????? ???? ?????

????? ???? ????? ( ??????? : Barbary slave trade ) ????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ? ???? ????.

???? ????? [ ?????? ]

??? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ? ??????? ? ???? ? ?????? ? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????. ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????. ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???. ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ?? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???????. ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ^[?] ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ≪????? ????? ???? ??? ? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ≫ ???. ^[?]

???? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ?????. ???? ? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???????????. ???????? ?????? ? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ? ?????? ??? ? ???????? ? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????. ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????. ???? ????? ??? ??????? ? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????. ^[?]

???????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

????? [ ?????? ]

↑ Bradford, Ernle (1968). Sultan's Admiral. the Life of Barbarossa (First ed.). Harcourt Brace World.
↑ Ginio, Eyal (2001). " "Piracy and Redemption in the Aegean Sea during the First Half of the Eighteenth Century." " . Turcica (?? ???????). 33 : 135?147. consistent threat to maritime traffic in the Aegean
↑ Conlin, Joseph R. The American Past: A Survey of American History, Volume I: To 1877 . p. 206.

?????????????? ?????????. ≪ Barbary slave trade ≫. ?? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ? ??????????? ?? ?? ?? ????.

????? ?? ????? [ ?????? ]

[1] Bradford, Ernle (1968). Sultan's Admiral. the Life of Barbarossa (First ed.). Harcourt Brace World.

[2] Ginio, Eyal (2001). " "Piracy and Redemption in the Aegean Sea during the First Half of the Eighteenth Century." " . Turcica (?? ???????). 33 : 135?147. consistent threat to maritime traffic in the Aegean

[3] Conlin, Joseph R. The American Past: A Survey of American History, Volume I: To 1877 . p. 206.

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