From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Calendar year
1580
(
MDLXXX
) was a
leap year starting on Friday
of the
Julian calendar
, the 1580th year of the
Common Era
(CE) and
Anno Domini
(AD) designations, the 580th year of the
2nd millennium
, the 80th year of the
16th century
, and the 1st year of the
1580s
decade. As of the start of 1580, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which was the dominant calendar of the time.
Calendar year
Events
[
edit
]
January–March
[
edit
]
- January 31
–
Portuguese succession crisis of 1580
: The death of
Henry, King of Portugal
, with no direct heirs, leads to conflict between his potential successors, including King
Philip II of Spain
and
Infanta Catherine, Duchess of Braganza
.
[1]
- February 16
– The massacre of 20 artists at the
Mardi Gras
festivities at the annual
Carnaval de Romans
during the festival takes place in France at Romans-sur-Isere.
[2]
- February 28
– Three Jesuit priests from
Portuguese Goa
, including
Rodolfo Acquaviva
, arrive in
Agra
on the mainland of India as guests of the
Mughal Emperor
,
Akbar the Great
, who is curious about
Christianity
. The Emperor grants land to the Jesuit fathers for the building of
the first Roman Catholic Church in the Mughal Empire
.
[3]
- March 1
–
Michel de Montaigne
signs the preface to his most significant work,
Essays
. They are published later this year.
[4]
- March 3
–
George de Lalaing, Count of Rennenberg
defects from the Union of Utrecht and the Dutch Republic, and turns over the
province of Groningen
to King Philip II of Spain.
- March 25
–
Iberian Union
: King
Philip II of Spain
becomes King of Portugal under the name Philip I, following the death without heirs of King
Henry of Portugal
, in a
personal union
of the crowns, thus maintaining Portuguese independence (in Europe and throughout the
Portuguese Empire
).
[1]
The
Philippine Dynasty
rule lasts until
1640
.
April–June
[
edit
]
- April 6
– The
Dover Straits earthquake
occurs.
[5]
- April 9
–
English Fury at Mechelen
: English and Scottish mercenaries, assisting the Dutch Republic, storm the Spanish Netherlands city of
Mechelen
(in modern-day Belgium), killing 60 civilians and plundering the town's houses and churches.
[6]
- May 29
–
Stephen Bathory
is formally crowned as Grand Duke of Lithuania at the
Vilnius Cathedral
.
[7]
- May
– The
Lipizzan
stud is established by
Charles II, Archduke of Austria
.
- June 5
– In the
Kingdom of Golconda
(part of the modern-day Indian state of
Telangana
), 15-year-old
Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah
is proclaimed as the new Sultan upon the death of his father,
Ibrahim Quli Qutb Shah Wali
.
- June 9
– Rebels of the Dutch Union of Utrecht, aided by French soldiers,
make a surprise attack
on the Spanish Netherlands city of
Diest
in the
Duchy of Brabant
, and overwhelm the strategic location, now in Belgium, in one day.
[8]
- June 11
– Within the Viceroyalty of Peru in South America Spanish explorer
Juan de Garay
founds the first permanent Spanish settlement at what is now the capital of
Argentina
, on the
Rio de la Plata
. Garay, who came on an expedition down the
Parana River
from
Asuncion
(now in Paraguay), arrives at the site of the failed Spanish settlement of Ciudad de Nuestra Senora Santa Maria del Buen Ayre, that had been created by
Pedro de Mendoza
in 1536 and abandoned in 1542. Garay names the new settlement "Santisima Trinidad" but the city eventually takes the name of the port, which he calls "Puerto de Santa Maria de los
Buenos Aires
."
[9]
- June 21
(8
Cemazi ul-evvel
988 AH) –
England
signs a commercial treaty with the
Ottoman Empire
, and Sultan Murad III sends a letter to Queen Elizabeth I informing her, "Just as the merchants of Poland and France and Venice come and go, the merchants of your domain also shall bring wares to our Well-Protected Domains and take away wares."
[10]
In return, Murad III is able to purchase English metals (iron, brass and tin) for his war with
Persia
.
[11]
- June 25
– The
Book of Concord
, a collection of
Lutheran
confessional documents, is published.
July–September
[
edit
]
- July 12
– The
Ostrog Bible
, the first complete printed
Bible translation into a Slavic language
(
Old Church Slavonic
), is first printed at
Ostroh
in the
Polish?Lithuanian Commonwealth
(modern-day
Ukraine
) by
Ivan Fyodorov
.
[12]
- July 24
–
Portuguese succession crisis of 1580
:
Antonio, Prior of Crato
, a grandson of the late King Manuel by Manuel's second son, the
Duke of Beja
is proclaimed King of Portugal by his supporters in the city of
Santarem
, and popular acclamation follows in
Lisbon
and other locations.
[13]
[14]
Portugal's parliament, the Cortes, refuses to acknowledge Antonio and he is defeated 32 days later at Alcantara.
- August 25
–
Battle of Alcantara
: Spanish armies, led by
Fernando Alvarez de Toledo
, defending the claim of King
Philip II of Spain
to the
Portuguese throne
, defeat the armies of Portuguese claimant
Antonio, Prior of Crato
.
[15]
- September 26
–
Francis Drake
returns to
Plymouth
, England from his
voyage of circumnavigation
(westbound) on the
Golden Hind
,
[16]
the second completed in a continuous voyage, and the first under its original commander.
- September 29
– Five of the seven provinces of the Dutch Republic (with the exception of
Zeeland
and
Holland
) sign the
Treaty of Plessis-les-Tours
, recognizing
Francis, Duke of Anjou
as the Republic's sovereign.
October–December
[
edit
]
- October 4
–
Lorenzo Suarez de Mendoza
, the Spanish Count of Coruna, arrives in Mexico City to take office as the
Viceroy of New Spain
, administering Mexico and Central America on behalf of King Philip II.
[17]
- October 15
(5th waning of Tazaungmon 942 ME) –
King Bayinnaung
of Bruma dispatches a naval force of 200 ships and 8,000 soldiers to invade the
Kingdom of Mrauk U
(now in the Rakhine State of Myanmar), but the attempt fails after a year. Burmese troops are ordered withdrawn after Bayinnaung dies and is succeeded by his son
Nanda Bayin
.
[18]
- October 18
– The
Siege of Steenwijk
in the Dutch Republic is started by the Spanish Netherlands. The siege will last four months and the Spanish troops will capture Steenwijk on February 23.
- October 24
– The
War of the Portuguese Succession
comes to an end as Spanish forces crush the final Portuguese resistance in the last stronghold in mainland Portugal,
Porto
. For the next 60 years, Portugal will be ruled by the Kings of Spain.
- November 10
–
Second Desmond Rebellion
: The
Siege of Smerwick
(now Ard na Caithne in County Kerry, Ireland) ends after three days when their commander surrenders to the English. Members of a group of at least 400 freelance soldiers, and perhaps as many as 700, for the
Papal States
are summarily executed on orders of the English Lord Deputy of Ireland,
Baron Grey de Wilton
.
[19]
- December 31
–
James Douglas, 4th Earl of Morton
, formerly the regent for King James VI of Scotland, is arrested during a meeting of Scotland's Privy Council at
Holyrood
on the accusation of
James Stewart, Earl of Arran
that the Earl of Morton had participated in the 1567 murder of Lord Darnley, husband of Mary, Queen of Scots and father of King James.
[20]
Morton is taken to
Dumbarton Castle
and convicted of conspiracy to murder, and executed on June 2.
Date unknown
[
edit
]
- The
Billy Mitchell
volcano, on the island of Bougainville, undergoes a catastrophic eruption (VEI 6).
- The first session of the Jewish
Vaad
(
Council of Four Lands
) is held in
Lublin
,
Poland
; 70 delegates of Jewish local
qahals
meet to discuss taxation, and other issues important to Jewish communities.
- The
Old City of Zamo??
is established in Poland, by
Jan Zamoyski
.
- The
1580 influenza pandemic
sweeps the world, starting in Asia and moving rapidly through Africa, Europe, and eventually the Americas. More than 10% of the population of Rome dies, and whole towns in Spain are depopulated.
[21]
Births
[
edit
]
- January 8
–
Jens Hermansson Juel
, Stattholder of Norway (d.
1634
)
- January 12
- January 20
–
Stefano Amadei
, Italian painter (d.
1644
)
- January 29
–
Willem Isaacsz Swanenburg
, Dutch engraver (d.
1612
)
- January 30
–
Gundakar, Prince of Liechtenstein
, court official in Vienna (d.
1658
)
- January
–
John Smith
, English explorer and Virginia settler (d.
1631
)
- February
–
John Digby, 1st Earl of Bristol
, English diplomat (d.
1653
)
- February 1
–
Francis Fane, 1st Earl of Westmorland
, English noble (d.
1629
)
- February 2
–
Jens Bjelke
, Norwegian noble (d.
1659
)
- February 22
–
Charles de l'Aubespine, marquis de Chateauneuf
, French diplomat and government official (d.
1653
)
- February 24
–
Matthias Hoe von Hoenegg
, German theologian (d.
1645
)
- February 28
- March 31
–
Bogislaw XIV, Duke of Pomerania
(d.
1637
)
- April 8
- April 18
– (baptism)
Thomas Middleton
, English playwright (d.
1627
)
[22]
- April 24
–
Miguel Avellan
, Spanish Catholic prelate, Auxiliary Bishop of Toledo from 1633 (d.
1650
)
- May 5
- May 6
–
Charles Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua and Montferrat
, French noble (d.
1637
)
- May 14
–
Bassam Al-Soukaria
, Lebanese army commander (d.
1667
)
- May 30
–
Fadrique de Toledo, 1st Marquis of Villanueva de Valdueza
, Spanish noble and admiral (d.
1634
)
- June 6
–
Godefroy Wendelin
, Flemish astronomer (d.
1667
)
- June 9
–
Daniel Heinsius
, Dutch scholar (d.
1655
)
- June 12
–
Adriaan van Stalbemt
, Flemish Baroque painter (d.
1662
)
- June 14
–
Elisabeth Magdalena of Pomerania
, German duchess (d.
1649
)
- June 26
- July 5
–
Carlo Contarini
, Doge of Venice (d.
1656
)
- July 6
–
Johann Stobaus
, German composer (d.
1646
)
- July 10
–
Humphrey Chetham
, English merchant (d.
1653
)
- July 18
–
Giovanni Giacomo Semenza
, Italian painter (d.
1638
)
- July 29
–
Francesco Mochi
, Italian early-Baroque sculptor (d.
1654
)
- August 2
–
Prince Jeongwon
, Korean prince (d.
1619
)
- August 19
–
Pierre Vernier
, French mathematician (d.
1637
)
- September 4
–
George Percy
, English explorer (d.
1632
)
- September 14
- September 15
- September 17
–
Countess Charlotte Brabantina of Nassau
, Belgian noble (d.
1631
)
- September 24
–
Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg
, Duchess consort of Pomerania (d.
1653
)
- October 8
–
Gabor Esterhazy (1580?1626)
, Hungarian noble (d.
1626
)
- October 12
–
Hortensio Felix Paravicino
, Spanish preacher and poet from the noble house of Pallavicini (d.
1633
)
- October 20
–
Peter Cruger
, German astronomer and mathematician (d.
1639
)
- October 30
–
Armand-Nompar de Caumont, duc de La Force
, Marshal of France (d.
1675
)
- November 9
–
Johannes Narssius
, Dutch physician and poet (d.
1637
)
- December 1
–
Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc
, French astronomer (d.
1637
)
- December 4
- date unknown
- Philipp Cluver
, German geographer and historian (d.
1623
)
- Francesco Fontana
, Italian lawyer and astronomer (d.
1656
)
- Dirk Hartog
, Dutch ship's captain and explorer (d.
1621
)
- Jean Jannon
, Swiss-born typefounder (d.
1658
)
- Robert Killigrew
, English courtier, politician, ambassador and knight (d.
1633
)
- Willebrord Snellius
, Dutch astronomer and mathematician (d.
1626
)
- Raphael Sobiehrd-Mnishovsky
, Bohemian lawyer and writer (d.
1644
)
- Pierre Vernier
, French mathematician and instrument inventor (d.
1637
)
- Krzysztof Zbaraski
, Polish nobleman (d.
1627
)
- George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore
, English politician and colonizer (d.
1623
)
- probable
Deaths
[
edit
]
- January 5
–
Anna Sibylle of Hanau-Lichtenberg
, German noblewoman (b.
1542
)
- January 18
- January 31
– King
Henry of Portugal
(b.
1512
)
[24]
- February 2
–
Bessho Nagaharu
, Japanese retainer (b.
1558
)
- February 24
–
Henry FitzAlan, 19th Earl of Arundel
, English nobleman (b.
1511
)
- April 20
–
Francesco Alciati
, Italian Catholic cardinal (b.
1522
)
- May 3
–
Thomas Tusser
, English poet and farmer (b. c.
1524
)
- May 31
–
Dorothea of Denmark, Electress Palatine
, Princess of Denmark, Sweden and Norway (b.
1520
)
- June 10
–
Luis de Camoes
, Portuguese poet (b. c.
1524
)
[25]
- June 18
–
Juliana of Stolberg
, German countess (b.
1506
)
- August 1
–
Albrecht Giese
, German politician and diplomat (b.
1524
)
- August 12
–
Luca Longhi
, Italian painter (b.
1507
)
- August 15
–
Vincenzo Borghini
, Italian monk (b.
1515
)
- August 19
–
Andrea Palladio
, Italian architect (b.
1508
)
[26]
- August 20
–
Jeronimo Osorio
, Portuguese historian (b.
1506
)
- August 28
–
Antonin Brus of Mohelnice
, Moravian Catholic archbishop (b.
1518
)
- August 30
–
Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy
(b.
1528
)
- September 19
–
Catherine Brandon, Duchess of Suffolk
, English noblewoman (b.
1519
)
- September 20
–
Honorat II of Savoy
, French Navy admiral (b.
1511
)
- September
–
Anne de Pisseleu d'Heilly
, French royal mistress and cultural patron (b.
1508
)
- October 1
–
John II, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Haderslev
(b.
1521
)
- October 5
–
Matsudaira Shigeyoshi
, Japanese general (b.
1493
)
- October 8
–
Hieronymus Wolf
, German historian (b.
1516
)
- October 26
–
Anna of Austria, Queen of Spain
(b.
1549
)
- November 3
–
Jeronimo Zurita y Castro
, Spanish historian (b.
1512
)
- November 16
–
Marie of Baden-Sponheim
, German noblewoman (b.
1507
- November 30
–
Richard Farrant
, English composer (b.
1530
)
- December 1
–
Giovanni Morone
, Italian Catholic cardinal (b.
1509
)
- date unknown
- possible date
References
[
edit
]
- ^
a
b
Dionysius Lardner
, ed.,
The History of Spain and Portugal
, vol. 5, part of the
Cabinet Cyclopaedia
. London: Longman, Rees, et al., 1832. See pages 208-209.
- ^
Mack P. Holt,
The French Wars of Religion, 1562?1629
(Cambridge University Press, 2005) p.116
- ^
Joao Vicente Melo,
Jesuit and English Experiences at the Mughal Court, C. 1580?1615
(Springer, 2022) p.26
- ^
Michel de Montaigne (1887).
Works of Michael de Montaigne: Comprising His Essays, Journey Into Italy, and Letters
. Houghton, Mifflin. p. 471.
- ^
Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992).
The Chronology of British History
. London: Century Ltd. pp. 160?162.
ISBN
0-7126-5616-2
.
- ^
J.D. Tracy,
The Founding of the Dutch Republic: War, Finance, and Politics in Holland 1572?1588
(Oxford University Press, 2008) pp.157-158
- ^
J?rat? Kiaupien? and ; Ing? Luk?ait?,
Lietuvos Istorija
(in Lithuanian), Vol. V:
Lietuvos Did?ioji Kunigaik?tyst? 1529?1588 metais
("The Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the years 1529?1588") (Baltos Lankos, 2013). pp. 264
- ^
Edouard Van Even,
Geschiedenis der stad Diest
("History of the city of Diest") (Drukkery van Ad. Havermans, 1847), p.172
- ^
"11 de Junio de 1580: Segunda fundacion de Buenos Aires", Calendario Historico, BuenosAires.gov.ar
- ^
Viorel Panaite,
Ottoman Law of War and Peace: The Ottoman Empire and Its Tribute-Payers from the North of the Danube
(Brill, 2019) p.335
- ^
Williams, Hywel (2005).
Cassell's Chronology of World History
. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp.
230?233
.
ISBN
0-304-35730-8
.
- ^
Joze Krasovec (1 October 1999).
The Interpretation of the Bible: The International Symposium in Slovenia
. A&C Black. p. 676.
ISBN
978-0-567-34563-9
.
- ^
"Antonio, Prior of Crato", by David Hannay,
Encyclopædia Britannica
, Volume 2 (11th ed.) (Cambridge University Press, 2011)
- ^
Carlos Melo Bento,
Historia dos Acores: Da descoberta a 1934
(in Portuguese) (Camara Municipal de Ponta Delgada, 2008) p.34
- ^
Portuguese Studies Review
. Baywolf Press. 2005. p. 71.
- ^
Penguin Pocket On This Day
. Penguin Reference Library. 2006.
ISBN
0-14-102715-0
.
- ^
Fernando Orozco Linares,
Gobernantes de Mexico
(Panorama Editorial, 1985)
- ^
Maha Yazawin
, Vol. 3 (Ya-Pyei Publishing, 2006) p.71
- ^
Tony Pollard and Iain Banks,
Scorched Earth: Studies in the Archaeology of Conflict
(Brill, 2007) p.222
- ^
George R. Hewitt,
Scotland under Morton 1572-80
(John Donald Publishing, 1982), pp.76-77
- ^
Beveridge, W.I.B. (1991).
"The Chronicle of Influenza Epidemics"
.
History and Philosophy of the Life Sciences
.
13
(2): 223?234.
JSTOR
23331022
.
PMID
1724803
.
- ^
Michelle O'Callaghan (7 March 2009).
Thomas Middleton, Renaissance Dramatist
. Edinburgh University Press. p. 5.
ISBN
978-0-7486-3169-8
.
- ^
Myrtle Byram McGraw (1941).
The Child in Painting
. Greystone Press. p. 12.
- ^
Dauril Alden (1996).
The Making of an Enterprise: The Society of Jesus in Portugal, Its Empire, and Beyond, 1540-1750
. Stanford University Press. p. 90.
ISBN
978-0-8047-2271-1
.
- ^
Luis de Camoes (1966).
The Lusiads of Luiz de Camoes
. Hispanic Society of America. p. xxix.
- ^
Dissertation Abstracts International: The humanities and social sciences. A
. University Microfilms. 1978. p. 2628.