Calendar year
2002
(
MMII
) was a
common year starting on Tuesday
of the
Gregorian calendar
, the 2002nd year of the
Common Era
(CE) and
Anno Domini
(AD) designations, the 2nd year of the
3rd millennium
and the
21st century
, and the 3rd year of the
2000s
decade.
Calendar year
After the
September 11 attacks
of the previous year, foreign policy and international relations were generally united in combating
al-Qaeda
and other terrorist organizations. The United States especially was a leading force in combating terrorist groups. 2002 also saw the signing and establishment of many international agreements and institutions, most notably the
International Criminal Court
, the
African Union
, the Russian-American
Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty
, and the
Eurozone
.
The global economy, partly due to the September 11 attacks, generally stagnated or declined. Stock indices, such as the American
Dow Jones Industrial Average
and the Japanese
Nikkei 225
both ended the year lower than they had started. In the later parts of 2002, the world saw the beginning of a
SARS epidemic
, which would go on to affect mostly China, Europe, and North America.
[1]
[2]
Population
[
edit
]
The
world population
on January 1, 2002, was estimated to be 6.272 billion people, and it increased to 6.353 billion people by January 1, 2003.
[3]
An estimated 134.0 million births and 52.5 million deaths took place in 2002.
[3]
The average global
life expectancy
was 67.1 years, an increase of 0.3 years from 2001.
[3]
The rate of
child mortality
was 7.05%, a decrease of 0.27
pp
from 2001.
[4]
26.85% of people were living in
extreme poverty
, a decrease of 1.40pp from 2000.
[5]
The number of global refugees was approximately 12 million at the beginning of 2002, but it declined to 10.3 million by the end of the year. Approximately 2.4 million refugees were repatriated in 2002, of which 2 million were Afghan. 293,000 additional refugees were displaced in 2002, primarily from Liberia, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Burundi, Somalia, Ivory Coast, and the Central African Republic.
[6]
Conflicts
[
edit
]
There were 31 recognised armed conflicts in 2002, a net decrease from the previous year: seven conflicts ended in 2001, while conflicts in Angola, Congo, and Ivory Coast began or resumed in 2002.
[7]
The deadliest conflicts in 2002 were those in Burundi, Colombia, Kashmir, Nepal, and Sudan.
[7]
Among developed nations in 2002, national defense shifted toward
counterterrorism
after the
September 11 attacks
and the
invasion of Afghanistan
the previous year. Conflicts in Afghanistan, Chechnya, Israel, and the Philippines were directly related to countering
Islamic terrorism
.
[8]
: 87
Internal conflicts
[
edit
]
The
Colombian conflict
escalated after far-left insurgents occupied
demilitarized zones
and kidnapped
Ingrid Betancourt
, effectively ending peace talks. The insurgents began bombing cities, and over 200,000 Colombians were displaced by the conflict in 2002.
[8]
: 91?92
The
Nepalese Civil War
escalated in 2002, with casualties approximately equaling the combined totals from 1996 to 2001; half of this increase was civilian casualties, as civilians were targeted by both the Nepali government and the communist insurgents.
[8]
: 88?89
Chechen insurgents in Russia escalated their attacks during the
Second Chechen War
,
destroying
a Russian
Mil Mi-26
in August and causing a
hostage crisis
in Moscow.
[8]
: 93?94
The
Second Liberian Civil War
also escalated, causing widespread displacement of civilians.
[9]
: 90
Conflicts that saw some form of resolution in 2002 include the
Eelam War III
in Sri Lanka, which was halted with a ceasefire agreement on February 24,
[8]
: 98
and the
Angolan Civil War
, which was resolved in April with a ceasefire between the Angolan government and
UNITA
.
[9]
: 89
Internationally brokered peace talks advanced in the
Second Sudanese Civil War
,
[8]
: 102
some factions of the
Somali Civil War
,
[8]
: 106
and the
Second Congo War
, with the latter producing an agreement on December 17 to create
a Congolese transitional government
.
[8]
: 100?101
Afghanistan underwent its first year without direct military conflict in over two decades, though sporadic attacks were carried out by the
Taliban insurgency
and
Al-Qaeda
.
[9]
: 256
An agreement was reached with the government of Burundi and the
CNDD-FDD
on December 3, but the other major faction in Burundi, the
Palipehutu-FNL
, did not participate in peace talks.
[7]
International conflicts
[
edit
]
The only direct conflict between nations in 2002 was the
India?Pakistan standoff
in Kashmir,
[7]
beginning in late 2001. This conflict was primarily one of
brinkmanship
, with the threat of
nuclear warfare
.
[8]
: 88
Riots in Gujarat and suicide bombings in
Jammu
further escalated tensions.
[10]
: 87
The two countries stood down in May.
[8]
: 88
The
Second Intifada
continued in 2002 between the
Israel Defense Forces
and Palestinian paramilitary groups with an escalation in violence. Palestinian suicide bombings became coordinated to maximize the number of civilian casualties, while the Israeli military killed approximately twice as many Palestinians in retaliation.
[10]
: 73
In response to the suicide bombings, Israel carried out
Operation Defensive Shield
in March.
[9]
: 413
Under this operation, Israel occupied much of
West Bank
,
[9]
: 413
and it and briefly held Palestinian president
Yasser Arafat
under house arrest.
[8]
: 95
The
Battle of Jenin
was particularly destructive, with the
United Nations
finding both parties to be irresponsible regarding
collateral damage
.
[8]
: 96
Culture
[
edit
]
Art and architecture
[
edit
]
Economic downturn and aftermath the September 11 attacks limited the art industry in 2002. Organizations were less willing to give
patronage
, and tourists were less willing to visit art exhibitions and museums, particularly in New York and the Middle East.
[11]
: 502
The
Documenta11
exhibition took place in
Kassel
, Germany, contributing to the early movement of art globalization with its focus on experimental and documentary works from developing nations. Traditional visual art was mostly replaced by film and photography at the exhibition.
[11]
: 503
[12]
Critically acclaimed paintings in 2002 include
The Upper Room
, a collection of paintings by
Chris Ofili
based on a drawing of a monkey by
Andy Warhol
,
[13]
and
Dispersion
, an abstract work by
Julie Mehretu
.
[14]
The architecture world focused on the rebuilding of the
World Trade Center
, and various exhibitions were held to showcase design concepts. The
Tribute in Light
was implemented on
the site
during the interim.
[15]
: 155
New structures constructed or opened in 2002 include the
Austrian Cultural Forum
in New York, the
Imperial War Museum North
in
Manchester
, the
Gallery of Horyuji Treasures
in Tokyo,
[15]
: 156
The Gherkin
in London, the
Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels
in Los Angeles, and the
Bibliotheca Alexandrina
in
Alexandria
.
[11]
: 506
The
Bronx Developmental Center
in New York,
Fallingwater
in Pennsylvania, and the
Lever House
in New York were all renovated, and the
Maslon House
was demolished in California.
[15]
: 157
Media
[
edit
]
The highest-grossing films globally in 2002 were
The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers
,
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
, and
Spider-Man
. The highest-grossing non-English film was
Hero
(Mandarin), the 28th highest-grossing film of the year.
[16]
Film was marked by several unexpected successes and failures in 2002, including the underwhelming performances of
a
Star Wars
film
,
a
James Bond
film
, and
a Disney film
, and the
word-of-mouth
success of
My Big Fat Greek Wedding
.
[17]
Critically acclaimed films from 2002 include
Adaptation
,
[18]
[19]
[20]
Far from Heaven
,
[19]
[20]
[21]
and
Talk to Her
.
[19]
[20]
[21]
Music sales in 2002 amounted to about 3 billion units, a decline of 8% from 2001.
CD
albums remained the dominant form of music, making up 89% of the market.
DVD
music sales increased by 40%, while
cassette tape
music sales decreased by 36%.
[22]
Pop music
saw a major decline in 2002 as it was overtaken by
country music
and
hip hop music
.
[23]
Globally, the best-selling albums in 2002 were
The Eminem Show
by
Eminem
,
Let Go
by
Avril Lavigne
, and the
Elvis Presley
greatest hits album
ELV1S: 30 No. 1 Hits
. The best-selling non-English album was
Mensch
(
transl.
Human
) by German singer
Herbert Gronemeyer
, the 29th best-selling album overall.
[24]
Sony
and
Microsoft
introduced online gaming services for the
PlayStation 2
and
Xbox
consoles, respectively.
[15]
: 174
Critically acclaimed video games released in 2002 include
Eternal Darkness
,
Grand Theft Auto: Vice City
,
Metroid Prime
,
Metroid Fusion
, and
Super Mario Sunshine
.
[25]
[26]
[27]
Medal of Honor: Allied Assault
was influential in the war-based
first-person shooter
genre with its portrayal of grand cinematic battles. 2002 was the final year of traditional
survival horror
before it was overtaken by action-based survival horror games in franchises such as
Resident Evil
.
[28]
Sports
[
edit
]
The
2002 Winter Olympics
were held in
Salt Lake City
, with Norway winning the most gold medals.
Allegations
that a figure skating judge was bribed to favor Russia in a
figure skating event
led to France and Russia both receiving gold medals in the event.
[11]
: 515
[29]
The
Commonwealth Games
were held in
Manchester
.
[11]
: 516
The
2002 FIFA World Cup
was held in Japan and South Korea, and it ended with a 2?0 victory by Brazil over Germany. The traditionally well-performing teams of Argentina, France, and Italy did not meet expectations, while Senegal, South Korea, Turkey, and the United States performed better than they had historically.
[11]
: 513
In boxing, the
Lennox Lewis vs. Mike Tyson
was preceded by a scuffle during a press conference.
Lennox Lewis
went on to defeat
Mike Tyson
.
[11]
: 520
[29]
In
American football
, the
Tuck Rule Game
between the
New England Patriots
and the
Oakland Raiders
became a national controversy after officials cited the obscure
tuck rule
to challenge a pass by
Tom Brady
.
[30]
Bruno Peyron
set the record for the fastest
circumnavigation
by sailing in 2002, making the trip in 64 days.
[11]
: 521
Economy
[
edit
]
International trade
increased by 1.9% in 2002, correcting from a decrease in 2001.
[31]
: 11
Most countries experienced only limited growth of output and employment in the year, and economic policy within the largest economies focused primarily on combating
inflation
.
[31]
: 1
The
gross world product
increased by 1.7%, the second lowest growth in a decade after that of 2001.
[31]
: 2
Most developed nations began 2002 in a
budget
surplus and ended in a deficit.
[31]
: 8
The
Euro
, a single official currency for the nations of the
European Union
, was introduced on January 1.
[11]
: 6
The
early 2000s recession
began to stabilize in the final months of the year.
[31]
: 1
Growth was focused in the first half of the year before tapering in the second half
[31]
: 35
as stock markets entered into a
downturn
.
[32]
Particularly affected was
AOL-Time Warner
, with its stocks losing 65% of their value by the fall.
[10]
: 100
The information technology industry in particular saw major decline in 2002
[15]
: 170
before it began its recovery from the
dot-com crash
that had previously affected it.
[11]
: 458
The telecommunications industry was affected even more severely.
[15]
: 176
The price drops associated with the September 11 attacks persisted for several months into 2002.
[31]
: 7
Latin American economies with large deficits were
severely affected
by lower prices, limiting export growth and preventing capital from entering the region, requiring further increases to the deficit.
[31]
: 3
The region overall saw a negative GDP in 2002.
[31]
: 4
Imports grew significantly in East Asia, with China competing with the United States as one of the largest export markets for other countries in the region.
[31]
: 12
Imports in Latin America and Africa decreased compared to the previous year.
[31]
: 13
The United States recovered in part from the recession that had affected the Western world, while Europe's recovery was more limited.
[11]
: 10
South America saw significant economic challenges:
Argentina's economic crisis
continued from 2001, Brazil had low confidence in its economy, and Venezuela's economy suffered amid political upheaval.
[11]
: 13
Unlike the Western world, Eastern Europe and Asia showed strong growth in 2002.
[11]
: 11
Africa did not share this growth, as it also experienced a weak economy during the year.
[11]
: 14
Several companies in the United States underwent major scandals in 2002, including the
WorldCom scandal
that led to what was then the largest bankruptcy in American history, and accounting scandals emerging from the previous year's
Enron scandal
.
[32]
Others included the
ImClone stock trading case
and fraud cases at
Adelphia
and
Tyco
. These scandals brought the arrests of several high-profile executives.
[10]
: 92?93
Environment and weather
[
edit
]
2002 was the second hottest year on record, exceeded only by
1998
.
[33]
There was below average precipitation in 2002, with droughts in Australia, northern China,
India
, and
western United States
.
[33]
Heavy rains in late 2002 caused significant flooding in eastern Asia
[33]
and central Europe.
[10]
: 77
The third
Global Environment Outlook
report was published in May.
[11]
: 465
A
major oil spill
took place off the coast of
Galicia
, Spain, when the
MV
Prestige
ruptured and sank.
[10]
: 87
The deadliest earthquake in 2002 was
a 6.1-magnitude earthquake
that struck northern Afghanistan on March 25, killing approximately 1,000 people.
[34]
The
2002 Atlantic hurricane season
saw 12
named storms
, a near-average number. Most of them were relatively minor, with only 4 four becoming hurricanes, of which two attained major hurricane status. The season's activity was limited to between July and October, a rare occurrence caused partly by El Nino conditions. The two major hurricanes,
Hurricane Isidore
and
Hurricane Lili
, both made landfall in Cuba and the United States, and combined were responsible for most of the season's damages and deaths.
[35]
The
2002 Pacific typhoon season
entailed a typical number of typhoons, but they were above average in intensity with 46% of typhoons reaching "intense strength".
Typhoon Rusa
was the deadliest typhoon in 2002, killing at least 113 people in South Korea.
[36]
Health
[
edit
]
The
World Health Organization
(WHO) recognized "reducing risks" and "promoting healthy life" as its health concern of focus in the 2002
World Health Report
.
[37]
Global food supplies reduced in 2002 amid droughts and drops in harvest yields.
[15]
: 146
Famines occurred in Ethiopia, Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
[11]
: 6
Eritrea, Lesotho, Mozambique, and Swaziland were also heavily affected by insufficient food.
[15]
: 146
The fishing industry was not affected, increasing slightly from previous years.
[15]
: 149
Politics
[
edit
]
2002 saw the creation of a new sovereign nation in
East Timor
.
[11]
: 1
Brazil, Lesotho, and Senegal established democracy in 2002 through the acceptance of fair elections, while Bahrain and Kenya moved toward democracy through the strengthening of political institutions. Democracy was disestablished in Ivory Coast and Togo following mass political violence and unfair elections, respectively.
[38]
: 14
Afghanistan underwent significant
liberalization
under a
transitional government
following end of major fighting in the
War in Afghanistan
, particularly in the capital of
Kabul
, though distant regions of the country remained oppressed by warlords.
[38]
: 15
Civil rights also increased following the end of conflicts in Angola, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Macedonia.
[38]
: 15?16
Turkey lessened its restrictions on the country's
Kurdish population
in 2002.
[38]
: 16
Terrorism
dominated politics internationally in 2002, with both terrorist acts and attempts to declare groups as terrorist organizations being prevalent throughout the year.
Islamic terrorism
was widely seen as responsible for terrorist attacks throughout the year. In response, the United States began providing military assistance against terrorists in several countries as part of
Operation Enduring Freedom
.
[11]
: 2
International law
regarding these actions had yet to be settled, and international organizations spent the year debating how action against terrorist groups should be carried out.
[11]
: 469
George W. Bush
defined an "
axis of evil
" in
an address
in January, naming Iran, Iraq, and North Korea as foreign adversaries of the United States.
Increasing tensions
between Iraq and the United States became a major geopolitical issue in 2002 amid
suspicions
that Iraq had resumed
its production of weapons of mass destruction
. The United Nations delivered
an ultimatum
for Iraq to comply with weapons inspections in late 2002.
[39]
Because of this dispute, as well Hussein's involvement with terrorist groups amid the
War on Terror
, an
invasion of Iraq
by the United States was widely expected.
[10]
: 66?71
The
Rome Statute
entered into force in July, establishing the
International Criminal Court
.
[11]
: 469
The
International Court of Justice
ruled in three cases: it ruled that
diplomatic immunity
applied to all crimes, including
crimes against humanity
, and it settled two territorial disputes, ruling in favor of Cameroon over Nigeria and in favor of Malaysia over Indonesia.
[11]
: 471?472
A lesser court was established by the United Nations in Sierra Leone prosecute figures associated with the nation's civil war.
[40]
: 470
The prosecution of former Yugoslavian
Slobodan Milo?evi?
was delayed, and the genocide portion of the charges against him was dropped.
[10]
: 86
The
Chinese Communist Party
chose
Hu Jintao
as its next leader in a November meeting.
[10]
: 87
The
African Union
formally came into existence in July.
[11]
: 7
The United Kingdom held
a Golden Jubilee
celebration for Queen
Elizabeth II
, marking fifty years as the monarch.
[10]
: 78
In Latin America, the
great depression in Argentina
continued into 2002, causing significant political turmoil. Venezuela also underwent political crisis with
an attempted coup
against President
Hugo Chavez
in April and
a national strike
against his administration later in the year.
[39]
Brazil elected the leftist president
Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva
in response to the economic instability.
[10]
: 86
Religion
[
edit
]
The
Church of England
determined in July that divorcees could marry in the church. Then in December, the church saw its first leader in centuries from outside its own membership when the Welsh
Rowan Williams
was confirmed as
Archbishop of Canterbury
.
[11]
: 447
The
Catholic Church sexual abuse scandal
continued from 2001. The church adopted rules on how to address sexual abuse allegations on January 8, and
Pope John Paul II
made his second papal statement on the matter on March 22.
[11]
: 448
Belarus made the
Russian Orthodox Church in Belarus
into the state's legally recognized religion, curtailing practice of other religions.
[11]
: 449
Islam grappled with the aftermath of the
September 11 attacks
in 2002, facing both the expansion of
Islamic terrorism
and of United States military action in combating it.
[11]
: 450
Science and technology
[
edit
]
Major genetic advances in 2002 included the discovery of
small RNA
, the genome sequence for
indica rice
, and the genome sequences for malaria carriers
anopheles gambiae
and
plasmodium falciparum
.
[11]
[41]
: 456?457
Developments were also made in understanding of
TRP channels
in taste, the role of light in a
circadian rhythm
, and the development of
3D imagery of cells
.
[41]
The hominid ancestor
Sahelanthropus
was identified in 2002 from fossils found in Chad.
[15]
: 150
Bavarian pine voles
were discovered in Austria after being thought extinct in the 1960s.
[11]
: 467
Archeological finds in 2002 included
the alleged ossuary
of
James, brother of Jesus
;
red ochre
cave art in the
Blombos Cave
in South Africa, created approximately 77,000 years ago and the oldest known artwork; the largest
Etruscan civilization
settlement found to date, from approximately 2,600 years ago;
a collection of bamboo slips
featuring 200,000 characters of calligraphy from the
Qin dynasty
;
two stone slabs
featuring the Indian emperor
Ashoka
; ancient irrigation canals under
Tucson, Arizona
; a
Mayan mural
in
San Bartolo
, Guatemala; an Aztec shrine on
Pico de Orizaba
in Mexico; and the Palace of Parliament of
Upper Canada
that had been destroyed in the
War of 1812
.
[15]
: 152?154
The September 11 attacks of the previous year caused a shift in focus among cultural anthropologists to the study of violence in society.
[15]
: 151
61 successful and four failed space launches took place in 2002.
NASA
launches included the
Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager
, the
Aqua
research satellite, and a
Polar Operational Environmental Satellite
.
[42]
The
European Space Agency
launched the
Meteosat 8
satellite in August and the
INTEGRAL
observatory in October. It also saw the launch of the
Envisat
satellite.
[11]
: 453?454
China launched the
Shenzhou 3
and
Shenzhou 4
missions in March and December, respectively.
[11]
: 454
Study with the
Cosmic Background Imager
revealed a more detailed image of
cosmic background radiation
, and telescopes were able to counteract the scattering effect of Earth's atmosphere through
adaptive optics
.
[41]
Hybrid vehicles
first saw widespread popularity in 2002.
[10]
: 94?95
The
open-source-software movement
saw growth throughout the year, in part because of Microsoft's success in avoiding tighter regulations in court.
[11]
: 458
Action by the Chinese government to block
Google
in China provoked a
hacktivist
movement in the United States that worked to circumvent such restrictions in authoritarian nations.
[15]
: 175
New developments in
peer-to-peer
sharing allowed decentralized
file sharing
between computers, causing a proliferation of
online piracy
.
Blogging
also became a common practice in 2002.
[11]
: 460
Klez
was a
computer worm
that spread extensively in 2002 before public awareness limited its effectiveness.
[15]
: 175
Events
[
edit
]
January
[
edit
]
February
[
edit
]
- February 3
?
2002 Afyon earthquake
: A 6.0 magnitude earthquake strikes
Afyonkarahisar Province
, Turkey, killing 41 people and damaging thousands of buildings.
[51]
- February 6
?
Queen Elizabeth II
of the
Commonwealth realms
celebrates her
Golden Jubilee
, marking 50 years since her accession to the thrones of the
United Kingdom
,
Canada
,
Australia
and
New Zealand
.
[52]
- February 8
?
24
? The
2002 Winter Olympics
are held in
Salt Lake City, Utah
.
[53]
- February 12
? The
trial of Slobodan Milo?evi?
, the former president of
Yugoslavia
, begins at the
International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia
in
The Hague
.
[54]
- February 14
? The
State of Bahrain
is declared a
constitutional monarchy
and becomes the
Kingdom of Bahrain
.
[55]
- February 19
?
NASA
's
2001 Mars Odyssey
space probe
begins to map the surface of
Mars
using its thermal emission imaging system.
[56]
- February 20
?
2002 El Ayyat railway accident
: A train fire in
El Ayyat
, Egypt kills at least 370 people.
[57]
- February 22
- February 27
? A mob
attacks
a train near
Godhra
, India, killing approximately 59 people.
[61]
The state of Gujarat breaks out into
riots
, including the
Gulbarg Society massacre
on February 28 that kills approximately 69 people.
[62]
March
[
edit
]
- March ?
2002?2003 conflict in the Pool Department
: The
Ninja militia
attacks government forces in the Republic of the Congo, triggering a long-term conflict.
[63]
- March 1
? The
Envisat
environmental satellite
is launched, with its purpose being the recording of information on environmental change.
[64]
- March 3
? Switzerland votes in favor of a referendum to join the
United Nations
, challenging a long-held tradition of neutrality and isolationism.
[65]
- March 2
?
10
? Afghan and coalition troops carry out
Operation Anaconda
in the
Shah-i-Kot Valley
, the largest combat operation against Al-Qaeda and the Taliban to that point.
[66]
- March 11
? A fire at a girls' school in
Mecca
, Saudi Arabia kills 15 students. The deaths are attributed to
Islamic religious police
that prevented the girls from leaving because their dress did not comply with Islamic standards of modesty.
[67]
- March 25
?
2002 Hindu Kush earthquakes
: A 6.1 magnitude earthquake strikes
Nahrin
, Afghanistan, killing 800 people and leaving 10,000 homeless.
[68]
- March 27
? A Palestinian
suicide bomber kills
30 people and injures 140 others at a hotel in
Netanya
,
Israel
.
[69]
- March 29
? In response to increasing terrorist attacks by Palestinians, Israeli initiates
Operation Defensive Shield
, a large-scale counter-terrorism operation in the
West Bank
.
[70]
April
[
edit
]
June
[
edit
]
- Via Trading
wholesale company is founded in California.
[95]
- June 4
- June 6
? An object with an estimated diameter of 10 meters
enters the Earth's atmosphere
over the
Mediterranean
and detonates in mid-air.
[99]
- June 10
- Solar eclipse of June 10, 2002
: A large annular solar eclipse covers over 99% of the Sun, creating a dramatic spectacle for observers in a narrow path at most 13 km wide; it lasts just 23 seconds at the point of maximum eclipse. It is seen from Australasia, across the Pacific and the Mexico coast, and is the 35th solar eclipse of
Solar Saros 137
.
- British scientist
Kevin Warwick
carries out first direct electronic communication experiment between the nervous systems of two humans.
[100]
- June 13
? Afghanistan changes its official longform name to the
Transitional Islamic State of Afghanistan
.
[101]
[102]
- June 22
?
2002 Bou'in-Zahra earthquake
: A 6.3 magnitude earthquake strikes north-western Iran, killing approximately 440 people.
[103]
- June 24
? A passenger train
collides with a freight train
in
Dodoma Region
,
Tanzania
, killing 281 people, making it the worst rail accident in African history.
[104]
- June 29
?
Second Battle of Yeonpyeong
: During the
2002 FIFA World Cup
in
South Korea
and
Japan
, two North Korean patrol boats cross a contested border in between the two Koreas and attack two South Korean
Chamsuri-class patrol boats
.
[105]
- June 30
?
2002 FIFA World Cup
: Brazil beats Germany 2?0 in the
2002 FIFA World Cup Final
with
Ronaldo
scoring the two goals; Brazil's captain
Cafu
, who becomes the first player to appear in three successive World Cup finals, accepts the trophy on behalf of the team.
[106]
July
[
edit
]
August
[
edit
]
September
[
edit
]
October
[
edit
]
November
[
edit
]
- November 7
? A
sovereignty referendum
is held in
Gibraltar
. The people reject Spanish sovereignty.
[131]
- November 8
? The
United Nations Security Council
unanimously adopts
Resolution 1441
, forcing
Iraq
to either
disarm or face
"serious consequences".
[132]
Iraq agrees to the terms of the resolution on November 13.
[132]
- November 13
?
Prestige
oil spill
: Greek oil tanker
MV
Prestige
begins spilling oil coast of
Galicia
. It will continue until November 19, spilling 60,000 tonnes of oil in the worst environmental disaster in the history of the
Iberian Peninsula
.
[133]
- November 16
?
2002?2004 SARS outbreak
: The first case of the
Severe acute respiratory syndrome
(SARS) epidemic, a
zoonosis
caused by a
coronavirus
, is recorded in
Guangdong
province of south China.
[134]
[135]
- November 20
?
Miss World riots
: Muslims in Nigeria riot against the
Miss World
pageant, killing hundreds.
[136]
- November 25
? U.S. President
George W. Bush
signs the
Homeland Security Act
into law, establishing the
Department of Homeland Security
, in the largest U.S. government reorganization since the creation of the
Department of Defense
in
1947
.
[137]
Following a several month-long transitional period, it commences operations the following year.
- November 28
?
2002 Mombasa attacks
: Suicide bombers blow up an Israeli-owned hotel in
Mombasa
, Kenya, but their colleagues fail in their attempt to bring down an
Arkia Israel Airlines
charter flight with surface-to-air-missiles.
[138]
December
[
edit
]
Births and deaths
[
edit
]
Nobel Prizes
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
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