Chronological list of wars involving Poland
This is a chronological list of wars in which
Poland
or its predecessor states of took an active part, extending from the reign of
Mieszko I
(960?992) to the present. This list does not include
peacekeeping operations
(such as
UNPROFOR
,
UNTAES
or
UNMOP
),
humanitarian missions
or training missions supported by the
Polish Armed Forces
.
The list gives the name, the date, the Polish allies and enemies, and the result of these conflicts following this legend:
-
Polish victory
-
Polish defeat
-
Another result
-
Internal conflict
-
Ongoing conflict
Piast Poland (960?1138)
[
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]
During the
Middle Ages
, Poland sought to incorporate other fellow
West Slavic
peoples under the rule of the Polan dukes, such as
Mieszko I
,
Boleslaw I Chrobry
and their descendants, and then defend the lands conquered in the west from the
Holy Roman Empire
. In the east and south it struggled with
Ruthenia
,
Bohemia
and
Tatar
raiders. In the north-east, it encountered intermittent
Lithuanian
and
Prussian
raids.
Feudal fragmentation (1138?1320)
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]
In 1138, after the death of
Bolesław III Wrymouth
, Poland was divided into districts ruled by local
princes
. This began a period of
feudal fragmentation
that lasted for more than 187 years during which Poland was severely weakened due to incessant internal conflicts. The feudal fragmentation ended in 1320 during the reign of
Władyslaw I Lokietek
.
Reunited Kingdom of Poland (1320?1385)
[
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]
In 1320, after the end of the feudal fragmentation, during the reign of
Władyslaw I Łokietek
and his son
Casimir III the Great
, Poland experienced a period of strong economic development, this period also increased migration to Poland especially of
Germans
and
Jews
. The period ended after the death of Casimir the Great and the assumption of the Polish throne by
Louis I
.
Jagiellon Poland (1385?1569)
[
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]
For much of its early history as a Christian state, Poland had to contend with Pomeranians, Prussians, Lithuanians and other Baltic peoples in continuous border wars without clear results or end in sight. After the
Teutonic Order
conquered and assimilated the Prussians, it began incursions into both Polish and Lithuanian territories. This represented a far greater threat to both Poland and Lithuania, and the two countries united in a defensive alliance by the crowning of the Lithuanian Duke
Jogaila
as King of Poland (as Władysław II) which led to a major confrontation at the
Battle of Grunwald
in 1410 and subsequent wars until 1525, when the Order became a vassal to the
Polish Crown
.
Polish?Lithuanian Commonwealth (1569?1795)
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]
The 17th century saw fierce rivalry between the then major Eastern European powers ?
Sweden
, the
Polish?Lithuanian Commonwealth
and the
Ottoman Empire
. At its heyday, the Commonwealth comprised the territories of present-day Poland, and large parts of
Ukraine
,
Belarus
,
Lithuania
,
Latvia
,
Estonia
, and
Russia
, and represented a major European power. However, by the end of the 18th century a series of internal conflicts and wars with foreign enemies led to the dissolution of the Polish?Lithuanian Commonwealth and the
partitioning
of most of its dependent territories among other European powers.
During the 18th century, European powers (most frequently consisting of
Russia
,
Sweden
,
Prussia
and
Saxony
) fought several wars for the control of the territories of the former Polish?Lithuanian Commonwealth. At the end of the 18th century, some Poles attempted to defend Poland from growing foreign influence in the country's internal affairs. These late attempts to preserve independence eventually failed, ultimately ending in Poland's
partition
and the final dissolution of the remains of the Polish?Lithuanian Commonwealth.
Napoleonic Wars (Duchy of Warsaw)
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]
Poles unsuccessfully struggled to win back their independence throughout the 19th century. At first, they put their hopes in
Napoleon
. Later, they tried to ignite national uprisings every now and then ? most of them bloodily repressed.
Poland under partitions (1815?1918)
[
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]
Poles unsuccessfully struggled to win back their independence throughout the 19th century. At first, they put their hopes in
Napoleon
. Later, they tried to ignite national uprisings every now and then ? most of them bloodily repressed.
Second Polish Republic (1918?1939)
[
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]
In the turmoil of the
First World War
, Poles managed to regain independence and then to expand their territory in a series of local wars and uprisings; only to be occupied again during the next world war.
Poland during World War II (1939?1945)
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]
The
history of Poland
from 1939 to 1945 encompasses primarily the period from the
invasion of Poland
by
Nazi Germany
and the
Soviet Union
to the end of
World War II
. Following the
German?Soviet non-aggression pact
,
Poland
was invaded by Nazi Germany on 1 September 1939 and by the Soviet Union
on 17 September
. The campaigns ended in early October with Germany and the Soviet Union
dividing and annexing the whole of Poland
. After the
Axis attack on the Soviet Union
in the summer of 1941, the entirety of
Poland was occupied by Germany
, which proceeded to advance its
racial and genocidal policies
across Poland.
Communist Poland (1945?1989)
[
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]
The second half of the 20th century was more peaceful, but still tense, as Poland was involved in the
Cold War
on the
Soviet
side.
Third Polish Republic (1989?present)
[
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]
At the beginning of the 21st century Poland is involved in the
War against terrorism
on the
NATO
side.
See also
[
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]
Notes
[
edit
]
- ^
Nazi Germany was expelled from Poland, however the Soviet Union remained in control of Poland at the end of the war.
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Nadgopla?skie Towarzystwo Historyczne (2016).
Bitwa nad Gopłem 1096 r. - przyczyny i skutki walki
.
- ^
Długosz, Jan.
Roczniki czyli kroniki sławnego krolestwa Polskiego, vol 3&4
(PDF)
(in Polish).
- ^
Długosz, Jan.
Roczniki czyli kroniki sławnego krolestwa Polskiego, vol 5&6
(PDF)
(in Polish).
- ^
Kazimierz Lepszy,
Słownik biograficzny historii powszechnej do XVII stulecia
. Wiedza Powszechna Warszawa 1968
- ^
a
b
Długosz, Jan.
Roczniki czyli kroniki sławnego krolestwa Polskiego, vol 7&8
(PDF)
(in Polish).
- ^
Rocznik Krzeszowski Wi?kszy, w: MPH, t. II
- ^
Kronika ksi???t polskich,w: MPH, t.II
- ^
Banlaky, Jozsef.
Az 1619. evi hadjarat. A magyar nemzet hadtortenelme
(in Hungarian).
- ^
Officially neutral but Danish fleet was attacked by Britain at the
Battle of Copenhagen
.
- ^
Abolished following the restoration of the neutral
Papal States
in 1799.
- ^
Short lived state that replaced the Kingdom of Naples in 1799.
- ^
Nominally the
Holy Roman Empire
, of which the
Austrian Netherlands
and the
Duchy of Milan
were under direct Austrian rule. Also encompassed many other Italian states, as well as other
Habsburg
states such as the
Grand Duchy of Tuscany
.
- ^
a
b
Joined the Confederation of the Rhine on 11 December 1806.
- ^
Marian Tyrowicz (1986).
Jan Tyssowski i rewolucja 1846 r. w Krakowie: dzieje porywu i pokuty
. Ksi??ka i Wiedza.
ISBN
978-83-03-01173-2
. Retrieved
3 April
2013
.
- ^
Jozef Sieradzki; Czesław Wycech (1958).
Rok 1846 w Galicji: materialy ?rodlowe
. Pa?stwowe Wydawn. Naukowe
. Retrieved
3 April
2013
.
- ^
Jozef Wawel-Louis (1898).
Kronika rewolucyi Krakowskiej w roku 1846
. W Drukarni "Czasu" Fr. Kluczyckiego i sp
. Retrieved
3 April
2013
.
- ^
Michał ?liwa (1997).
Rok 1846 w Galicji: ludzie, wydarzenia, tradycje
. Wydawn. Nauk. Wy?szej Szkoły Pedagogicznej.
ISBN
978-83-86841-73-8
. Retrieved
3 April
2013
.
- ^
Jerzy Lukowski; Hubert Zawadzki (2006).
A Concise History of Poland
. Cambridge University Press. p. 170.
ISBN
978-0-521-85332-3
.
Archived
from the original on 19 February 2018
. Retrieved
4 April
2013
.
- ^
Marian Anusiewicz; Jan Wimmer; Tadeusz Nowak; Eligiusz Kozłowski; Mieczysław Wrzosek (1973).
Dzieje oreza polskiego, 963?1945
. pp. 195?196.
Archived
from the original on 20 February 2017
. Retrieved
4 April
2013
.
- ^
Paul Robert Magocsi; Jean W. Sedlar; Robert A. Kann; Charles Jevich; Joseph Rothschild (1974).
A History of East Central Europe: The lands of partitioned Poland, 1795?1918
. University of Washington Press. p. 133.
ISBN
978-0-295-80361-6
.
Archived
from the original on 3 December 2013
. Retrieved
4 April
2013
.
- ^
Izabella Rusinowa (1986).
Polska w latach 1795?1864: wybor tekstow ?rodłowych do nauczania historii
. Wydawn. Szkolne i Pedagog. p. 198.
ISBN
978-83-02-02790-1
.
Archived
from the original on 20 February 2017
. Retrieved
4 April
2013
.
- ^
Rocznik Biblioteki Polskiej Akademii Nauk w Krakowie
. Zakład Narodowy im. Ossoli?skich, Wydawn. Polskiej Akademii Nauk. 1963. p. 255.
Archived
from the original on 19 February 2018
. Retrieved
3 April
2013
.
Further reading
[
edit
]
- G?sowski, Tomasz (1999).
Bitwy polskie: leksykon
. Krakow: Społeczny Instytut Wydawniczy Znak.
ISBN
83-7006-787-5
.
- Kozłowski, Eligiusz; Wrzosek, Mieczysław (1984).
Historia or??a polskiego 1795?1939
. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna.
ISBN
83-214-0339-5
.
- Lawson, M. K. (2004).
Cnut ? England's Viking King
(2nd ed.). Stroud: Tempus.
ISBN
0-7524-2964-7
.
- Nowak, Tadeusz M.; Wimmer, Jan (1981).
Historia or??a polskiego 963?1795
. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna.
ISBN
83-214-0133-3
.
- Reuter, Timothy (1995).
The New Cambridge Medieval History: Volume 3, c.900?c.1024
. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 891.
ISBN
9780521364478
. Retrieved
25 August
2022
.
- Sikorski, Janusz (1972).
Zarys historii wojskowo?ci powszechnej do ko?ca wieku XIX
. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Ministerstwa Obrony Narodowej.
OCLC
20835374
.
- Winged Hussars
, Radoslaw Sikora, Bartosz Musialowicz,
BUM Magazine
, 2016.
Further reading
[
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]
Lists of wars involving European countries
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Sovereign states
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States with limited
recognition
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Dependencies and
other entities
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