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????. ??? ?? ??? ??????
???? ?????????
?
????? ??????
????????
, ??? ????? ?????? ??????. ???
2006
?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???, ??? ?????? ??????
AWS
.
[1]
?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????
?????
, ???? ?-2021, ????? ??? ???? ?-11 ????? ????? ?
???????
.
[2]
?????? 2023, ?????? ????? ?-1,541,000 ?????? ????? ?????,
[3]
?
???? ????
??? ??? ?? ???????? ????.
[4]
?? ?? ???? ????? EMarketer, ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? 38% ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????.
[5]
????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?
??? ??
- ?????
?????????? ?????
??????? ????? ?????? ?????.
????? ????? ?? ???
?'? ????
????
1994
, ????? ??? Cadabra.com, ?? ??? ???? ????? ?-Amazon (?? ??
??? ????????
), ????? ???? ?-
1995
. ????????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????
????
,
??????
,
???????
,
????
,
??????
,
???????
,
????
,
???
?
???
.
????? ????? ???? ?????
???? ????-???
. ????? ????
2000
??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?-80 ??????? ????. ???? ??????? ????? ???? 2000 ???? ????? ?
???????? ??????
??? ??????? ???? ?-95.9 ????, ???? ?? 4.7 ???? ????? ?-17 ?????? 1999 ???? ?? 0.3 ???? ????? ?-28 ??????? 2001, ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? 72 ??????? ???? ????? ????????, ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??. ?? ???, ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????
2003
. ?-
2004
?????? ?????? ?-7 ???????
????
. ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?
????'? 500
.
????
1999
???? ????? ?? ????
IMDb
, ???? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?
??????
, ????????? ???? ?-
2008
?? ???
Box Office Mojo
. ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????.
????? ???? 2009, ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ????
Zappos
???? ????? ?? ?-1.2 ??????? ????.
[6]
????
2011
????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? "
The Book Depository
", ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????.
[7]
?-
2014
???? ?????
????? ??????
???
Fire Phone
.
[8]
??????? 2015 ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????, ?
?????????? ?????
.
[9]
?????? 2019 ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??
ICANN
?? ?????
????? ???????
.amazon
.
?-2 ??????? 2021 ????? ?'? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ????"? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? 2021,
[10]
?????? 2021 ???? ???"?
Amazon Web Services
,
???? ?'??
, ??????? ????"? ?????.
???? 2021 ?????? ????? ????? ??? 8.45 ??????? ???? ?? ??????
MGM
.
[11]
??????? 2022 ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????
iRobot
????? 1.7 ??????? ????. ????? ???? ????? ?? ???????.
[12]
????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????, ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??. ????
2000
????? ????? ????? ??????? ?
???? ?????
??? ????? ?
????????
, ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??. ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????
????????
-???????? ??? ?????? ?????, ????? ?????, ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????. ?? ???, ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ?????. ???? ???? 2019, ?-53% ??????? ??????? ??????, ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????.
[13]
???? ???? 2019 ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????, ???? 60% ?
???? ????
?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???,
????? ?????
, ???? ??? ?-49% ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????. ????? ?????? ?????? ?????,
?????
, ??????? ????? ?--7% ??? ???. ????????? ?????, ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????
??????
, ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ?????, ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?????.
[14]
[15]
???? ???? 2019 ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????, ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????,
[15]
????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???, ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????, ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???, ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??????, ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????, ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???,
[16]
???? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?????
???????????
???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ?????.
[17]
????? ?? ?
??? ????? ?'????
??????? ?????? 2020, ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????????. ?? ?? ??????, ????? "??????" ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? - ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? - ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????. ??, ??? ??????, ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????.
[18]
- ??? ????? ?
Amazon Web Services
??? ??? 2006 ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ???????
????? ???
????????, ?????? ????? ????? ?????? Amazon Web Services - AWS.
????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ??:
- Elastic Compute Cloud
????? ?? EC2 - ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??????. ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????.
- Simple Storage Service
????? ?? Amazon S3 - ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????.
- Simple DB
????? ?????
????? ??????
???? ????? ??????.
???? ???? 2019, ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????, ????
???????
,
????????
????. ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?-99% ???????, ?? ??? ?-AWS ?????, ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????.
[19]
????? ????? ?-AWS ???? 2018 ??? ???? ?-26 ??????? ??????. ???? ???? ??? 2019 ?????? ????? ?-45% ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????,
[20]
????? ???? ?
?????????
??????? 2019 ?????? ??-17%.
[19]
???????
2019
????? ???? ?
???? ?-JEDI
?? ????? ???? ??
????? ?????
???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????.
??????
????? ???? ?? ???? ?-21
????? ?? ?????? Fulfillment By Amazon (?????: FBA), ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????, ????? ?????? ???????.
[21]
???? ?-2013 ?????? ????? ???? ?-100 ????? ???? ????? ?????. ?????? 2013 ??? ?'? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????, ??????? ???? ??????
????? ????? ????
?
????? ????
.
[22]
???????? 2017 ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???, ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ????????
Fedex
?-
UPS
? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??????. ??? ????? ??
???????
, ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????.
[23]
??? ????
2018
????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? "
Amazon Go
".
?????? 2017 ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????
?????? ??????
???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????.
[24]
???? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????, ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ????. ???? ???? 2019, ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?-49%, ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????,
?????
, ??????? ????? ?-7% ??? ???.
[14]
????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????, ????? ???? ?
?????????
??????? ????? ?? ?-17%.
[19]
????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????, ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????.
[14]
????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ??????.
??? ???? 2000, ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????????, ?? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?
??????
???.
[13]
???? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ????, ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?-99% ???????, ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????, ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????.
[19]
?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???????
[
????? ??? ????
|
?????
]
??? ???? 1997 ????? ???? ???? ???? ?
?????
?? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?
??????
????? ????, ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????. ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????
??????
????? ??? ??????, ???? ???????? ????? ????. ??????, ?-17 ?
???????
???????? ???? ????? ?
???? ???????
?????? 2.8 ??????? ????, ??????, ?????? ?????? ?? ??? 2017 ??????? 1.6 ??????? ????, ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?-14 ????? ????? ???.
[25]
??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ????, ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????.
[25]
????, ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????, ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??????. ???? ????? ???????, ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????. ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?
???????
, ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????
Diapers.com
(
??'
)
. ?? ?????? ????? ????????, ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? 30%, ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? 30% ?????? ???????. ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? 3 ?????? ?-100 ?????? ????. Diapers.com ?? ???? ????? ?
?????
?????? ????, ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????.
[26]
[14]
????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?
??????
??? ????
?????
(
??'
)
, ??????? ??????.
[14]
???? ???? 2019, ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ???, ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???, ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? 99 ???? ???? ????? ?????, ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????. ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????
??? ??? ?????
, ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????.
[27]
????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????
[
????? ??? ????
|
?????
]
????? ????? ?? ???? ?????????, ??? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ??????, ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ???, ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??????. ??? ??? ?????? ????, ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????, ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????. ??????, ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????, ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????, ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????. ????? ?? ?????
?????????
??? ??-75% ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????, ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????????? ???, ??? ????? ??????, ???? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ????. ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??????, ?????, ?????? ??
?????
"?????? ?? ?????" ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????, ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???.
[15]
????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???, ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????, ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???, ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????.
[16]
???? 2017 ?????? ????? ?? ?
??? ???? ?'????
, ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????, ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?
??????
??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????????? ??
????? ????
?????? ?????? ??????? ????, ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????-???? ?
????????????
??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????. ?????? ???? ??????
??? ?????
??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????.
[28]
???? 2020 ??????
?????? ?????? ?????? ???????
?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?? ????, ?????? ?????? ?????
?????? ??????
?????? ?????.
[29]
????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???.
[30]
????? 2021 ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ?-746 ??????
????
, ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??
????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???????
.
[31]
??? ?? ???? ????. ???
????
?????????? ?
?????? ????
. ????? ?????? ????? ?
?? ?????
. ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????.
????? ????? ??????
[32]
????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???. ?-2011 ??????? ??
?? ??????? ???
(
??'
)
?????????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????, ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????, ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???. ?-2012 ?????? ????? ???? ?
?????
??? ??????
???? ?'???
(
??'
)
. ??????? 2013 ??? ?
??????? ?????
????? ???? ????????. ?-2013 ??? ???? ?? ?-
BBC
???? ???? ?????? ????????
??????
?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????.
[33]
??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???
????????
,
CBS
,
???? ???? ?????
?
???????
.
[34]
?????? ?????? ??????? 2017 ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????
???? ?????
????.
[35]
????? ?????? ???????? ?????, ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????, ???? ????? ???, ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????.
[36]
- ??? ????? ?
????? ?????
????? ??? ?????? ????? ??"?, ?????? ??? ??????
????? ?????
, ??? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????
2013
?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???. ????? ?????? ?
?? ????
????? ????? ???????. ????
???????
??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????????.
- ???? ????,
????? ??? ?? ???: ?'? ???? ??????? ?? ?????
,
??? - ????? ????
, 2014.
- ?????
, ????
Crunchbase
(???????)
- ?????
, ???? EDGAR ?? ?????? ?-
SEC
(???????)
- ?????????
,
20 ??? ?????? ????? - ????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????
, ????
TheMarker
, 30 ????? 2014
- ???? ???? ?????
,
???-???? ??? ?????: ???-??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????
, ????
TheMarker
, 16 ????? 2017
- ??? ??????
,
????? ????: ?'? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????
, ????
????
, 4 ??????? 2017
- ?'?? ?????'?,
?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????. ???? ???????
, ????
????
, 30 ?????? 2019
- ???? ????
,
???????, ?????? ???? ???????, ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????
, ????
????
, 15 ???? 2023
- ????? ???,
30 ??? ???? ?????, ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????
, ????
TheMarker
, 19 ??????? 2024
- ^
AWS Remains Dominant Despite Microsoft and Google Growth Surges
, Synergy Research Group, 3 ??????? 2016
- ^
Alexa Top 500 Global Sites
, www.alexa.com
- ^
Fourth Quarter Results
, 2 ??????? 2023, ???? ?????
- ^
Market capitalization of Amazon
, ???? companiesmarketcap.com
- ^
???? ???: ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?-38% ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????
, ???? savey.co.il
- ^
Amazon Closes Zappos Deal, Ends Up Paying $1.2 Billion
, TechCrunch
(??????? ????????)
- ^
???? ????,
???? ???????: ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ????
, ????
???????
, 4 ????? 2011
- ^
???? ???? ????? ????,
????? ????? ?? ???? ???: ????????? ?????? ???
, ????
???????
, 18 ????? 2014
- ^
???? ???? ?????? ???????,
????? ????? ??: ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????
, ????
???????
, 3 ??????? 2015
- ^
???? ?????,
?????: ?'? ???? ???? ?????? ????"?; ????? ???? ?????? - ???? ???????
, ????
???????
, 2 ??????? 2021
- ^
????? ???,
????? ????? ?? ?????? MGM ????? 8.45 ??????? ????
, ????
???????
, 26 ???? 2021
- ^
???? ??,
????? ????? ?? iRobot ????? 1.7 ??????? ????
, ????
ynet
, 5 ??????? 2022
- ^
1
2
?????? ???? ????,
????? ????? ?????? ? ??? ?'
, ???? ????? ?????????, ???? 26:10-24:22
- ^
1
2
3
4
5
?????? ???? ????,
????? ????? ?????? ? ??? ?'
, ???? ????? ?????????, ???? 15:27-10:22
- ^
1
2
3
?????? ???? ????,
????? ????? ?????? ? ??? ?'
, ???? ????? ?????????, ???? 12:05-1:41
- ^
1
2
?????? ???? ????,
????? ????? ?????? ? ??? ?'
, ???? ????? ?????????, ???? 15:39-14:01
- ^
Lina M. Khan,
Amazon’s Antitrust Paradox
, www.yalelawjournal.org, 2017
- ^
???? ????,
????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????
, ????
???????
, 26 ?????? 2020
- ^
1
2
3
4
?????? ???? ????,
????? ????? ?????? ? ??? ?'
, ???? ????? ?????????, ???? 10:05-8:20
- ^
???????
,
?????? ?? ?'? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? - ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???
, ????
TheMarker
, 3 ??????? 2021
- ^
????? ???? ???,
???? ?????
, ????
???????
, 2 ????? 2016
- ^
???? ????????,
????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????
, ????
Gadgety
, 2 ?????? 2013
- ^
???? ????,
????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?-UPS
, ????
???????
, 6 ???????? 2017
- ^
??? ??? ?????? ??????: "????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????"
, ????
TheMarker
, 1 ?????? 2017
- ^
1
2
?????? ???? ????,
????? ????? ?????? ? ??? ?'
, ???? ????? ?????????, ???? 8:00-5:51
- ^
???? ????,
???? ???? ??????????: ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????
, ????
???????
, 30 ????? 2020
- ^
?????? ???? ????,
????? ????? ?????? ? ??? ?'
, ???? ????? ?????????, ???? 22:52-21:19
- ^
???? ????,
?????: ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????
, ???? ????? ?????????
- ^
??? ???????, ?
?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????
, ???? "
????? ???????
", 10 ??????? 2020
- ^
Charlotte Crawford,
Technology Producers Use Of Language And Discourse To Shape And Reinstate Anti-Black Global Realities: An Analysis Of Amazon’s Facial Recognition Technology Communications And Responses To Racial Bias In Rekognition
, dx.doi.org, 2021-05-22
- ^
???????
,
????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? - ?????? ????? ??? ?? 888 ?????? ????
, ????
TheMarker
, 30 ????? 2021
- ^
Kantor, Jodi; Weise, Karen; Ashford, Grace (2021-06-15).
"The Amazon That Customers Don't See"
.
The New York Times
(??????? ????????).
ISSN
0362-4331
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2021-07-04
.
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Amazon Will Pay a Whopping $0 in Federal Taxes on $11.2 Billion Profits
, Fortune
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