Designated city in Hokkaido, Japan
Designated city in Hokkaido, Japan
Sapporo
[a]
(
札幌市
,
Sapporo-shi
,
[sapːo?o
?i]
ⓘ
)
(
Ainu
:
サッ?ポロ?ペッ
,
romanized:
Satporopet
,
lit.
'Dry, Great River')
[2]
is a city in
Japan
. It is the largest city north of
Tokyo
and the largest city in
Hokkaido
, the northernmost main island of the country. It ranks as the
fifth most populous
city in Japan. It is the capital city of
Hokkaido Prefecture
and
Ishikari Subprefecture
. Sapporo lies in the southwest of Hokkaido, within the
alluvial fan
of the
Toyohira River
, which is a tributary stream of the
Ishikari
. It is considered the cultural, economic, and political center of Hokkaido.
As with most of Hokkaido, the Sapporo area was settled by the indigenous
Ainu
people, beginning over 15,000 years ago. Starting in the late 19th century, Sapporo saw increasing settlement by
Yamato
migrants. Sapporo hosted the
1972 Winter Olympics
, the first Winter Olympics ever held in Asia, and the second Olympic games held in Japan after the
1964 Summer Olympics
. Sapporo recently dropped its bid for the
2030 Winter Olympics
.
[3]
The
Sapporo Dome
hosted three games during the
2002 FIFA World Cup
and two games during the
2019 Rugby World Cup
. Additionally, Sapporo has hosted the
Asian Winter Games
three times, in
1986
,
1990
, and
2017
and the
1991 Winter Universiade
.
Sapporo is ranked first in the attractiveness ranking of cities in Japan.
[4]
The annual
Sapporo Snow Festival
draws more than 2 million tourists.
[5]
Other notable sites include the
Sapporo Beer Museum
[6]
and the
Sapporo TV Tower
located in
Odori Park
. It is home to
Hokkaido University
, just north of
Sapporo Station
. The city is served by
Okadama Airport
and
New Chitose Airport
in nearby
Chitose
.
Etymology
[
edit
]
Sapporo's name was taken from
Ainuic
sat poro pet
(
サッ?ポロ?ペッ
), which can be translated as the "dry, great river", a reference to the Toyohira River.
[7]
History
[
edit
]
Early history
[
edit
]
Before its establishment, the area occupied by Sapporo (known as the Ishikari Plain) was home to a number of indigenous
Ainu
settlements.
[8]
In 1866, at the end of the
Edo period
, construction began on a canal through the area, encouraging a number of early settlers to establish Sapporo village.
[9]
In 1868, the officially recognized year celebrated as the "birth" of Sapporo, the new
Meiji
government concluded that the existing administrative center of Hokkaido, which at the time was the port of
Hakodate
, was in an unsuitable location for defense and further development of the island. As a result, it was determined that a new capital on the Ishikari Plain should be established. The plain itself provided an unusually large expanse of flat, well-drained land which is relatively uncommon in the otherwise mountainous geography of Hokkaido.
During 1870?1871,
Kuroda Kiyotaka
, vice-chairman of the Hokkaido Development Commission (Kaitaku-shi), approached the American government for assistance in developing the land. As a result,
Horace Capron
,
Secretary of Agriculture
under President
Ulysses S. Grant
, became an
oyatoi gaikokujin
and was appointed as a special advisor to the commission. Construction began around
Odori Park
, which still remains as a green ribbon of recreational land bisecting the central area of the city. The city closely followed a
grid plan
with streets at right-angles to form city blocks. The continuing expansion of the Japanese into Hokkaido continued, mainly due to migration from the main island of
Honshu
immediately to the south, and the prosperity of Hokkaido and particularly its capital grew to the point that the Development Commission was deemed unnecessary and was abolished in 1882. In 1871, the
Hokkaid? Shrine
was built in its current location as the Sapporo Shrine.
Edwin Dun
came to Sapporo to establish sheep and cattle ranches in 1876. He also demonstrated pig raising and the making of butter, cheese, ham and sausage. He was married twice, to Japanese women. He once went back to the US in 1883 but returned to Japan as a secretary of government.
William S. Clark
, who was the president of the Massachusetts Agricultural College (now the
University of Massachusetts Amherst
), came to be the founding vice-president of the
Sapporo Agricultural College
(now
Hokkaido University
) for only eight months from 1876 to 1877. He taught academic subjects in science and lectured on the Bible as an "ethics" course, introducing Christian principles to the first entering class of the college.
In 1880, the entire area of Sapporo was renamed as "Sapporo-ku" (Sapporo Ward),
[10]
and a railroad between Sapporo and Temiya,
Otaru
was laid. That year the
H?heikan
, a hotel and reception facility for visiting officials and dignitaries, was built adjacent to the Odori Park. It was later moved to
Nakajima Park
where it remains today. Two years later, with the abolition of the Kaitaku-shi, Hokkaid? was divided into three prefectures: Hakodate, Sapporo, and Nemuro. The name of the urban district in Sapporo remained Sapporo-ku, while the rest of the area in Sapporo-ku was changed to Sapporo-gun. The office building of Sapporo-ku was also located in the urban district.
[10]
Sapporo, Hakodate, and Nemuro Prefectures were abolished in 1886, and
Hokkaid? government office building
, an American-
neo-baroque
-style structure with red bricks, constructed in 1888. The last squad of the Tondenhei, the soldiers pioneering Hokkaido, settled in the place where the area of Tonden in
Kita-ku, Sapporo
is currently located. Sapporo-ku administered surrounding Sapporo-gun until 1899, when the new district system was announced. After that year, Sapporo-ku was away from the control of Sapporo-gun.
[10]
The "ku" (district) enforced from 1899 was an autonomy which was a little bigger than towns, and smaller than cities. In Hokkaido at that time, Hakodate-ku and Otaru-ku also existed.
[11]
20th century
[
edit
]
In 1907, the
Tohoku Imperial University
was established in
Sendai
Miyagi Prefecture, and
Sapporo Agricultural College
was controlled by the university. Parts of neighbouring villages including Sapporo Village, Naebo Village, Kami Shiroishi Village, and districts where the Tonden-hei had settled, were integrated into Sapporo-ku in 1910.
The
Sapporo Streetcar
was opened in 1918, and Hokkaido Imperial University was established in Sapporo-ku, as the fifth
Imperial University
in Japan. Another railroad operated in Sapporo, the J?zankei Railroad, which was ultimately abolished in 1969.
In 1922, the new city system was announced by the Tokyo government, and Sapporo-ku was officially changed to Sapporo City.
[9]
The Sapporo Municipal Bus System was started in 1930. In 1937, Sapporo was chosen as the site of the
1940 Winter Olympics
, but due to the outbreak of the
Second Sino-Japanese War
, this was cancelled the next year. Maruyama Town was integrated as a part of Ch??-ku in 1940, and the
Okadama Airport
was constructed in 1942. During
World War II
, the city was
bombed by American naval aircraft
in July 1945.
[12]
The first
Sapporo Snow Festival
was held in 1950. In the same year, adjacent Shiroishi Village was integrated into Sapporo City, rendered as a part of Shiroishi-ku, and Atsubetsu-ku.
[13]
In 1955, Kotoni Town, the entire Sapporo Village, and Shinoro Village were merged into Sapporo, becoming a part of the current Ch??-ku, Kita-ku, Higashi-ku, Nishi-ku, and Teine-ku.
[13]
The expansion of Sapporo continued, with the merger of Toyohira Town in 1961, and Teine Town in 1967, each becoming a part of Toyohira-ku, Kiyota-ku, and Teine-ku.
[13]
The ceremony commemorating the 100th anniversary of the foundation of Sapporo and Hokkaido was held in 1968. The
Sapporo Municipal Subway
system was inaugurated in 1971, which made Sapporo the fourth city in Japan to have a subway system. From February 3 to 13, 1972, the
1972 Winter Olympics
were held, the first Winter Olympics held in Asia.
[9]
On April 1 of the same year, Sapporo was designated as one of the
cities designated by government ordinance
, and seven wards were established.
[13]
The last public performance by the opera singer,
Maria Callas
, was in Sapporo at the Hokkaido Koseinenkin Kaikan on 11 November 1974.
[14]
The Sapporo Municipal Subway was expanded when the T?zai line started operation in 1976, and the T?h? line was opened in 1988. In 1989, Atsubetsu-ku and Teine-ku were separated from Shiroishi-ku and Nishi-ku. Annual events in Sapporo were started, such as the
Pacific Music Festival
in 1990, and Yosakoi S?ran Festival in 1992. A professional football club,
Consadole Sapporo
, was established in 1996. In 1997, Kiyota-ku was separated from Toyohira-ku. In the same year,
Hokkaid? Takushoku Bank
, a Hokkaido-based bank with headquarters in Odori, went bankrupt.
[15]
21st century
[
edit
]
In 2001 the construction of the
Sapporo Dome
was completed, and in 2002 the Dome hosted three games during the
2002 FIFA World Cup
: Germany vs Saudi Arabia, Argentina vs England and Italy vs Ecuador, all of which were in the first round. Fumio Ueda, was elected as Sapporo mayor for the first time in 2003. Sapporo became the home to a
Nippon Professional Baseball
team,
Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters
, in 2004, which won the
2006 Japan Series
, and the victory parade was held on Ekimae-D?ri (a street in front of
Sapporo Station
) in February 2007.
The
34th G8 summit
took place in
T?yako
in 2008, and a number of people including
anti-globalization
activists marched in the heart of the city to protest. Police officers were gathered in Sapporo from all over Japan, and the news reported that four people were arrested in the demonstrations.
[16]
The
Hokkaid? Shinkansen
line, which currently connects
Honshu
to
Hakodate
through the
Seikan Tunnel
, is planned to link to Sapporo by 2030.
[17]
Geography
[
edit
]
Sapporo is a city located in the southwest part of Ishikari Plain and the
alluvial fan
of the
Toyohira River
, a tributary stream of the
Ishikari River
.
[18]
It is part of
Ishikari Subprefecture
. Roadways in the urban district are laid to make a grid plan. The western and southern parts of Sapporo are occupied by a number of mountains including Mount Teine, Maruyama, and
Mount Moiwa
, as well as many rivers including the Ishikari River, Toyohira River, and S?sei River. Sapporo has an elevation of 29 m (95 ft 2 in).
[19]
Sapporo has many parks, including Odori Park, which is located in the heart of the city and hosts a number of annual events and festivals throughout the year.
Moerenuma Park
is also one of the largest parks in Sapporo, and was constructed under the plan of
Isamu Noguchi
, a Japanese-American artist and landscape architect.
Neighbouring cities are
Ishikari
,
Ebetsu
,
Kitahiroshima
,
Eniwa
,
Chitose
,
Otaru
,
Date
, and adjoining towns are
T?betsu
,
Kimobetsu
,
Ky?goku
.
Wards
[
edit
]
Sapporo currently has ten
wards
(
?
,
ku
)
.
|
Name
|
Kanji
|
Population
|
Land area in km
2
|
Pop. density
per km
2
|
Map of Sapporo
|
1
|
Atsubetsu-ku
|
厚別?
|
127,299
|
24.38
|
5,221
|
|
2
|
Ch??-ku
|
中央?
|
237,761
|
46.42
|
5,122
|
3
|
Higashi-ku
|
東?
|
261,901
|
56.97
|
4,597
|
4
|
Kita-ku
|
北?
|
286,026
|
63.57
|
4,499
|
5
|
Kiyota-ku
|
?田?
|
113,556
|
59.87
|
1,897
|
6
|
Minami-ku
|
南?
|
136,774
|
657.48
|
208
|
7
|
Nishi-ku
|
西?
|
216,835
|
75.10
|
2,887
|
8
|
Shiroishi-ku
|
白石?
|
213,310
|
34.47
|
6,188
|
9
|
Teine-ku
|
手??
|
141,886
|
56.77
|
2,499
|
10
|
Toyohira-ku
|
豊平?
|
223,408
|
46.23
|
4,833
|
Cityscape
[
edit
]
Climate
[
edit
]
Sapporo
|
Climate chart (
explanation
)
|
J
|
F
|
M
|
A
|
M
|
J
|
J
|
A
|
S
|
O
|
N
|
D
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
?
Average max. and min. temperatures in °C
|
?
Precipitation totals in mm
|
|
Imperial conversion
|
J
| F
| M
| A
| M
| J
| J
| A
| S
| O
| N
| D
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
?
Average max. and min. temperatures in °F
|
?
Precipitation totals in inches
|
|
Sapporo has a
humid continental climate
(
Koppen
:
Dfa
), with a wide range of temperature between the summer and winter. Summers are generally warm and humid, but not oppressively hot, and winters are cold and very snowy, with an average snowfall of 4.79 m (15 ft 9 in) per year.
[20]
Sapporo is one of few metropolises in the world with such heavy snowfall,
[21]
enabling it to hold events and festivals with snow statues. The heavy snowfall is due to the
Siberian High
developing over the Eurasian land mass and the
Aleutian Low
developing over the northern Pacific Ocean, resulting in a flow of cold air southeastward across Tsushima Current and to western Hokkaido. The city's annual average precipitation is around 1,100 mm (43.3 in), and the mean annual temperature is 8.5 °C (47.3 °F).
[22]
The highest temperature ever recorded in Sapporo was 36.3 °C (97.3 °F) on August 23, 2023.
[23]
The coldest temperature ever recorded was ?28.5 °C (?19.3 °F) on 1 February 1929.
[23]
Climate data for Sapporo (1991?2020 normals, extremes 1877?present)
|
Month
|
Jan
|
Feb
|
Mar
|
Apr
|
May
|
Jun
|
Jul
|
Aug
|
Sep
|
Oct
|
Nov
|
Dec
|
Year
|
Record high °C (°F)
|
11.2
(52.2)
|
10.8
(51.4)
|
18.3
(64.9)
|
28.0
(82.4)
|
33.7
(92.7)
|
34.2
(93.6)
|
36.0
(96.8)
|
36.3
(97.3)
|
32.7
(90.9)
|
27.3
(81.1)
|
22.4
(72.3)
|
14.8
(58.6)
|
36.3
(97.3)
|
Mean maximum °C (°F)
|
5.1
(41.2)
|
7.0
(44.6)
|
12.3
(54.1)
|
21.3
(70.3)
|
27.4
(81.3)
|
29.0
(84.2)
|
31.4
(88.5)
|
32.0
(89.6)
|
28.8
(83.8)
|
22.7
(72.9)
|
17.2
(63.0)
|
9.4
(48.9)
|
32.7
(90.9)
|
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
|
?0.4
(31.3)
|
0.4
(32.7)
|
4.5
(40.1)
|
11.7
(53.1)
|
17.9
(64.2)
|
21.8
(71.2)
|
25.4
(77.7)
|
26.4
(79.5)
|
22.8
(73.0)
|
16.4
(61.5)
|
8.7
(47.7)
|
2.0
(35.6)
|
13.1
(55.6)
|
Daily mean °C (°F)
|
?3.2
(26.2)
|
?2.7
(27.1)
|
1.1
(34.0)
|
7.3
(45.1)
|
13.0
(55.4)
|
17.0
(62.6)
|
21.1
(70.0)
|
22.3
(72.1)
|
18.6
(65.5)
|
12.1
(53.8)
|
5.2
(41.4)
|
?0.9
(30.4)
|
9.2
(48.6)
|
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
|
?6.4
(20.5)
|
?6.2
(20.8)
|
?2.4
(27.7)
|
3.4
(38.1)
|
9.0
(48.2)
|
13.4
(56.1)
|
17.9
(64.2)
|
19.1
(66.4)
|
14.8
(58.6)
|
8.0
(46.4)
|
1.6
(34.9)
|
?4.0
(24.8)
|
5.7
(42.3)
|
Mean minimum °C (°F)
|
?11.8
(10.8)
|
?11.7
(10.9)
|
?7.9
(17.8)
|
?1.4
(29.5)
|
3.9
(39.0)
|
9.0
(48.2)
|
13.7
(56.7)
|
14.7
(58.5)
|
8.7
(47.7)
|
2.1
(35.8)
|
?4.6
(23.7)
|
?9.0
(15.8)
|
?12.8
(9.0)
|
Record low °C (°F)
|
?27.0
(?16.6)
|
?28.5
(?19.3)
|
?22.6
(?8.7)
|
?14.6
(5.7)
|
?4.2
(24.4)
|
0.0
(32.0)
|
5.2
(41.4)
|
5.3
(41.5)
|
?0.9
(30.4)
|
?4.4
(24.1)
|
?15.5
(4.1)
|
?24.7
(?12.5)
|
?28.5
(?19.3)
|
Average
precipitation
mm (inches)
|
108.4
(4.27)
|
91.9
(3.62)
|
77.6
(3.06)
|
54.6
(2.15)
|
55.5
(2.19)
|
60.4
(2.38)
|
90.7
(3.57)
|
126.8
(4.99)
|
142.2
(5.60)
|
109.9
(4.33)
|
113.8
(4.48)
|
114.5
(4.51)
|
1,146.1
(45.12)
|
Average snowfall cm (inches)
|
137
(54)
|
116
(46)
|
74
(29)
|
6
(2.4)
|
0
(0)
|
0
(0)
|
0
(0)
|
0
(0)
|
0
(0)
|
1
(0.4)
|
30
(12)
|
113
(44)
|
479
(189)
|
Average extreme snow depth cm (inches)
|
76
(30)
|
95
(37)
|
82
(32)
|
22
(8.7)
|
0
(0)
|
0
(0)
|
0
(0)
|
0
(0)
|
0
(0)
|
1
(0.4)
|
15
(5.9)
|
47
(19)
|
97
(38)
|
Average precipitation days
(≥ 0.5 mm)
|
22.1
|
19.2
|
18.3
|
12.3
|
10.2
|
9.3
|
9.4
|
10.5
|
11.7
|
14.0
|
18.3
|
19.9
|
175.1
|
Average snowy days
(≥ 0.2 cm)
|
29.1
|
25.2
|
22.5
|
6.7
|
0.1
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.0
|
0.9
|
13.5
|
26.8
|
124.4
|
Average
relative humidity
(%)
|
69
|
68
|
65
|
61
|
65
|
72
|
75
|
75
|
71
|
67
|
67
|
68
|
69
|
Average
dew point
°C (°F)
|
?8
(18)
|
?8
(18)
|
?5
(23)
|
?1
(30)
|
6
(43)
|
12
(54)
|
16
(61)
|
18
(64)
|
13
(55)
|
6
(43)
|
0
(32)
|
?6
(21)
|
4
(39)
|
Mean monthly
sunshine hours
|
90.4
|
103.5
|
144.7
|
175.8
|
200.4
|
180.0
|
168.0
|
168.1
|
159.3
|
145.9
|
99.1
|
82.7
|
1,718
|
Average
ultraviolet index
|
1
|
1
|
1
|
3
|
4
|
5
|
5
|
5
|
4
|
2
|
1
|
1
|
3
|
Source 1: Japan Meteorological Agency
[22]
[23]
|
Source 2: Weather Atlas (UV),
[24]
Time and Date (dewpoints, 2005?2015),
[25]
Meteo Climat
[26]
[27]
|
See or edit
raw graph data
.
Demographics
[
edit
]
The first census of the population of Sapporo was taken in 1873, when 753 families with a total of 1,785 people were recorded in the town.
[28]
The city has an estimated population of 1,959,750 as of July 31, 2023 and a
population density
of 1,748 persons per km
2
(4,500 persons per mi
2
). The total area is 1,121.26 km
2
(432.92
sq mi
).
Historical population
Year
| Pop.
| ±%
|
---|
1873
| 1,785
| ?
|
---|
1920
| 105,182
| +5792.5%
|
---|
1925
| 149,314
| +42.0%
|
---|
1930
| 174,179
| +16.7%
|
---|
1935
| 196,541
| +12.8%
|
---|
1940
| 206,103
| +4.9%
|
---|
1950
| 313,850
| +52.3%
|
---|
1955
| 426,620
| +35.9%
|
---|
1960
| 523,839
| +22.8%
|
---|
1965
| 794,908
| +51.7%
|
---|
1970
| 1,010,123
| +27.1%
|
---|
| Year
| Pop.
| ±%
|
---|
1975
| 1,240,613
| +22.8%
|
---|
1980
| 1,401,757
| +13.0%
|
---|
1985
| 1,542,979
| +10.1%
|
---|
1990
| 1,671,742
| +8.3%
|
---|
1995
| 1,757,025
| +5.1%
|
---|
2000
| 1,822,368
| +3.7%
|
---|
2005
| 1,880,863
| +3.2%
|
---|
2010
| 1,913,545
| +1.7%
|
---|
2015
| 1,952,356
| +2.0%
|
---|
2020
| 1,970,277
| +0.9%
|
---|
|
Source:
Statistics Bureau
[1]
|
Economy
[
edit
]
The tertiary sector dominates Sapporo's industry. Major industries include information technology, retail, and tourism, as Sapporo is a destination for winter sports and events and summer activities due to its comparatively cool climate.
[29]
The city is also the manufacturing centre of Hokkaido, manufacturing various goods such as food and related products, fabricated metal products, steel, machinery, beverages, and pulp and paper.
[30]
The
Sapporo Breweries
, founded in 1876, is a major company and employer in the city.
[31]
[32]
Hokkaido International Airlines
(Air Do) is headquartered in
Ch??-ku
.
[33]
In April 2004,
Air Nippon Network
was headquartered in
Higashi-ku
.
[34]
Other companies headquartered in Sapporo include
Crypton Future Media
,
DB-Soft
,
Hokkaido Air System
, and
Royce'
.
Greater Sapporo, Sapporo
Metropolitan Employment Area
(2.3 million people), had a total
GDP
of US$84.7 billion in 2010.
[35]
[36]
In 2014, Sapporo's GDP per capita (PPP) was US$32,446.
[37]
Culture and entertainment
[
edit
]
Music
[
edit
]
Literature
[
edit
]
Film
[
edit
]
Video games
[
edit
]
Points of interest
[
edit
]
Sapporo JR Tower
adjacent to
Sapporo Station
.
[39]
Sapporo Ramen Yokocho and Norubesa (a building with a Ferris wheel) are in
Susukino
district. The district also has the Tanuki K?ji Shopping Arcade, the oldest shopping mall in the city.
The district of J?zankei in Minami-ku has many resort hotels with steam baths and
onsen
.
The
Peace Pagoda
, one of many such monuments across the world built by the Buddhist order Nipponzan Myohoji to promote and inspire world peace, has a
stupa
that was built in 1959,
[
citation needed
]
halfway up Mount Moiwa, to commemorate peace after
World War II
. It contains some of the ashes of the Buddha that were presented to the Emperor of Japan by Prime Minister Nehru in 1954.
[
citation needed
]
Another portion was presented to
Mikhail Gorbachev
by the Nipponzan-Myohoji monk, Junsei Terasawa.
[
citation needed
]
Parks/gardens
[
edit
]
Events/festivals
[
edit
]
February
: the
Sapporo Snow Festival
The main site is at Odori Park, and other sites include Susukino (known as the Susukino Ice Festival) and
Sapporo Satoland
. Many of the snow and ice statues are built by members of the
Japan Ground Self-Defense Force
.
[40]
May
: the Sapporo Lilac Festival.
Lilac
was brought to Sapporo in 1889 by an American educator, Sarah Clara Smith. At the festival, people enjoy the flowers, wine and live music.
June
: the Yosakoi Soran Festival. The sites of the festival are centered on Odori Park and the street leading to Susukino, and there are other festival sites. In the festival, many dance teams dance to music composed based on a Japanese traditional song, "
S?ran Bushi
". Members of the dancing teams wear special costumes and compete on the roads or stages constructed on the festival sites. In 2006, 350 teams were featured with around 45,000 dancers, and over 1,860,000 people visited the festival.
[40]
The Sapporo Summer Festival. People enjoy drinking at the beer garden in Odori Park and on the streets of
Susukino
. This festival consists of a number of fairs such as Tanuki Festival and Susukino Festival.
[40]
September
: the Sapporo Autumn Festival
December
:
Christmas market
in Odori Park, similar to German Christmas markets.
From November through January, many citizens enjoy the Sapporo White
Illuminations
.
Cuisine
[
edit
]
The city is home to
Sapporo Brewery
, white chocolate biscuits known as 'shiroi koibito' (白い?人), and also as the birthplace of
miso
ramen.
[41]
Kouraku Ramen Meitengai, in the Susukino district, is an alley lined with many miso ramen restaurants, since 1951. After its demolition, due to plans for the
Sapporo Olympics
, the Ganso Sapporo Ramen Yokocho was established in its place. It attracts many tourists throughout the year.
[41]
From the year 1966, a food company named, Sanyo Foods, began to sell instant ramen under the brand name, "
Sapporo Ichiban
".
Haskap
, a local variety of edible
honeysuckle
, similar to
blueberries
, is a specialty in Sapporo. Other specialty dishes of Sapporo include; soup curry, a soupy
curry
made with vegetables and chicken, sometimes other meats too, and
jingisukan
, a
barbecued
lamb dish, named after
Genghis Khan
. Sapporo Sweets, is a confectionery using many ingredients from Hokkaido where there's also the Sapporo Sweets Competition held annually.
[42]
Sapporo is also well known for fresh seafood including
salmon
,
sea urchin
and
crab
. Crab in particular is famed. Many types of crab are harvested and served seasonally in Sapporo like the horsehair crab, snow crab, king crab, and Hanasaki crab, with numerous dishes revolving around them.
[43]
Sports
[
edit
]
The
Sapporo Dome
was constructed in 2001 and is currently host to the local professional football team,
Hokkaido Consadole Sapporo
.
ES CON Field Hokkaido
(エスコンフィ?ルド北海道,
Esukon F?rudo Hokkaid?
), a
baseball park
in
Kitahiroshima, Hokkaido
, is home to
Nippon Professional Baseball
's
Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters
and opened in March 2023. From 2004 to 2022, the Fighters called Sapporo Dome home.
Sapporo was selected as host to the 5th Winter Olympics, scheduled for February 3 to 12, 1940; however Japan had to cancel the event, consequently handing the decision back to the
IOC
, after the Second Sino-Japanese War broke out in 1937.
In 1972, Sapporo hosted the 11th
Winter Olympics
. Some structures built for Olympic events remain in use today, including the ski jumps at
Miyanomori
and
Okurayama
. After considering a bid for the
2026 Winter Olympics
and the
2030 Winter Olympics
, Olympic representatives in Sapporo have said that the city is considering a bid for the 2034 Winter Olympics. The city predicted it may cost as much as 456.5 billion yen ($4.3 billion) to host the games and is planning to have 90 percent of the facilities within half an hour of the Olympic village, according to a report published 12 May 2016. The Alpen course would be in
Niseko
, the world's second-snowiest resort, while the village would be next to the
Sapporo Dome
, the report said.
[44]
The plans were presented to the
Japanese Olympic Committee
on 8 November 2016.
[45]
[46]
In 2002, Sapporo hosted three group matches of the
FIFA World Cup
at the Sapporo Dome. In 2006, Sapporo hosted some games of the
2006 Basketball World Championship
and also for the
2006 Women's Volleyball World Championship
. In 2007, Sapporo hosted the
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships
at the Sapporo Dome, Miyanomori ski jump, Okurayama ski jump, and the Shirahatayama cross-country course. It has been the host city to two
Asian Winter Games
and hosted the
2017 Asian Winter Games
in
Obihiro
. Sapporo also hosted games during the
2019 Rugby World Cup
.
Skiing remains a major sport in Sapporo with almost all children skiing as a part of the school curriculum. Okurayama Elementary School is unusual in having its own ski hill and ski jumping hill on the school grounds. Within the city are commercial ski hills including Moiwayama, Bankeiyama, KobaWorld,
Sapporo Teine
and Fu's.
Many sports stadiums and domes are located in Sapporo, and some of them have been designated as venues of sports competitions. The
Sapporo Community Dome
, also known by its nickname "Tsu-Dome", has hosted the Golden Market, a huge
flea market
event which is usually held twice a year, along with some sports events. The
Makomanai Ice Arena
, in
Makomanai Park
, was one of the venues of the Sapporo Olympics in 1972. It was renamed the Makomanai Sekisuiheim Ice Arena in 2007, when
Sekisui Chemical
Co., Ltd., acquired
naming rights
and renamed the arena after their real estate brand.
[47]
Other large sports venues include the
Makomanai Open Stadium
,
Tsukisamu Dome
,
Maruyama Baseball Stadium
, and the
Hokkaido Prefectural Sports Center
, which hosts the professional basketball team,
Levanga Hokkaido
.
Toyota Big Air
was a major international snowboarding event held annually in Sapporo Dome.
Professional sport teams
[
edit
]
Transportation
[
edit
]
Sapporo has one streetcar line, three
JR Hokkaido
lines, three subway lines and
JR Bus
,
Chuo Bus
and other bus lines. Sapporo Subway trains have rubber-tired wheels.
Rapid transit
[
edit
]
Rail
[
edit
]
- JR Hokkaido Stations in Sapporo
- Hakodate Line
: (Zenibako) ? Hoshimi ? Hoshioki ? Inaho ? Teine ? Inazumi K?en ? Hassamu ? Hassamu Ch?? ? Kotoni ? S?en ? Sapporo ? Naebo ? Shiroishi ? Atsubetsu ? Shinrink?en ? (?asa)
- Chitose Line
: Heiwa ? Shin Sapporo ? Kami Nopporo ? (Kita-Hiroshima)
- Sassh? Line
(Gakuentoshi Line): S?en ? Hachiken ? Shinkawa ? Shinkotoni ? Taihei ? Yurigahara ? Shinoro ? Takuhoku ? Ainosato Ky?ikudai ? Ainosato K?en ? (Ishikari Futomi)
The Sapporo area is served by two airports:
Okadama Airport
, which offers regional flights within Hokkaido and Tohoku, and
New Chitose Airport
, a larger international airport located in the city of
Chitose
30 mi (48 km) away, connected by regular rapid trains taking around 40 minutes. The Sapporo-Tokyo route between New Chitose and Haneda is one of the busiest in the world.
Airport shuttle, tour and charter bus service
[
edit
]
An airport shuttle bus servicing hotels in Sapporo operates every day of the year. SkyExpress was founded in 2005 and also provides transport to and from various ski resorts throughout Hokkaido, including
Niseko
.
Education
[
edit
]
Universities
[
edit
]
National
[
edit
]
See
Japanese national university
Public
[
edit
]
Private
[
edit
]
Primary and secondary schools
[
edit
]
| This section
needs expansion
. You can help by
adding to it
.
(
October 2015
)
|
Sapporo Odori High School
provides Japanese-language classes to foreign and Japanese returnee students, and the school has special admissions quotas for these groups.
[48]
The city has two private international schools:
Twin towns ? sister cities
[
edit
]
Sapporo has
twinning relationships
with several cities worldwide.
[49]
[50]
- Daejeon
, South Korea (since October 2010)
- Denver
,
CO
, United States (since September 1982)
- Munich
,
Bavaria
, Germany (since August 1972)
- Novosibirsk
,
Novosibirsk Oblast
, Russia (since June 1990)
- Portland
,
OR
, United States (since November 1959)
- Shenyang
,
Liaoning
, China (since November 1980)
Sapporo also cooperates with:
See also
[
edit
]
Notes
[
edit
]
- ^
English pronunciation:
,
.
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"City of Sapporo"
. City of Sapporo.
Archived
from the original on August 26, 2006
. Retrieved
September 2,
2006
.
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"Efforts underway to save Ainu language and culture"
. February 21, 2022.
Archived
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. Retrieved
November 10,
2022
.
- ^
Yamaguchi, Mari (October 11, 2023).
"JOC, Sapporo announce decision to abandon bid for 2030 winter games, seek possible bid from 2034 on"
.
AP
. Retrieved
December 11,
2023
.
- ^
"地域ブランド調査2022 市?町村の魅力度ランキング等結果"
.
地域ブランドNEWS
. Brand Research Institute, Inc. November 17, 2022.
Archived
from the original on June 21, 2023
. Retrieved
June 21,
2023
.
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さっぽろ雪まつり?行委員?.
前回のさっぽろ雪まつりの?子
. Archived from
the original
on June 11, 2019
. Retrieved
October 11,
2018
.
- ^
Japan National Tourist Organization ? Sapporo Beer Museum
Archived
June 15, 2011, at the
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.
- ^
ふるさとの川史話いっぱい
. City of Sapporo. Archived from
the original
on July 2, 2015
. Retrieved
May 29,
2009
.
- ^
"
Recognition at last for Japan's Ainu
Archived
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". BBC News. July 6, 2008
- ^
a
b
c
サイト閉鎖のお知らせ
. Archived from
the original
on June 19, 2012
. Retrieved
October 7,
2007
.
- ^
a
b
c
New Sapporo History 2nd edition
(
新札幌市史 第2?
,
Shin Sapporo Shishi
)
- ^
北海道市町村自治制の沿革?要
(PDF)
(in Japanese). Government of Hokkaido.
Archived
(PDF)
from the original on November 11, 2018
. Retrieved
November 11,
2018
.
- ^
The Asahi Shimbun
.
"朝日新聞デジタル:空襲の記憶 風化させぬ - 北海道 - 地域"
.
www.asahi.com
(in Japanese).
Archived
from the original on April 14, 2022
. Retrieved
April 13,
2022
.
- ^
a
b
c
d
New Sapporo History 5th edition
(
新札幌市史 第5?
,
Shin Sapporo Shishi
)
- ^
Sutherland, Robert
Maria Callas Diaries of a Friendship
London Constable 1999 p265
ISBN
0-09-478790-5
- ^
"lawsuit against the bankruptcy of the Takushoku Bank"
. Archived from
the original
on December 22, 2007
. Retrieved
October 7,
2007
.
- ^
"Arrests made during scuffles at G8 protest in Japan"
. July 5, 2008.
Archived
from the original on January 24, 2019
. Retrieved
January 26,
2020
.
- ^
"Celebrating the opening of the Hokkaido Shinkansen?travel by train from Hakodate to Sapporo while exploring along the way"
. Archived from
the original
on February 18, 2017
. Retrieved
February 17,
2017
.
- ^
札幌市のあらまし
. City of Sapporo.
Archived
from the original on July 2, 2017
. Retrieved
October 8,
2007
.
- ^
"Where is Sapporo, Japan?"
.
worldatlas.com
.
Archived
from the original on July 15, 2019
. Retrieved
June 10,
2019
.
- ^
?象? | 平年値(年?月ごとの値)
(in Japanese).
Japan Meteorological Agency
.
Archived
from the original on December 25, 2018
. Retrieved
January 14,
2008
.
- ^
City of Sapporo.
"General Overview of Sapporo"
(PDF)
(in English and Japanese). Archived from
the original
(PDF)
on February 5, 2007
. Retrieved
March 30,
2018
.
- ^
a
b
?象? / 平年値(年?月ごとの値)
.
Japan Meteorological Agency
.
Archived
from the original on February 8, 2022
. Retrieved
May 19,
2021
.
- ^
a
b
c
?測史上1~10位の値(年間を通じての値)
.
Japan Meteorological Agency
.
Archived
from the original on March 1, 2022
. Retrieved
March 1,
2022
.
- ^
"Sapporo, Japan ? Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast"
. Weather Atlas.
Archived
from the original on July 9, 2019
. Retrieved
August 6,
2022
.
- ^
"Climate & Weather Averages in Sapporo"
. Time and Date.
Archived
from the original on August 6, 2022
. Retrieved
August 6,
2022
.
- ^
"Meteo climat stats for Sapporo"
. Meteo Climat.
Archived
from the original on March 19, 2022
. Retrieved
March 1,
2022
.
- ^
"Meteo climat stats for Sapporo"
. Meteo Climat.
Archived
from the original on March 19, 2022
. Retrieved
March 1,
2022
.
- ^
Japanese Imperial Commission (1878).
Le Japon a l'exposition universelle de 1878. Geographie et histoire du Japon
(in French). p. 31.
- ^
"Sapporo Winter Sport Museum Guide"
.
Archived
from the original on November 11, 2018
. Retrieved
November 11,
2018
.
- ^
工業統計調査/札幌市
(in Japanese). City of Sapporo.
Archived
from the original on November 11, 2018
. Retrieved
November 11,
2018
.
- ^
"Sapporo Holdings: employee numbers 2019"
.
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.
Archived
from the original on June 14, 2021
. Retrieved
June 14,
2021
.
- ^
Japan, Brewery Convention of.
"Brewers Association of Japan"
.
Brewers Association of Japan
(in Japanese).
Archived
from the original on June 6, 2021
. Retrieved
June 14,
2021
.
- ^
"
?社?要
(in Japanese).
Hokkaido International Airlines
.
Archived
from the original on August 14, 2017
. Retrieved
May 20,
2009
.
- ^
"
?社?要
(in Japanese).
Air Nippon Network
. April 6, 2004. Archived from
the original
on April 6, 2004
. Retrieved
May 20,
2009
.
- ^
Yoshitsugu Kanemoto.
"Metropolitan Employment Area (MEA) Data"
. Center for Spatial Information Science, The
University of Tokyo
.
Archived
from the original on May 2, 2019
. Retrieved
June 22,
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.
- ^
Conversion rates - Exchange rates
Archived
February 1, 2018, at the
Wayback Machine
- OECD Data
- ^
"Global Metro Monitor"
. January 22, 2015.
Archived
from the original on January 7, 2019
. Retrieved
September 5,
2018
.
- ^
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.
www.hongoshin-smos.jp
.
Archived
from the original on January 29, 2020
. Retrieved
January 22,
2020
.
- ^
Tourism Statistics of Sapporo
Archived
2007-10-25 at the
Wayback Machine
, 2006, p.35 (pdf file)
- ^
a
b
c
Tourism Statistics of Sapporo
Archived
October 25, 2007, at the
Wayback Machine
, 2006, p.29 (pdf file)
- ^
a
b
元祖さっぽろラ?メン?丁公式サイト
.
Archived
from the original on October 12, 2007
. Retrieved
October 11,
2007
.
- ^
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. Archived from
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on October 17, 2007
. Retrieved
October 11,
2007
.
- ^
Dwyer, Chris (November 12, 2018).
"Welcome to Sapporo, crab capital of Japan (and maybe even the world)"
.
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.
Archived
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. Retrieved
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.
- ^
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.
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. May 17, 2016.
Archived
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.
- ^
札幌で再びオリンピックを JOCに開催提案書
(in Japanese). NHK. 8 November 2016. Archived from
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on 8 November 2016
. Retrieved
13 November
2016
.
- ^
"Olympics: Sapporo shows 2026 Winter Games plan to JOC"
. kyodonews.net. November 8, 2016. Archived from
the original
on November 12, 2016
. Retrieved
November 13,
2016
.
- ^
"Makomanai Sekisuiheim Ice Arena Homepage"
.
Archived
from the original on October 15, 2007
. Retrieved
October 11,
2007
.
- ^
"
Education
" (
Archive
). City of Sapporo. Retrieved on October 12, 2015.
- ^
札幌市 ? ?際交流 ? 姉妹都市
(in Japanese). City of Sapporo.
Archived
from the original on July 2, 2017
. Retrieved
April 7,
2007
.
- ^
Sister Cities | International Community Bureau
Archived
2012-07-12 at
archive.today
(in Japanese)
External links
[
edit
]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
Sapporo
.
Links to related articles
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also a
prefectural capital
;
†
eligible for core city status but not yet nominated;
☆
to become core cities
|
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