| ???????? ????
|
|---|
|
 ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????, ??? 2003
|
| ??????????
| 41°40′N
50°40′E
? / ?
41.667°N 50.667°E
? /
41.667; 50.667
??????????
:
41°40′N
50°40′E
? / ?
41.667°N 50.667°E
? /
41.667; 50.667
|
|---|
| ??????
| ????
, ????, ??????, ?????????
|
|---|
| ???
| ?????? ???
,
????? ???
,
???? ???
,
????? ???
|
|---|
| ?????
| ?????????
,
???????????
|
|---|
| ????
| 3,626,000 ????
2
(1,400,000 ???? ???)
[1]
|
|---|
| ???? ?? ???
| ?????????
,
????
,
?????????
,
???
,
??????????????
|
|---|
|
| ?????? ?????
| 1,030 ???? (640 ???)
|
|---|
| ?????? ??????
| 435 ???? (270 ???)
|
|---|
| ??? ???????
| 371,000 ????
2
(143,200 ???? ???)
|
|---|
| ??? ??????
| 211 ?? (690 ???)
|
|---|
| ?????? ??????
| 1,025 ?? (3,360 ???)
|
|---|
| ????
| 78,200 ????
3
(18,800 ?? ???)
|
|---|
| ??????? ???
| 250 years
|
|---|
| ?????? ?? ?????
1
| 7,000 ???? (4,300 ???)
|
|---|
| ??? ?????
| ?28 ?? (?92 ???)
|
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|
| ???
| 26+
|
|---|
| ?????
| ????
(?????????),
?????
(????),
?????
(?????????),
Makhachkala
(???),
Turkmenba?y
(Turkmenistan) (
see
article
)
|
|---|
| ??????
| [1]
|
|---|
| 1
?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????
|
???????? ????
????? ??????
???, ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????
???
??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??
????
??? ????? ? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????-????? ???
??????????
, ?????-?????? ???
???
, ?????? ???
????????
, ?????? ???
????
, ? ??????-????? ???
??????????????
??? ???????
???????? ????
??????? ??
?? ????? 28 ?? (92 ???) ???? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?? 1,023 ?? (3,356 ???) ???? ?? ????? ????, ???? ???? ?
????? ???
?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? (????? ?? ?????? ?1,180 ??, ?3,871 ??? ???)? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????, ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? (????) ?? ???? ????
????? ?? ???? ???? ???
??????
, ??
???
?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???, ??? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???
????? ???
,
???? ???
,
????? ???
????? ??
- ↑
1.0
1.1
van der Leeden, Troise, and Todd, eds.,
The Water Encyclopedia
. Second Edition. Chelsea F.C., MI: Lewis Publishers, 1990, p. 196.
