????? ?????

????? ????? ( ???????: [?ald?] ??? ????? ???? ? ???? ??? ????) ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?

????? [ ???????? ]

????? ?????????? ??????????(?????? ?????, ???? ?????????, ????????? ) ????? ??????? ????????? ????, ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??????????????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????

????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????????????? ??? ???? ???????????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????????????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??, ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????????? ?? ?? ?????? ???????????? ??? ???, ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???????????????? ??????????? ?????? ? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ????????, ???? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????

???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??? ????? ^[?] ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ^[?]

????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ^[?] ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??????, ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??????, ???? ???????? ????? ????????, ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??, ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??, ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ??? ??????? " Les Jardins du Souvenir "(???? ????? ???????) ??????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????????

????????? ???? [ ???????? ]

????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????????????? ???????? ????? ????? ^[?]

???????? [ ???????? ]

????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ????, ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ????-????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ^[?] ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? , ?? ???????-????? ?????????? ??????? ????, ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ????

????????? [ ???????? ]

↑ "??????????? ????? ??? ??????" ?
↑ "Diensynthese und substituierende Addition beim Divinyl-methan-typus Addition von Maleinsaure-anhydrid an Pentadien-1,4 und an 1,4-Dihydro-benzol" ? Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie ? 565 (1): 126?135? ????-??-??? ???????? 0075-4617 ? ????? : 10.1002/jlac.19495650113 ? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ "Kurt Alder" ? www.nndb.com ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ "Who was Kurt Alder? Everything You Need to Know" ? www.thefamouspeople.com (?????? ??????) ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ "Who was Kurt Alder? Everything You Need to Know" ? www.thefamouspeople.com (?????? ??????) ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[1] "??????????? ????? ??? ??????" ?

[2] "Diensynthese und substituierende Addition beim Divinyl-methan-typus Addition von Maleinsaure-anhydrid an Pentadien-1,4 und an 1,4-Dihydro-benzol" ? Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie ? 565 (1): 126?135? ????-??-??? ???????? 0075-4617 ? ????? : 10.1002/jlac.19495650113 ? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[3] "Kurt Alder" ? www.nndb.com ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[4] "Who was Kurt Alder? Everything You Need to Know" ? www.thefamouspeople.com (?????? ??????) ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[5] "Who was Kurt Alder? Everything You Need to Know" ? www.thefamouspeople.com (?????? ??????) ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]