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Austin
) ???
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?? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???? 2019, ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? 978,908 ?????, ??? ????? ???? ???? ?-11 ?????? ?
????? ?????
????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? 2000 ?-2006.
[1]
???? ???? ?????? ?-1839, ???? ????? ????? ????? ????, ??????? ????? ???? ??????. ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????
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1845
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1861
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1870
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???? ?-70 ?? ???? ?-20
???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????, ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ????
????? ??? ???
?-
???? ?????
.
?-2012 ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?-
FBI
???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????.
[2]
??"? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????
???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? 2017 ? -2018. ???? 2016 ???? ?????
?????
??
?????? ???? 1 ?????? "??? ?????", ??? ???? 2017 ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? "??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????".
[3]
?????, ???? 2017,?????
?????
?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? 2 ???? "????? ???????? ?????? ?????". WalletHub ????? ?? ?????? ????? 6 ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? 2017.
?????? ??? ???? ??????, ?????? ????? ????. ?????? ????? 230 ?????? ??????-?????? ?
??????
, 290 ?"? ?????? ?
?????
?? -120 ?"? ??????-?????? ?
?? ???????
.
?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??
??? ???????
, ?? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????: ????? ???? ???? (????? ???? ??? ????), ??? ?????? (????? ????? ?? ???
?????
????? ??? ????????), ??? ????? ?. ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?
???? ????
?? ???. ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????.
????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 130 ??? ?? -1,000 ??? (305 ?') ??? ??? ???. ??? ???? ????? ???? ????, ?? ?????? ???? ????, ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ????. ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??????, ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???????????, ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????. ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????, ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????.
?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????
?????? ?????????
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???? ????
???? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????, ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????, ??????, ?????? ???? ????. ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?
????????
, ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????. ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??
???? ??
??????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????.
?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ????-???? ?????? ??????? ???????, ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????-???? ??????. ??????, ?
?????????
???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????. ?????, ??????? ?? ?????
????????
?? ??? ????? ?????? Koppen. ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????, ?????? ????? ?????, ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????. ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? 87.32 ????' (872 ?"?) ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????, ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????. ??? ????? ??? ????? ????, ?? 2,650 ????, ?? 60.3% ???? ?? ??? ????? ????.
?????? ??????? ???? ????, ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?-34?36 ????? ?????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ?-32 ????? ?????? ? -116 ??? ????, ????? 18 ??? ?????? ?-38 ????? ??????. ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? 44 ????? ?????? ??????? ?-5 ??????? 2000 ??28 ??????? 2011. ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???, ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????. ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????, ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????, ?????. ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????, ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??????, ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?'??????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?
???? ??????
.
??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????, ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? "?????? ??????". ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? 20 ????? ??????. ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? 19 ????? ???? ????? ???? ? -7 ????? ?????? ????? 88 ????? ????, ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????. ????? ???, ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????. ??????, ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? 21 ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ? -25 ????? ??????. ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?19 ????? ?????? ?-31 ?????? 1949. ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? 24 ?? 48 ????. ???? ?????? ????? 0,04 ????' ??? ?-24 ?????? 2014, ??? 278 ????????? ??? ?????. ????? ????, ??? ??? ????? ???? ???????. ????? ??? ????? 2 ?"? ?-4 ??????? 2011, ??? ????? ? -300 ????????? ???. ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?-7 ?????? 2017, ?? ???? 1.3 ????' ???????-????????. ??? ????? ????????.
???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????, ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????. ?? ?? ????? ????????, ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????, ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ???, ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????. ?? ???, ????? ????? ???? ? / ?? ????? ?????-?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????, ?? ????? ????? ??????, ?????, ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????.
???????? 2010 ?? ?????? 2011 ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???. ??????? ?????, ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????, ????? ?? "??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????, ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????."
????? 2018 ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???'??. ???? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ?????. ??? ???????? 22?28 ???????? 2018, ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????, ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????, ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???, ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????. ??????? ????, ????? ???? ????, ?? ????? ???? ?? 300 ??????
????
??? ????, ?? ??? ?
??????
?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ? -105 ?????? ???? ???? ????; ????? ?????? ???? ?????? 120 ?????? ???? ??? ????, ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??????.
???? ????
2010
:
????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? 2000, ??? ??656,562 ?????, 265,649 ???? ???, ??141,590 ?????? ????????? ????. ?????? ?????????? ??? 2,610.4 ?????? ???????? ???? (1,007.9 / ?"?
2
). ??? 276,842 ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? 1,100.7 ???????? ???? (425.0 / km
2)
). ??? 265,648
???? ???
????? 26.8% ???? ????? ???? ???? 18 ????? ????, 38.1% ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???, 10.8% ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????, ??46.7% ??? ?? ??????. 32.8% ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? -4.6% ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? 65 ?????. ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? 2.40 ????? ?????? ?????? 3.14.
???? ?????? ?????????? ?? 22.5% ???? ???? 18, 16.6% ??? 18 ? 24, 37.1% ? 25 ? 44, 17.1% ??? 45 ? 64 ? 6.7% ???? ??? 65 ?????. . ???? ??????? ??? 30 ???. ??? 100 ????? ??? 105.8 ?????.
???? ????? ??, ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? 42,689 ????, ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? 54,091 ????. ?????? ????? ??????? ?? $ 35,545 ????? $ 30,046 ?????. ?????? ???? ???? ????? 24,163 ????. ??9.1% ???????? ? -14.4% ??????????? ??? ???? ??? ?????, ???? 16.5% ??????? ???? ???? 18 ?- 8.7% ???? 65 ?????. ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? 185,906 ???? ???? 2009 ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? 2004.
???? ????? ?
?????????? ????
???? 2014 ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? 2000 ? -2010. ?????????? ????? ???-??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ? 50% ???? 2005. ?????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ????.
?? ?? ??? ????
?????
? -2014, ?????? ??? ?? 5.3% ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?
??????
,
???????
,
??????????
??
?????'?????
. ?????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????.
?? ?? BestPlaces ?? ???????, 52.4% ?????????? ?????? ?? ?????. ?????? ????? ?
??????
, ? -25.2% ??? ???? ????????? ???????
???????
, ??? ???? ???? ???????????? ?????? ?????. ?????????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????, ?????? ??????? ??? ???. ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????
????????
(8.7%), ???????
?????????
(4.3%),
????????
(1.5%), ?????????? ?? ????????? (1.0%), ??????? (0.8%), ???????????? (0.6%),
??????????
(0.3%) ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ??????? (7.1%).
??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?
?????
(1.7%). ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?
????
. ????? ????? ????? ???????, ????? ???? 1977, ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????. ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????. ???? ????? ???? ??
???? ???????
??????
???????
,
??????
, ?
?????????
?????? 0.9% ???? ?????????? ????? ?? ????. ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????, ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????. ?
?????
?? ???? ? 0.1% ?? ?????????? ?????? ???????.
???? ???? 2019, ??? 2,255 ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??????. ????? 1,169 ??? ??????? ? -1,086 ?? ??? ??????. ??????? 2019 ????? ????? ???? ?????? 62.7 ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ???, ??????? ????? ????? ????, ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????. ????? ???? ????? ?? 500,000 ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????.
????? 2019, ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????, ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? 25 ???? ?? ??????, ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???????. ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????. ?????? ??????? 2019, ???? ????
??? ????
??? ???? ???? ???????
???? ????
?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????. ?-17 ???????? 2019 ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????, ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????. ??????? 2019, ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????.
???? ??? 39 ???? ??? ???? 2016, ??? ???? ??? 1997.
?????? ????????? ?? ??FBI ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? 2015, ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????. ???? ????-????? ????,?? ????, ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???? 2016.
??? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ?-1 ??????? 1966, ?? ??? ????? ????? ? -43 ?????, ???? 13 ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ????. ????? ?? ????? ????? ????
SWAT
.
?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? (??"?) ?? 86 ??????? $ ???? 2010. ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????. ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????. ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??
?????
???? ?? ????????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? 2012 ???? ????? ???? ??WSJ Marketwatch ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????. ?? 2013 ????? ?????? ????? ? -14 ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????
?? ?????.
?????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???-?? ?????, ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ?
???-???
???? ???? ??????.
????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? (????? ???? ??????) ??????? ?????, ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????. ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?
???? ??
?????? ?-
6 ???????
2012
. ?? ??, ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????. ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?
??????
2014
.
?????? ???? ???????, ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????. ??? ?
???? ?-70 ?? ???? ?-20
???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?
????? ?????????
, ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ?
????? ???????????
. ???? ????
2017
, ???? 15
?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????
????
1960
??? ?? (??? ?????? ??????? ????
2004
?????), ?????? ????????? ????? ?-12 ??????, ????? 3 ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????, ??????-
???? ?????
???? ?-10.4% ?
?????? 2000
.
?
?????? ??????? 2016
?????? ???? ???????, ????? ?? ??? ??????, ????
????? ???????
(?') ????? ?? 38.9 ?????? (66.3% ? 27.4%).
????
2003
???? ?????? ???? ?
??? ???????
?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????.
"???? ?? ?????? ?????" ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????, ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????. ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??????, ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ?? ?? ????
"??? ?????" ?
-2010, ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????, ?? ??????', ?????, ???? ??????, ???? ??????? ?"?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???". ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????, ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????. ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????, ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???????.
?? ?? ???? ?????, ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????. ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ????. ?????? ????? ????? 2 ????? ???? ?????? ?"?????? ?????? ????? ?????" ?? ??? ?????
Money
???? 2006, ????? 3 ???? 2009, ??? "???? ?????? ????? ???????" ?? ???
msn
. ???? 2008, ?????
?????? ?????
???? ?? ?????? ???? 1 ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????, ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???????.
????
191
???? ????
??????? ?????? ???????
.
???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ??? (?? ?????? ???? ?????) ??
??????
?????
??? ???????
(
Tadarida brasiliensis
) ??????? ???? ???? ?
?????
??????? ???? -
??? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ???'???
(
??'
)
. ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??. ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?"?
????? ????
?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????????, ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????????. ???? ??????? ???? ?
??????? ????????
?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ????, ???? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?
?????
, ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????.
- ????????
??????
,
????????
(??
1983
)
- ?????
????? ?????
,
?????
- ??????
??????
,
??????
(??
1991
)
- ???
????
,
???
(??
1981
)
- ?????
????
,
?????
(??
1978
)
- ???
??????
,
???
- ??????
?????
,
??????
- ???????
????'???
,
???????
(???
1986
)
- ??????
?????
,
??????
(??
2000
)
- ?????? ???????
???????????
,
?????? ???????
(??
2001
)
- ????????? ?????? ?? ???
?????????????
,
????????? ?????? ?? ???
(??
1997
)
- ??????
??????
,
??????
(??
2009
)
- ??????
??????
,
??????
- ????
???'?
,
????
(??
2011
)
|
|
|
?????
|
??
|
?????
|
?????????
|
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|
??
|
?????
|
?????????
|
|
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|
1
|
??? ????
|
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|
8,467,513
|
11
|
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|
????
|
964,177
|
?????
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|
2
|
??? ???'??
|
?????????
|
3,849,297
|
12
|
?'????????
|
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|
954,614
|
3
|
?????
|
???????
|
2,696,555
|
13
|
???? ????'
|
????
|
935,508
|
4
|
??????
|
????
|
2,288,250
|
14
|
????????
|
?????
|
906,528
|
5
|
??????
|
???????
|
1,624,569
|
15
|
????????????
|
????????
|
882,039
|
6
|
????????
|
?????????
|
1,576,251
|
16
|
??????
|
???????? ???????
|
879,709
|
7
|
?? ???????
|
????
|
1,451,853
|
17
|
?? ????????
|
?????????
|
815,201
|
8
|
?? ?????
|
?????????
|
1,381,611
|
18
|
?????
|
?????????
|
733,919
|
9
|
?????
|
????
|
1,288,457
|
19
|
?????
|
???????
|
711,463
|
10
|
?? ????
|
?????????
|
983,489
|
20
|
???????? ????
|
????????
|
687,725
|