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- ↑
???
???
TABNAK? ?????? | (
????/??/?? - ??:??
).
≪?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????≫
.
fa
. ?????????? ??
2024-03-30
.
- ↑
"List of commanders in the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I"
[???? ????????? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ???] (?? ???????).
- ↑
?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????
- ↑
?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????
- ↑
?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ????
- ↑
????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????: (????? ???? ???) ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? (??????? ? ?????)? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ? ??
- ↑
????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ????
- ↑
????? ????? ????? ????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? (???? ?????? ??? ? ?????)? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ? ???
- ↑
??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???
- ↑
?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????
- ↑
????? ????? ????? ????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? (???? ?????? ??? ? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ? ???
- ↑
??????????? ??????
(
????
).
????? ??? ?? ??????
. ?????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ????? ???????. ?????:
??? ??
.
????
???-???-???-???-?
.
- ↑
???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????: ??????? ????? - ???????? ????? ? ?????? ? ??? ? ???? ???? - ????? ???????? ??? ???
- ↑
?????
?????? ???????
. ???? ?????. ???????? ????? ????
- ↑
≪????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? IICHS≫
.
www.iichs.org
. ?????????? ??
????-??-??
.
- ↑
?????? ??????? ?????? ???? (
????
). ≪??????? ??? ?????≫.
?????: ??? ????
:
?? - ??
.
- ↑
???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????: ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ? ????????? ????? ???- ???
. ?? ???? ????? ??????.
- ↑
????
????
????
????
????
??????? ??????? ???? ???????
. ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????: ?????????????
- ↑
≪????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? - ?????≫
.
www.irna.ir
. ?????????? ??
????-??-??
.
- ↑
Foundation? Encyclopaedia Iranica.
≪Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica≫
.
iranicaonline.org
(?? ???????)
. ?????????? ??
????-??-??
.
- ↑
????
????
??????? ???
?
????? ???????? ????.
????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????:????? ????: ????????????
- ↑
Majd, Mohammad Gholi (2003).
Persia in World War I and Its Conquest by Great Britain
. University Press of America.
ISBN
0-7618-2678-5
.
- ↑
?????? ????.
≪????? ?? ??? ????? ???≫
. ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????. ??????????? ??
????
?? ?? ?????? ????
. ?????????? ??
? ?? ????
.
- ↑
??????? ????????? (
???? ????
).
≪??? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? (? ??? ???? ? / ?? ????? ???? ??.?)≫
(PDF)
.
??????? ??????? ??????
. ????? ??????? ? ????????? ?????. ??? ? (??):
?????
.
????
???X-????
.
- ↑
????? ?????????????.
≪?????????? ?????? ? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???≫
.
?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????
. ????? ??????? ? ????????? ?????
. ?????????? ??
? ?? ????
.
- ↑
farhikhtegandaily.
≪??? 1917? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????≫
.
????????? ??????
. ?????????? ??
????-??-??
.
- ↑
≪????? ?? ??? ????? ???≫
.
??????? ?????????? ?????
. ????? ??????? ? ????????? ????? (??).
???? ????
. ?????????? ??
? ?? ????
.
- ↑
?????? ?????????
(
????
). ≪??? ????? ???≫.
[[???????? ???? ?????]]
. ???? ????. ?. ??. ?????:
????? ???????????? ??????
.
????
???-???-???-?
. ?????????? ??
? ?? ????
.
- ↑
??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?24? 25
.
- ↑
?????? ????????? (
?????? ????
).
≪??? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ? ???????? ??≫
(PDF)
.
??????? ??????? ?????
.
????-??????
. ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????. ??? ? (??):
???????
.
????
2008-3122
.
- ↑
Hurdle, Fernando.
"Research Guides: Czar Nicholas II: Topics in Chronicling America: Introduction"
.
guides.loc.gov
(?? ???????)
. Retrieved
2022-09-04
.
- ↑
"Nicholas II | Biography, Wife, Abdication, Death, & Facts | Britannica"
.
www.britannica.com
(?? ???????)
. Retrieved
2022-09-04
.
- ↑
≪Biography of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia≫
.
www.saint-petersburg.com
. ?????????? ??
????-??-??
.
- ↑
≪British Library≫
.
www.bl.uk
. ??????????? ??
????
?? ? ??????? ????
. ?????????? ??
????-??-??
.
- ↑
≪BBC - History - Historic Figures: Nicholas II (1868-1918)≫
.
www.bbc.co.uk
(?? ???????)
. ?????????? ??
????-??-??
.
- ↑
≪IRIB - History Calendar Show Text≫
.
iribresearch.ir
. ??????????? ??
????
?? ? ??????? ????
. ?????????? ??
????-??-??
.
- ↑
≪????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????(???? ?????)≫
.
????????
.
????-??-??
. ?????????? ??
????-??-??
.
- ↑
≪Magiran | ??????? ????? ?????? (1389/06/03): ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???≫
.
www.magiran.com
. ?????????? ??
????-??-??
.
- ↑
≪????? ? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????≫
.
???????? ??????
. ?????????? ??
????-??-??
.
- ↑
≪?????? ??? ? ??? ????? ???? ???≫
.
???????? ??????
. ?????????? ??
????-??-??
.
- ↑
Grigoris Palak?ean (2009).
Armenian Golgotha: A Memoir of the Armenian Genocide, 1915-1918
.
Vintage Books
. pp. 446, 447.
ISBN
978-1-4000-9677-0
.
- ↑
Richard G Hovannisian. Palgrave Macmillan. The Armenian people from ancient to modern times (p. 229)
ISBN
0-312-10168-6
- ↑
Volkov, Denis V. (2022). "Bringing democracy into Iran: a Russian project for the separation of Azerbaijan".
Middle Eastern Studies
: 4.
doi
:
10.1080/00263206.2022.2029423
.
The Russian military force, occupying not only Azerbaijan but the entire north and north-east of Iran, eventually amounted to almost twenty thousand by the outbreak of the First World War. After the opening of the so-called
Persidskii front
[the Persian front], which became the south flank of the First World War theatre, this number gradually grew to eighty or ninety thousand.
- ↑
≪????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???≫
.
??????? ????? ??????
. ?????????? ??
????-??-??
.
- ↑
Atabaki, Touraj (ed.) (2006).
Iran and the First World War: Battleground of the Great Powers
. New York: I.B.Tauris.
????
?????????????
,
????
?????????????????
.
- ↑
Moberly, F. J. (1987) [1929].
Operations in Persia 1914?1919
. History of the Great War based on Official Documents by Direction of the Committee of Imperial Defence (Imperial War Museum facsimile of the confidential 1929 printing ed.). London:
HMSO
.
ISBN
0-11-290453-X
.
- ↑
Pasdermadjian, Garegin
; Aram Torossian (1918).
Why Armenia Should be Free: Armenia's Role in the Present War
. Hairenik Pub. Co. p.
45
.
- ↑
???? ??????? ????? ????????? …? ? ??
.
- ↑
????
????
???? (
????-??-??
).
≪??? ????≫
.
????
. ??????????? ??
????
?? ?? ??? ????
. ?????????? ??
????-??-??
.
- ↑
?????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ? 1? ? 130? ??? ???? ????
.
- ↑
??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???
.
- ↑
????
????
????? ?????? ???? ??????
??? ????
- ↑
≪????? ≫ ??????? ???? ≫ ????? ????? ≫ ?????? ? ????? ≫ ?????? ?? - ????? ???: ????? ?? ??????? ? ??? ?????? ???? ??????≫
.
ganjoor.net
. ?????????? ??
????-??-??
.
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