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( ???????? : Никола?й I Па?влович )?
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??? ???????	( ???????? : Николай Павлович Романов )?
???????	6 ????? 1796 ; ??????
??????	2 ???? 1855 (58 ???) ; ???? ???????
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	????? ??? ???????? (1841) ; ???? ?????? ??????? (1841) ; ????? ???? ?? ????? ‏ (1837) ; ???? ????? ????-??????? ‏ (1836) ; ????? ?????? ‏ (1833) ; ????? ?????? (1827) ; ???? ????????? ??????? (?????????) (1826) ; ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ‏ (1826) ; ????? ??????? ??????? ‏ (1826) ; ???? ????? ????? (1826) ; ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ‏ (1823) ; ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ‏ (1817) ; ???? ??? ?????? (1817) ; ????? ?????? ?????? (1815) ; ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ‏ (1815) ; ???? ??????? (1812) ; ????? ????? ‏ (1812) ; ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? (1812) ; ????? ????? ?????? (1809) ; ????? ????? ?????? ?????? (1809) ; ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ‏ (1796) ; ????? ????? ?????? ??????? (1796) ; ???? ??????? ??? (1796) ; ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ; ???? ????? ?????? ; ???? ?????? ?????????? ; ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ‏ ; ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ‏
	????? ????? - ?????

?????? ??????? ????? ( 6 ????? 1796 - 2 ???? 1855 ) ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????????? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? . ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????. ^[4]^[5]^[6] ???? ???????????? ??? 1825 ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????. ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????????? .

??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???????. ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???????????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? 1853 ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? .

????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? [ ??? ]

??? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????? (????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????????). ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????????. ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? 1801? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????. ??????????????? ??? ??? ≪???? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????≫. ^[7]

?? 13 ????? 1817? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? (1789-1860) ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ???????????. ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????????-????????. ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??????.

??? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ???. ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??. ?? ??? 1825? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ?????. ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? -???? ??? ????? ?? ?????- ??? ???? ???? ?????. ????? ?? 25 ?????? (13 ??? ??????? ??????)? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????. ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? (19 ?????? ??? ??????? ??????)? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????. ???? ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??????. ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? 26 (14 ??? ??????? ??????) ?????? 1825? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???????.

?????????? ???????? [ ??? ]

????? ????? ?????? [ ??? ]

?? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???????. ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?? 14 ?????? 1825 (??? ??????? ??????)? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???. ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ????? -8 ?????. ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????. ????? ?????? ?????? 3000 ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????. ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?????. ??? ??????? ????? ???? ????????. ????? ≪??????≫ ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????????. ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????. ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????. ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????. ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????. ??? ???????? 300 ???? ?16 ???? ?? ????. ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????. ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????. ^[8]^[9]

???????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????. ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? 1828? ??????? ?? 1830? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?? 1843. ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????. ^[10]^[11]

?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? 1837? ???? 26 ?? (16 ???) ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????. ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? 1842-1851. ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? 1855 ??? 920 ?? (570 ???) ?? ????? ???????? ???????.

?? ??? 1833? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ≪ ?????????? ????????? ?????? ≫ ????? ???? ??????. ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???????????? ?? ?????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ? ???????? ?????? . ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ???????. ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????. ??? ????? ??? ??????? ????????????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????????. ??? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????. ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????.

??? ??? 1839? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????????. ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ????. ^[12]

?? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??????. ??? ?? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???????. ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? (?????? ????? ?????? ???????) ??????? ????? ???? ????????. ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? . ?? ??? 1831? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? 100 ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? 21,916 ????. ?? ??? 1841 ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????. ??? ??? 1845? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? (?? ??? 14) ?? ??? ????? ???? ??????? (???? ?????? ??????? ??????).

???????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? [ ??? ]

??? ??? 1851 ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? 2.4 ??????? ????? 212,000 ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????. ????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ??????? . ^[13]

?? 26 ????? 1827 ???? ????? ??????? ??????? (≪?????? ?????????? ?????????≫)? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? 25 ???? ????? ?? ?? 18 ?????. ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?? 12 ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????????. ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ≪???????≫. ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????. ??? ???? 1827 ?1845 ??? ??? ??? ???? 70,000 ????? ????. ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? . ^[14]

????? [ ??? ]

^ ^? ^? "Николай I". Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона. Том XXI, 1897 (????????). XXI : 119?124. 1897. QID : Q22677498 .
^ "Александра Феодоровна, супруга Николая I". Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона. Том I, 1890 (????????). I : 373?374. 1890. QID : Q24329951 .
^ W. A. P. (1911). " Nicholas I. ". Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition (???????????). 19 . QID : Q22677497 .
^ "??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???? treccani.it" . treccani.it. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-01-11.
^ "??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???? universalis.fr" . universalis.fr. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-07-21.
^ "??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???? enciclopedia.cat" . enciclopedia.cat. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-07-18.
^ Nicholas Riasanovsky, Nicholas I and Official Nationality in Russia, 1825?1855 (1959) p. 19
^ Edward Crankshaw, The Shadow of the Winter Palace (Viking Press: New York, 1976) p. 13.
^ W. Bruce Lincoln, The Romanovs , p. 409.
^ Henry Reichman, Railwaymen and Revolution: Russia , 1905 p. 16
^ W. Bruce Lincoln, The Romanovs , p. 428.
^ Geoffrey Hosking, Russia: People and Empire , p. 155
^ Gartner? Lloyd P. (1978). History of the Jews in Modern Times . Tel-Aviv University: Oxford University Press. ?. 164.
^ Gartner? Lloyd P. (1978). History of Jews in Modern Times . Tel-Aviv University: Oxford University Press. ?. 170.

? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? (??? ?????? ???? 2004).
? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? (????? ?????? ???????? ??????? 1963).

??????? ????????
???? ??????? ?????	???????? ????? 1825 - 1855	???? ??????? ??????

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ??????? ?????

[wikidata-e921d92917b34bfb63060c9d7dcc49e859fa3a29-1] ? ^? "Николай I". Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона. Том XXI, 1897 (????????). XXI : 119?124. 1897. QID : Q22677498 .

[wikidata-d784b4223037dcf9aa7b90b9cd8a45964550ae7b-2] "Александра Феодоровна, супруга Николая I". Энциклопедический словарь Брокгауза и Ефрона. Том I, 1890 (????????). I : 373?374. 1890. QID : Q24329951 .

[wikidata-73108415ee69932ac5bd9bb908e145ab0d1ffb3c-3] W. A. P. (1911). " Nicholas I. ". Encyclopædia Britannica 11th edition (???????????). 19 . QID : Q22677497 .

[4] "??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???? treccani.it" . treccani.it. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-01-11.

[5] "??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???? universalis.fr" . universalis.fr. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-07-21.

[6] "??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???? enciclopedia.cat" . enciclopedia.cat. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-07-18.

[7] Nicholas Riasanovsky, Nicholas I and Official Nationality in Russia, 1825?1855 (1959) p. 19

[8] Edward Crankshaw, The Shadow of the Winter Palace (Viking Press: New York, 1976) p. 13.

[W._Bruce_Lincoln_p._409-9] W. Bruce Lincoln, The Romanovs , p. 409.

[10] Henry Reichman, Railwaymen and Revolution: Russia , 1905 p. 16

[11] W. Bruce Lincoln, The Romanovs , p. 428.

[12] Geoffrey Hosking, Russia: People and Empire , p. 155

[13] Gartner? Lloyd P. (1978). History of the Jews in Modern Times . Tel-Aviv University: Oxford University Press. ?. 164.

[14] Gartner? Lloyd P. (1978). History of Jews in Modern Times . Tel-Aviv University: Oxford University Press. ?. 170.

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????? ??????	???? ????????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????
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