From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Calendar year
October 26
:
Battle of Myeongnyang
1597
(
MDXCVII
) was a
common year starting on Wednesday
of the
Gregorian calendar
and a
common year starting on Saturday
of the
Julian calendar
, the 1597th year of the
Common Era
(CE) and
Anno Domini
(AD) designations, the 597th year of the
2nd millennium
, the 97th year of the
16th century
, and the 8th year of the
1590s
decade. As of the start of 1597, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
Events
[
edit
]
Andreas Libavius's
Alchemia
, an early chemistry text, is published.
January?March
[
edit
]
- January 4
? Japan's Chancellor of the Realm,
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
, sends
26 European Christians
, arrested on December 8, 1596, on a forced march from
Kyoto
to
Nagasaki
.
- January 24
?
Battle of Turnhout
:
Maurice of Nassau
defeats a Spanish force under Jean de Rie of Varas, in the Netherlands.
[1]
- February 5
? In
Japan
,
26 European Catholic Christians
are executed in
Nagasaki
by crucifixion. They had the misfortune of being shipwrecked on the Japanese coast on October 19, 1596.
- February 8
? Sir
Anthony Shirley
, England's "best-educated pirate", raids
Jamaica
.
- February 24
? The last battle of the
Cudgel War
is fought on the
Santavuori Hill
in
Ilmajoki
,
Ostrobothnia
.
[2]
- March 11
?
Amiens is taken
by
Spanish
forces.
April?June
[
edit
]
- April 10
? The
Serb uprising of 1596?97
ends in defeat for the rebels, at the field of
Gacko
(
Gata?ko Polje
).
- April 19
? Prince
Nyaungyan Min
ignores the orders of King
Nanda Bayin
of
Burma
and seizes control of the Kingdom of Ava (now in Upper Myanmar)
- April 23
? Probable first performance of
William Shakespeare
's
The Merry Wives of Windsor
.
- April 27
?
Johannes Kepler
marries Barbara Muhleck.
[3]
- May 13
? King Henry IV of France and England's General
Thomas Baskerville
begin the
siege of the city of Amiens
in France, which had been captured on March 11 by the Spanish Army. The city is recaptured by September 25.
- May 27
? The
Kingdom of Kotte
, on most of the western side of the island of
Sri Lanka
, upon the death of
King Dharmapala
. With no heirs, Dharmapala had made a will bequeathing the entire kingdom to the European nation of
Portugal
, creating the territory of
Portuguese Ceylon
(
Puruthugisi Lankawa
or
Porthueka Ilankai
).
- June 13
? The
Staten-Generaal
of the
Dutch Republic
approves a proposal for the
Generaliteitscollege
, a common board for the Republic's five separate navies, the
Admiralty of Amsterdam
, the
Admiralty of Rotterdam
, the
Admiralty of Zeeland
, the
Admiralty of the Noorderkwartier
and the
Admiralty of Friesland
.
July?September
[
edit
]
- July 14
? Scottish poet
Alexander Montgomerie
is declared an
outlaw
, after the collapse of a Catholic plot.
- July 28
? After the performance of the satirical play
The Isle of Dogs
, written by
Thomas Nashe
and
Ben Jonson
, at the
Swan Theatre
, the
Privy Council of England
concludes that the "lewd play" is full of
seditious
and
slanderous
matter. Jonson is arrested, along with two actors,
Gabriel Spenser
and Robert Shaa, and the three are sent to
Marshalsea Prison
. A raid on the home of Thomas Nashe seizes his papers, but Nashe is not found. The three prisoners are released later in the year and return to the stage. All copies of
The Isle of Dogs
script are destroyed.
- August 13
? The
Siege of Namwon
begins in
Korea
.
- August 14
?
First Dutch Expedition to Indonesia
: A
Dutch
expedition commanded by
Cornelis de Houtman
returns to
Amsterdam
, after having successfully reached
Java
. This achievement opens the
Spice trade
, which had until then been monopolised by the
Portuguese
, to the Dutch, who in the next years launch several more expeditions to the Indies.
- August 17
?
Islands Voyage
:
Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of Essex
, and Sir
Walter Raleigh
set sail on an expedition to the
Azores
.
- August 19
?
Rheinberg capitulates
to forces led by Maurice of Naussau.
- August 24
?
Christian IV of Denmark-Norway
refuses to let
Tycho Brahe
return to
Denmark
.
- August 28
?
Imjin War
:
Battle of Chilcheollyang
? The
Japanese
fleet defeats the
Koreans
, in their only naval victory of the war.
[4]
- September 25
?
Amiens is retaken
from the Spanish by Anglo-French forces, led by
Henry IV of France
, after a four-month siege.
October?December
[
edit
]
- October 18
? The
3rd Spanish Armada
, a fleet of 140 ships, departs from the port of
La Coruna
with 12,634 soldiers and sailors and a plan to invade the British Isles with a landing at
Falmouth
in
Cornwall
.
[5]
- October 21
? The Spanish Armada reaches the
English Channel
without opposition. An English ship sees the invading force's approach, but is intercepted and sunk, with the survivors being taken prisoner. The Armada encounters a storm the next day.
[6]
- October 25
? Following the loss of an artillery ship and the galleon
San Bartolome
, Spanish Admiral
Diego Brochero
orders the remaining ships in the attacking Armada to disperse until the weather improves.
[6]
- October 26
?
Battle of Myeongnyang
: The Koreans, commanded by
Yi Sunsin
, are victorious over a Japanese invasion fleet.
- November 10
? In the last major action during the war of the
3rd Spanish Armada
, the galleon
Bear of Amsterdam
is captured as it approaches Falmouth, where an English squadron intercepts it and leads it into Dartmouth.
- November 12
?
Lingen capitulates
to forces led by
Maurice of Nassau
.
- November 21
? The remainder of the 3rd Spanish Armada is assembled at La Coruna. Only 108 of the original fleet of 140 ships is left, and many of the vessels require food and supplies. King Philip elects not to attempt another invasion of the British Isles.
- December 6
? Queen Elizabeth of England appoints
George Nicholson
as the English Resident in Scotland, the
London
's chief diplomatic official to
Edinburgh
, with a letter of accreditation for Nicholson to present to King James VI of Scotland.
[7]
- December 7
?
Lazzaro Grimaldi Ceba
is elected as the new
Doge
of the
Republic of Genoa
, as the previous chief executive,
Matteo Senarega
completes his two-year term. Senarega is given the post of
procuratore perpetuo
.
- December 23
Date unknown
[
edit
]
Births
[
edit
]
Henry Gage
Justus Sustermans
January?March
[
edit
]
- January 12
?
Francois Duquesnoy
, Flemish Baroque sculptor in Rome (d.
1643
)
- January 25
?
Johann Philipp, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
, German Duke (d.
1639
)
- January 31
?
John Francis Regis
, French Jesuit priest (d.
1640
)
- February 24
?
Vincent Voiture
, French poet (d.
1648
)
[10]
- March 1
?
Jean-Charles de la Faille
, Belgian mathematician (d.
1652
)
- March 10
?
Ercole Gennari
, Italian drawer and painter (d.
1658
)
- March 18
?
Jerome le Royer de la Dauversiere
, French nobleman, founder of Montreal and an order of nursing Sisters (d.
1659
)
- March 21
?
Juan Alonso y Ocon
, Spanish Catholic prelate, Archbishop of La Plata o Charcas (d.
1656
)
- March 27
?
William Hyde
, President of English College, Douai (d.
1651
)
April?June
[
edit
]
- April 9
?
John Davenport
, English Puritan clergyman, co-founder of the American colony of New Haven (d.
1670
)
- April 13
?
Giovanni Battista Hodierna
, Italian astronomer (d.
1660
)
- April 23
?
Alvise Contarini
, Italian diplomat, nobleman (d.
1651
)
- May 13
?
Cornelis Schut
, Flemish painter, draughtsman and engraver (d.
1655
)
- May 15
?
Squire Bence
, English politician (d.
1648
)
- May 25
?
Veit Erbermann
, German theologian (d.
1675
)
- May 31
?
Jean-Louis Guez de Balzac
, French author (d.
1654
)
- June 9
?
Pieter Jansz. Saenredam
, Dutch painter (d.
1665
)
July?September
[
edit
]
October?December
[
edit
]
Date unknown
[
edit
]
Deaths
[
edit
]
Willem Barentsz
Edward Kelley
Saint
Peter Canisius
- January 29
- February 2
?
James Burbage
, English actor
- February 5
- Francisco Blanco
, Spanish
Franciscan
and
Roman Catholic
priest, missionary, martyr and saint (b.
1570
)
- Gonsalo Garcia
, Portuguese
Franciscan
and
Roman Catholic
priest, missionary, martyr and saint (b.
1557
)
- Paulo Miki
, Japanese
Roman Catholic
priest, martyr and saint (b.
c.
1562
)
- Philip of Jesus
, Mexican
Roman Catholic
priest, missionary, martyr and saint (b.
1572
)
- 26 Martyrs of Japan
- February 6
?
Franciscus Patricius
, Italian philosopher and scientist (b.
1529
)
- February 16
?
Gilbert Genebrard
, French
Roman Catholic
archbishop (b.
1535
)
- March 6
?
William Brooke, 10th Baron Cobham
, English noble and politician (b.
1527
)
- April 2
?
Blas Valera
, Peruvian historian (b.
1545
)
- April 16
?
Caspar Cruciger the Younger
, German theologian (b.
1525
)
- June 6
?
William Hunnis
, English poet
- June 8
?
Barbara of Hesse
(b.
1536
)
- June 9
?
Jose de Anchieta
, Spanish
Jesuit
missionary (b.
1534
)
- June 18
?
Markus Fugger
, German businessman (b.
1529
)
- June 20
?
Willem Barents
, Dutch navigator and explorer (b.
c.
1550
)
[11]
- July 8
?
Luis Frois
, Portuguese
Jesuit
missionary (b.
1532
)
- July 19
?
Gunilla Bielke
, Queen of Sweden (b.
1568
)
- July 20
?
Franciscus Raphelengius
, Dutch printer (b.
1539
)
- July 22
?
Gabriele Paleotti
, Italian
Roman Catholic
cardinal (b.
1522
)
- August 27
- Won Gyun
, Korean general and admiral during the Joseon Dynasty (b.
1540
)
- Yi Eokgi
, Korean admiral during the Joseon Dynasty (b.
1561
)
- September 3
?
Jakobea of Baden
, Margravine of Baden by birth, Duchess of Julich-Cleves-Berg (b.
1558
)
- September 9
–
Helena Magenbuch
, German pharmacist (b.
1523
)
- September 20
?
Archduchess Gregoria Maximiliana of Austria
, Austrian archduchess (b.
1581
)
- September 30
?
William I, Count of Schwarzburg-Frankenhausen
(b.
1534
)
- October 4
?
Sarsa Dengel
,
Emperor of Ethiopia
(b.
1550
)
[12]
- October 19
?
Ashikaga Yoshiaki
, Japanese sh?gun (b.
1537
)
- October 23
?
Cyriakus Schneegass
, German hymnwriter (b.
1546
)
- October 27
?
Alfonso II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara
, Italian noble (b.
1533
)
- November 1
?
Edward Kelley
, English spirit medium (b.
1555
)
- November 11
?
Gustav of Saxe-Lauenburg
, German noble (b.
1570
)
- November 6
?
Infanta Catherine Michelle of Spain
(b.
1567
)
- December 17
?
Frederick, Count Palatine of Zweibrucken-Vohenstrauss-Parkstein
(b.
1557
)
- December 21
?
Petrus Canisius
, Dutch
Jesuit
priest and saint (b.
1521
)
[13]
- date unknown ?
Margaretha Coppier
, Dutch heroine (b.
1516
)
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Chris Cook; Philip Broadhead (October 2, 2012).
The Routledge Companion to Early Modern Europe, 1453-1763
. Routledge. p. 110.
ISBN
978-1-134-13065-8
.
- ^
Nuijasota ? Ilmajoki
(in Finnish)
- ^
John Hudson Tiner (1999).
Johannes Kepler: Giant of Faith and Science
. Mott Media. p. 86.
ISBN
978-0-915134-11-3
.
- ^
DK (October 1, 2009).
War
. Dorling Kindersley Limited. p. 403.
ISBN
978-1-4053-4778-5
.
- ^
"A Strategy of Reaction: The Armadas of 1596 and 1597 and the Spanish Struggle for European Hegemony"", by Edward Tenace, in
The English Historical Review
(2003) pp. 869?872
- ^
a
b
R. B. Wernham,
The Return of the Armadas: The Last Years of the Elizabethan Wars Against Spain 1595?1603
(Clarendon Press, 1994) pp. 185?187
- ^
John Duncan Mackie,
Calendar State Papers Scotland: 1597-1603
(Edinburgh, 1969) p. 126.
- ^
Lisa Jardine; Professor of Renaissance Studies Lisa Jardine (1974).
Francis Bacon: Discovery and the Art of Discourse
. Cambridge University Press. p. 228.
ISBN
978-0-521-20494-1
.
- ^
"From liquid to vapor and back: origins"
.
Special Collections Department
. University of Delaware Library
. Retrieved
March 12,
2007
.
- ^
The Encyclopedia Americana
. Grolier Incorporated. 1999. p. 215.
ISBN
978-0-7172-0131-0
.
- ^
Barwolt Sijbrand Ebbinge; P. S. Tomkovich (2000).
Heritage of the Russian Arctic: Research, Conservation, and International Co-operation : Proceedings of the International Scientific Willem Barents Memorial Arctic Conservation Symposium, Held in Moscow, Russia, 10-14 March 1998
. Ecopros Publishers. p. 1.
ISBN
978-5-88621-057-6
.
- ^
Saheed A. Adejumobi (2007).
The History of Ethiopia
. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 169.
ISBN
978-0-313-32273-0
.
- ^
John McClintock (1981).
Cyclopedia of Biblical, Theological, and Ecclesiastical Literature
. Baker Book House. p. 74.
ISBN
978-0-8010-6123-3
.