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	???????? ???????:??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????
????	Sigismund Schlomo Freud ; ? ?? ???? ; Freiberg in Mahren , ????????? , ????????? ????????? ; (now P?ibor , Czech Republic)
??????	?? ?????????? ???? (???? ??) ; ????????????, ????? , ??????????
??????	University of Vienna ( MD , 1881)
???????? ????	Psychoanalysis , including the theories of id, ego and super-ego , oedipus complex , repression , defense mechanism
???????? ?????	Martha Bernays (m. 1886)
??????	Mathilde, Jean-Martin, Oliver, Ernst , Sophie, and Anna
????????	Goethe Prize (1930) ; Foreign Member of the Royal Society ;
	????????? ????????
???????????	Neurology , psychotherapy , psychoanalysis
??????????????	University of Vienna
???????????????? ????????	Franz Brentano ; Ernst Brucke ; Carl Claus ;
????? ?????? ???????? ???????	Brentano ; Breuer ; Charcot ; Darwin ; Fechner ; Fliess ; von Hartmann ; Herbart ; Nietzsche ; Plato ; Schopenhauer ; Shakespeare ;
??????? ???????? ??????	List of psychoanalysts ; List of psychoanalytical theorists ;
????????

???????? ??????? ( ?? ? , ????- ?????????? ?? , ????) ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????????????? ? ???? " ?????????? " (Psychoanalysis) ???? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ? ??????? "??????????? ???" ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? '??????', '?????????? ?????', '????????? ??????????' ??? '???????? ??????? ????????' ??????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? , ????????? , ??????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ? ????????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????

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???? ???? ????-?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ???? ???, ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????????, ??? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????, ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????, ???? ?? ?????? ???????! ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ??? ???????, ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ‘?????????????’ ??? ?????? ?????????????????? ?? ?????, ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ????????????, ?????????????, ????????, ??????? ????? ????? ???, ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????

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?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????-? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????-?????? ???????? ????????, ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? , ???? ???, ?????, ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????????, ‘‘ ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????, ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????’’ ??????? ?? ????? ?????????, ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ? ???????? ‘?????’??? ????? ???????? ????? ?????

??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ????????, ? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????, ???? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????????????? ????????????? ?? ????, ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????, ?? ???????? ???? ???? ‘???????’ ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ??????, ????? ?? ?? ???????????? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ????? ??, ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??’???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?????, ???? ????? ????, ‘???? ??????’? ????????? ???????, ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????????, ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????, ??????, ???????? ???? ??????? ?????, ?????? ???? ???, ????????? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????, ???? ????, ????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???, ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????

?????? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????, ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????? ????????-?????, ???? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??, ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ? ????, ??? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????, ????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????, ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ????

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? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????????, ?????? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????????????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ????????, ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????????? ????????-?? ???-?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???????, ? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ‘?? ??????????? ???? ??? ??????’ ??? ?????? ???????? ??????????

??????? ?????-???????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???????????? ???????? , ??? ???????? ? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ^[?]

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??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ????; ?????? ???? ??????? ?????, ???? ???? ????? (????? ?? ?????) ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ??, ?????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????-???????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? -?? ??? ???? ??????????? ????????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????, ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ^[?] ??????? ???? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??, ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?? ???????? ???? "????? ?????? ??????"-?? ?????? ^[?]

???? ????? ?????????????, ??????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????????????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????, ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??, ???? ??????????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????

???? ????? ???????????? ????????? ????, ??????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?????????? ???????????????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? -?? ?? ??? ??? ???????? -? ??? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ? ???????? ??-????????? ??????? ????? -?? ????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????? ????, ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????? ? ????? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ??, ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ^[?]

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????????? [ ???????? ]

↑ Halberstadt, Max (c. 1921)? "Sigmund Freud, half-length portrait, facing left, holding cigar in right hand" ? Library of Congress ? 28 December 2017 ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? 8 June 2017 ? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????: |?????= ( ??????? )
↑ Tansley, A.G. (????)? "Sigmund Freud. 1856?1939"? Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society ? 3 (9): 246?75? ?????????? 163056149 ? ??????? 768889 ? ????? : 10.1098/rsbm.1941.0002 ?
↑ "Last Days" ?
↑ Gay 2006, pp. 77, 169
↑ Freud and Bonaparte 2009, pp. 238?39
↑ Gay, Peter (1988). Freud: A Life for Our Time. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 650?651. ???????? ?-???-?????-? .

[1] Halberstadt, Max (c. 1921)? "Sigmund Freud, half-length portrait, facing left, holding cigar in right hand" ? Library of Congress ? 28 December 2017 ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? 8 June 2017 ? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????: |?????= ( ??????? )

[frs-2] Tansley, A.G. (????)? "Sigmund Freud. 1856?1939"? Obituary Notices of Fellows of the Royal Society ? 3 (9): 246?75? ?????????? 163056149 ? ??????? 768889 ? ????? : 10.1098/rsbm.1941.0002 ?

[3] "Last Days" ?

[4] Gay 2006, pp. 77, 169

[5] Freud and Bonaparte 2009, pp. 238?39

[6] Gay, Peter (1988). Freud: A Life for Our Time. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 650?651. ???????? ?-???-?????-? .

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