??????? ???????

??????? ???????
( ?????????? ????????? : Ulrich Zwingli )?
??????? ?????
??? ???????	( ?????????? ????????? : Ulrich Zwingli )?
???????	1 ????? 1484
??????	11 ?????? 1531 (47 ???) ; ???? ?? ?????
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	????? ????? - ?????

??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? 1531 ????? ???? ???? ? Kunstmuseum ???????? .

??????? ?????????? Huldrych (?? Ulrich ^[3]) Zwingli (?. 1 ????? 1484 ? 11 ?????? 1531 ) ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? . ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????????? . ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? . ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? .

?? 1519? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? (???? ??????) ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????. ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? 1522? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ????? Lent ??????? ???? ???????. ??? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???????. ??? 1525, ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? . ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ? ??? ??? ??? ????????.

????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???????????? ????????? ? ??? ?? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? . ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ??????. ??? 1529, ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????. ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ?????. ???????? ?? ???? ??????? Marburg Colloquy ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? .

?? 1531 ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???????????. ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????. ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? 47 ?????. ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????.

???????: ??? ????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ????????? ????????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? (1477) ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ? ????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? - ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????- ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????.

?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ????????? ??? 1481? ????? ????????? ??? 1501? ???????? ??? 1513? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????- ?? ??? ???????? ???? ? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????- ??????? ???????: ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????. ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??????. ??? ??? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ??????.

???? ?????? ????????? ?? 1500- 1512 ???? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????????- ?????????- ??????? ????????. ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ????????? Marignano (1515)? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ???????.

????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????. ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? (1). ???? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? 1522 ????? ?? ??? ?????? (2). ???? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? (3)? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????????. ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????. ???? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????. ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? 1510 ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? (4)? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????. ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????.

??????? [ ??? ]

?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???????. ???? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? (??? ????? ??? 1484) ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????-???? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????. ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????. ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????. ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????. ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????. ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????. ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? 1508 ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????. ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? (1506) ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? (5) ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????.

????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????????? ???????? . ???? ??????? ???? ≪???? ?????? ????? ????????≫? ????? ?????? ???? (1515)? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????. ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ????: ≪????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????≫(6). ??? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? 1514.

??? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? 1520 ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????. ?????? ?? ??? 1513 ??? ??? 1515 ???? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????????.

??? ??? 1516 ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? 1517 ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? 1518 ????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?????????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ≪??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????≫(7). ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????. ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? 1518 ??? ?????? ??????? ≪????≫ ?? ≪?????? ?????≫ ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????. ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????. ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????. ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? . ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? 1518 ???????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? (Bernhardin Samson) ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????. ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????. ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????. ??? ??? 1519 ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???. ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ?????. ???? ??? 1521 ?????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????.

????? ??????? ?????? [ ??? ]

???? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????... ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????. ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ≪?? ???????≫? ??? ?? ??? ??? 1520 ??? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??????. ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??????. ??? ??? 1521 ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ≪??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ???????≫(8). ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????. ????? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? (????? ??????) ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????. ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??????? (1522). ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????. ??????? ????? ??? 1524 ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????.

??? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????.

???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????. ???? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? (25 ????? ??? 1523).

???? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????: 1- ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???????. 15- ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????... 17- ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????. 18- ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????... 24- ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????... 28- ?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????. ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????. 34- ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? (???????) ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????. 35- ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? (????? ???? 2-5 ?????? ???? 22,21)... 49- ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????. ???????!. 57- ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????... 66- ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????. ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? (9).

???? ????? ???? - ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??. ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????... ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ????.

???? ???? ???????? - ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? - ??? ??????. ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????. ????? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? (26 ?????? ??? 1523) ????? 550 ?? ???? ????? ?350 ?? ???? ???????. ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????. ???? ?????? ????? ≪????? ????? ?? ????????≫ ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????????.

?????? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? (26 ????? ??? 1524)? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ??????????.

???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????: "????? ??????? ??????? (De vera et false religione) (1925) (Ratio fidei) (1530) ???? ????? - ??????? ??????? - ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? "??????? ???????" ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? "?????? ???????" ???? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? (10). ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????. ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????: ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? (?? ????? ???????) ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?????. ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? "?????... ???? ????? ??? ???????"(11) ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????. ????????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? - ?????? - ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ???? (12)? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????.

????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????. ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????. ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? 1534 ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? - ??? ??? ???? - ????? ?????.

??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ????????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ?????. ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??????. ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? (13)? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? (14)? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???????. ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? (15) ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??????. ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? (???????? ??? ????) ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ??????.

??????? ????? ?? ????? (1524-1525) [ ??? ]

???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ??? 1524 ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????.

????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? 1524? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????????? ??? ??????. ???? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ??????. ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? (??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????) ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????. ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ????????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????.

??????? ?? ???????????? (1526-1528) [ ??? ]

???? ??? ??????? ?????? ≪???????≫ ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????. ????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ????? ????? ? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????. ????? ??? ??????? - ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ????? - ????? ?????????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? (1524)? ??? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????. ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????. ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????????. ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ????? (????? 1524)? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????. ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ≪????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????????... ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???≫(16). ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????.

????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ????-??? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???. ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????:

?? ???? ?????? ??? ???-??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????. ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???-??? ?????????? ??? ????? ??????? (28 ????? 1529) ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????.

??? ???? ??????????? ?? ≪????? ??????≫ ?? ?????? ???????? ? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????????. ??? ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????. ??? ?? ?? ??? 1521 ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ????? ???? ??? 1523? ????? ??? 1525 ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ≪?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??????≫(17). ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???????????? ???? ??????? (1528) ???? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????.

?????? ?? 8 ?????? ??? 1529 ???????? ??? ?? ????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????????. ?????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? (18). ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????????:

??? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????. ????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ?????. ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ???????. ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????. ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? (19). ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????. ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??????.

??? ???? ??? 1529 ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????. ????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????????. ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????. ????? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??????????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? (24 ????? 1529) ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ≪??????? ????????≫ ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????. ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????.

??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ?? ?????? ????????. ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? - ???? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? - ??? - ?????????? - ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????????????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????????????. ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????????????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ??????????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???????.

???? ??????? (1529) [ ??? ]

??? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????, 1557

???? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ?????????. ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?? 29 ?????? ??? 1529? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????. ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????. ???? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????: ≪??? ????≫ ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????. ???? ??????? ???????. ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? (3 ??????) ??? ??? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ????: ≪?? ???? ????? ?? ?????≫. ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ≪???????≫? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? (20). ????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? (21). ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????. ??? ??? 1532 ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???????.

???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????.

???? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ??????????. ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????. ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???????.

???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??? 1530 ?????? ratio fidei ??? ???? ?????? ? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??????.

??? ??? 1531 ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ≪??? ???? ????? ??????? ????????≫? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ????... ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ????: ≪???????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????. ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????≫. ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ≪??????≫(23)? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????????.

????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? (1529?1531) [ ??? ]

?????? ?? 15 ???? ??? 1531 ???? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?? ????????? ??????????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????. ???? ?? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? (11 ?????? ??? 1531) - ??? ????????? ???? 8000 ??? ???? ??????????? ???? 1500 - ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????. ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??? 500 ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????. ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? (25). ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ≪?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? (26) ??????? ???≫(27) ????? ??? ???: ≪?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???:≫ ????? ?? ??? ???? ??"(28").

??????? [ ??? ]

Kommentar uber die wahre und die falsche Religion (1525) ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? .

????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ???????????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????????? (1549) Consensus Tigurinus ???? ??? ????? ???????????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ≪????? ???? ???????? ??????≫.

???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??????. ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ???????. ??????? ??????????? ??? ??????? - ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????. ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????????? ???????... ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????????? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? - ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? - ?? ?????? ???????????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???????.

???? ????? [ ??? ]

????? ??????? ???????

???? [ ??? ]

^ Charles Dudley Warner , ed. (1897), Library of the World's Best Literature (???????????), QID : Q19098835
^ ???? ????????? ???? ????? ??????
^ Potter 1976 ? ???? 1. According to Potter, "Huldrych" ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????. ??? ??? Potter ?????? "Ulrich"? ????? Gabler, Stephens, and Furcha ???????? "Huldrych". ?????? ?? Marburg Colloquy ??? ??????? ????????? latinized ????? "Huldrychus Zwinglius" ( Bainton 1995 ? ???? 251). ?????? ?? ????? ???? Rother? Rea. "Huldrych - Ulrich" . Evangelisch-reformierte Landeskirche des Kantons Zurich. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2008-09-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-03-03 . (in German only, Reformed Church of Zurich)

??????? [ ??? ]

Bagchi? David V. N.? Steinmetz? David Curtis? ???????? (2004)? The Cambridge Companion to Reformation Theology ? Cambridge: ????? ????? ???????? ? ISBN : 0521776627 .
Bainton? Roland H. (1995)? Here I Stand: A Life of Martin Luther ? New York: Meridian? ISBN : 0-452-01146-9 .
Chadwick? Owen (2001)? The Early Reformation on the Continent ? Oxford: ????? ????? ??????? ? ISBN : 019926578X .
Estep? William Roscoe (1986)? Renaissance and Reformation ? Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans ^{[???? ????]}‏? ISBN : 0802800505 {{ ??????? }}: ????? ?????????: ?????? ????? ????? ( link ) .
Furcha? E. J.? ?????? (1985)? Huldrych Zwingli, 1484-1531: A Legacy of Radical Reform: Papers from the 1984 International Zwingli Symposium McGill University ? Montreal: Faculty of Religious Studies, ????? ????? ? ISBN : 0-7717-0124-1 .
Gabler? Ulrich (1986)? Huldrych Zwingli: His Life and Work ? Philadelphia: Fortress Press ? ISBN : 0-8006-0761-9 .
Greenslade? S. L.? ?????? (1975)? The Cambridge History of the Bible ? Cambridge: ????? ????? ???????? ? ISBN : 0521290163 .
Locher? Gottfried W. (1981)? Zwingli's Thought : New Perspectives ? Leiden: E.J. Brill? ISBN : 9004064206 .
Potter? G. R. (1976)? Zwingli ? Cambridge: ????? ????? ???????? ? ISBN : 0-521-20939-0 .
Rilliet? Jean (1964)? Zwingli: Third Man of the Reformation ? London: Lutterworth Press , OCLC 820553 .
Stephens? W. P. (1986)? The Theology of Huldrych Zwingli ? Oxford: ??? ??? ????? ??????? ? ISBN : 0-19-826677-4 .
Steinmetz? David Curtis (2001)? Reformers in the Wings: From Geiler Von Kaysersberg to Theodore Beza ? Oxford: ????? ????? ??????? ? ISBN : 0195130480 .
Stephens? W. P. (1992)? Zwingli: An Introduction to His Thought ? Oxford: ????? ????? ??????? ? ISBN : 0198263635 .
Wandel? Lee Palmer (1990)? Always Among Us: Images of the Poor in Zwingli's Zurich ? Cambridge: ????? ????? ???????? ? ISBN : 0521522544

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

??????? ??????? ??? ???? Encyclopædia Britannica Online (??????????)
??????? ??????? ??? ???? NNDB people (??????????)
??????? ??????? ??? ???? Discogs (??????????)

Biography of Anna Reinhard in Leben magazine in ??? ????????? ????????
(??????????)

Website of the Zwingli Association and Zwingliana journal

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ??????? ???????

[wikidata-17719537c93d3b75709dc5a408afd9a5d3cd7899-1] Charles Dudley Warner , ed. (1897), Library of the World's Best Literature (???????????), QID : Q19098835

[2] ???? ????????? ???? ????? ??????

[3] Potter 1976 ? ???? 1. According to Potter, "Huldrych" ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????. ??? ??? Potter ?????? "Ulrich"? ????? Gabler, Stephens, and Furcha ???????? "Huldrych". ?????? ?? Marburg Colloquy ??? ??????? ????????? latinized ????? "Huldrychus Zwinglius" ( Bainton 1995 ? ???? 251). ?????? ?? ????? ???? Rother? Rea. "Huldrych - Ulrich" . Evangelisch-reformierte Landeskirche des Kantons Zurich. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2008-09-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2008-03-03 . (in German only, Reformed Church of Zurich)

[1]

[3]