Christopher Columbus
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?an Adam
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Bayanai
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Jinsi
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namiji
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?asar asali
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Republic of Genoa
(en)
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Mubaya'a
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Crown of Castile
(en)
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Sunan asali
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Cristoforo Colombo
da
Christoffa Corombo
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Sunan haihuwa
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Christophorus Columbus
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Suna
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Cristoforo
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Sunan dangi
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Colombo
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Shekarun haihuwa
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1451, 1451, 1450, 31 Oktoba 1451 da 1 Satumba 1451
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Wurin haihuwa
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Genoa
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Lokacin mutuwa
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20 Mayu 1506 da 19 Mayu 1506
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Wurin mutuwa
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Valladolid
(en)
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Dalilin mutuwa
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Gazawar zuciya
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Wajen rufewa
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Catedral de Sevilla
(en)
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Uba
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Domenico Colombo
(en)
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Uwa
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pep
(en)
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Dangi
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Bartholomew Columbus
(en)
da
Diego Colombos
(en)
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Mata/miji
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Filipa Moniz Perestrelo
(en)
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Abokin mara aure
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Beatriz Enriquez de Arana
(en)
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Yarinya/yaro
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Ferdinand Columbus
da
Diego Columbus
(en)
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Iyali
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Columbus Family
(en)
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Significant person
(en)
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Juan Perez
(en)
da
Antonio de Marchena
(en)
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Harsuna
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Yaren Sifen
da
Italiyanci
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Sana'a
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mabudi
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sailor
(en)
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seafarer
(en)
,
traveler
(en)
da
inventor
(en)
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Filin aiki
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sea shipping
(en)
,
marine transportation
(en)
da
seamanship
(en)
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Mu?amin da ya ri?e
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profanador
(en)
da
Viceroy of the Indies
(en)
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Addini
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Cocin katolika
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Religious order
(en)
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Third Order of Saint Francis
(en)
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Military rank
(en)
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admiral
(en)
da
almirante de la mar Oceana
(en)
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Military unit
(en)
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Columbus' fleet
(en)
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Mamba na
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Columbus Conquistador of America
(en)
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Influenced by
(en)
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Pierre d'Ailly
(en)
,
Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli
(en)
,
Ptolemy
(en)
,
Marco Polo
da
John Mandeville
(en)
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Present in work
(en)
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Christophe Colomb
(en)
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Copyright status as a creator
(en)
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copyrights on works have expired
(en)
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Documentation files at
(en)
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SAPA Foundation, Swiss Archive of the Performing Arts
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Christopher Columbus
[lower-alpha 1]
(/k??l?mb?s/;
[1]
an haife shi a tsakanin 25 ga watan Agusta da 31 ga watan Oktoba na shekara ta alif ?ari 1451) Miladiyya. ya mutu a ranar 20 ga watan Mayu na shekara ta alif 1506) Miladiyya.Dan Italiyanci ne
[lower-alpha 2]
mai bincike kuma mai navigator. Wanda ya kammala tafiye-tafiye guda hu?u a cikin tekun Atlantika wanda sarakunan Katolika na Spain suka dauki nauyinsa, wanda ya bude hanya ga yaduwar binciken Turai da kuma mulkin mallaka na Amurka. Balaguronsa sune farkon sanannun tuntu?ar Turai tare da Caribbean, Amurka ta Tsakiya, da Kudancin Amurka.
Sunan
Christopher Columbus
shi ne anglicisation na Latin
Christophorus Columbus
. Masana gaba?aya sun yarda cewa an haifi Columbus a Jamhuriyar Genoa kuma yana magana da yare na Ligurian a matsayin harshensa na farko. Ya tafi teku tun yana ?arami kuma ya yi tafiye-tafiye da yawa, har zuwa arewa da tsibirin Biritaniya da kuma kudu zuwa ?asar
Ghana
a yanzu. Ya auri mace mai daraja ta Fotigal Filipa Moniz Perestrelo, wadda ta haifi ?ansa Diego, kuma ya kasance a Lisbon shekaru da yawa. Daga baya ya ?auki farka na Castilian, Beatriz Enriquez de Arana, wanda ya haifi ?ansa, Fernando (wanda aka ba shi azaman Hernando).
Babban mai ilimin kansa, Columbus ya kasance ?wararren mai ilimin ?asa, ilmin taurari, da tarihi. Ya ?ullo da wani shiri na neman hanyar yammacin teku zuwa Gabashin Indiya, yana fatan samun riba daga cinikin kayan yaji. Bayan Ya?in Granada, da kuma bin ?orewa na Columbus a cikin masarautu da yawa, Sarakunan Katolika Sarauniya Isabella I da Sarki Ferdinand II sun yarda da ?aukar nauyin tafiya yamma. Columbus ya bar Castile a watan Agusta 1492 tare da jiragen ruwa guda uku kuma ya yi ?asa a cikin Amurka a ranar 12 ga watan Oktoba, wanda ya kawo ?arshen zaman ?an adam a cikin Amurkan yanzu ana kiransa zamanin pre-Columbian. Wurin saukarsa tsibiri ne a
cikin Bahamas
, wanda mazaunansa suka fi sani da Guanahani. Daga baya ya ziyarci tsibiran da a yanzu ake kira
Cuba
da Hispaniola, inda ya kafa mulkin mallaka a ?asar Haiti a yanzu. Columbus ya koma Castile a farkon 1493, yana kawo adadin mutanen da aka kama tare da shi. Nan da nan maganar tafiyar tasa ta bazu cikin Turai.
Columbus ya kara tafiye-tafiye guda uku zuwa Amurka, yana binciken ?ananan Antilles a 1493,
Trinidad
da arewacin bakin tekun Kudancin Amirka a 1498, da gabashin Gabashin Amurka ta Tsakiya a 1502. Yawancin sunayen da ya ba wa yanayin ?asa, musamman tsibirai, har yanzu ana amfani da su. Ya kuma ba da sunan
indios
("Indiyawa") ga 'yan asalin da ya ci karo da su. Ba a da tabbas gwargwadon yadda yake sane da cewa Amerikawa yanki ne daban-daban; bai taba yin watsi da imaninsa a fili cewa ya isa Gabas mai Nisa ba. A matsayinsa na gwamna mai mulkin mallaka, mutanen zamaninsa sun zarge Columbus da mummunar zalunci kuma ba da da?ewa ba aka cire shi daga mukamin. Dangantakar da Columbus ta yi da Crown of Castile da masu mulkin mallaka da aka nada a Amurka ya kai ga kama shi da kuma cire shi daga Hispaniola a 1500, daga baya kuma ya tsawaita shari'a kan abubuwan da shi da magadansa suka yi i?irarin cewa kambi ya bi su.
Balaguron na Columbus ya ?addamar da wani lokaci na bincike, mamayewa, da mulkin mallaka wanda ya da?e tsawon ?arni, don haka ya kawo Amurkawa cikin tasirin Turai. Canja wurin kayayyaki, ra'ayoyi, da mutane tsakanin Tsohuwar Duniya da Sabuwar Duniya wa?anda suka biyo bayan tafiyarsa ta farko ana kiranta da musayar Columbian. An yi bikin Columbus a ko'ina cikin ?arni bayan mutuwarsa, amma fahimtar jama'a ta wargaje a ?arni na 21 yayin da masana suka ba da kulawa sosai ga illolin da aka yi a ?ar?ashin mulkinsa, musamman farkon raguwar Tainos 'yan asalin Hispaniola da ke haifar da zalunci da Tsohuwar Duniya. cututtuka, da kuma ta wannan
bautar
da mutane. Wurare da yawa a Yammacin Duniya suna ?auke da sunansa, ciki har da ?asar
Colombia
,
Gundumar Columbia
, da kuma British Columbia.
?uruciyar ta Columbus ba ta da tabbas, amma masana sun yi imanin an haife shi a Jamhuriyar Genoa tsakanin 25 ga watan Agusta zuwa 31 ga watan Oktoba 1451. Mahaifinsa shi ne Domenico Colombo, mai sa?a ulu wanda ya yi aiki a Genoa da Savona kuma wanda ya mallaki kullun cuku wanda matashi Christopher yayi aiki a matsayin mataimaki. Mahaifiyarsa ita ce Susanna Fontanarossa.
Yana da 'yan'uwa uku-Bartolomeo, Giovanni Pellegrino, da Giacomo (wanda ake kira Diego)-da kuma 'yar'uwa mai suna Bianchinetta.
?an uwansa Bartolomeo ya gudanar da taron bitar zane-zane a
Lisbon
na a?alla wani ?angare na girmansa.
Yarensa na asali ana tsammanin yaren Genoese ne duk da cewa Columbus bai ta?a yin rubutu a cikin wannan yaren ba.
Sunansa a cikin yaren Genoese na ?arni na 16 shine
Cristoffa Corombo
(lafazin Ligurian pronunciation:). Sunansa a cikin
Italiyanci
Cristoforo Colombo
, kuma a cikin Mutanen Espanya
Cristobal Colon
.
A daya daga cikin rubuce-rubucensa, ya ce ya tafi teku yana dan shekara sha hudu.
A cikin shekarar 1470, dangin Colombo sun ?aura zuwa Savona, inda Domenico ya kar?i gidan abinci. Wasu marubutan zamani sun yi jayayya cewa ba daga Genoa yake ba amma, a maimakon haka, daga yankin Aragon na
Spain
ko daga
Portugal
.
[5]
Wa?annan hasashe masu fa'ida gaba?aya an rage su daga manyan malamai.
A cikin shekarar 1473, Columbus ya fara karatunsa a matsayin wakilin kasuwanci ga mawadata Spinola, Centurione, da Di Negro na Genoa. Daga baya, ya yi tafiya zuwa Chios, tsibirin Aegean da Genoa ke sarauta a lokacin.
A cikin watan Mayu na shekara ta 1476, ya shiga cikin ayarin motocin da Genoa ta aika don ?aukar kaya masu daraja zuwa arewacin Turai. Wata?ila ya ziyarci
Bristol
, Ingila, da Galway, Ireland,
[7]
inda wata?ila ya ziyarci Cocin St. Nicholas Collegiate. An yi hasashen cewa shi ma ya tafi
Iceland
a shekara ta 1477, kodayake masana da yawa suna shakkar hakan. An san cewa a cikin kaka na 1477, ya tashi a wani jirgin ruwa na Portuguese daga Galway zuwa Lisbon, inda ya sami ?an'uwansa Bartolomeo, kuma suka ci gaba da ciniki ga dangin Centurione. Columbus ya kafa kansa a Lisbon daga 1477 zuwa 1485. A cikin shekarar 1478, Centurones sun aika Columbus a kan balaguron siyan sukari zuwa Madeira. Ya auri Felipa Perestrello e Moniz, 'yar Bartolomeu Perestrello, ?an ?asar Portugal ?an asalin Lombard, wanda ya kasance kyaftin ?in bayar da gudummawa na Porto Santo.
- ↑
In other relevant languages:
- ↑
The modern state of Italy had yet to be established; most scholars believe that Columbus was born in the
Republic of Genoa
.
[2]
- ↑
"Columbus"
.
- ↑
Flint, Valerie I.J. (16 May 2021).
"Christopher Columbus"
.
Encyclopedia Britannica
(in Turanci)
. Retrieved
2 January
2022
.
- ↑
(in Portuguese)
"Armas e Trofeus."
- ↑
(Iain ed.).