????? ?????? ??????????

????? ?????? ??????????
??????? ?????
???????	??? 1001 ; ???????????
??????	10 ?????? 1081 (79–80 ???) ; ???????????
???? ?????	???????????
??????	???????????? ?????????
??????	????? ??????????
?????
???????? ??????
	?? ?????? ; 31 ???? 1078 ? 4 ????? 1081
	??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????
?????? ???????
??????	????? ? ?????????
	????? ????? - ?????

??????? ≪???????≫ ?????? ?????????? ( ?????????? : Νικηφ?ρο? Βοτανει?τη? )?? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ( ?????????? : Νικηφ?ρο? Βοτανει?τη?? 1002 ? 10 ?????? 1081)? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?? 7 ????? 1078 ??? 1 ????? 1081. ??? ??? 1002? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??????? 1048-1053. ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????. ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????. ?? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ???? ??????????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? 1065? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???????. ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???. ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? 1067? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ???????????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????. ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???????. ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????????.

??? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??? 1078 ????? ???? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???????. ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?? 2 ????? 1078. ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????????? ?? 24 ???? 1078 ?????? ?????. ????? ???? ??????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????????. ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????. ?? ??????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????????.

?? ??? 1081? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????. ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ?????. ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????. ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????. ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???????????? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????. ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?? 1 ????? 1081 ?????? ???????. ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????. ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ????? ????? ??????. ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? 10 ?????? 1081.

??????? [ ??? ]

?????? ??????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? 1053. ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???????. ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????. ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???. ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ????????. ????? ????????? ???? ????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ???. ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????. ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????. ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????. ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???. ^[1]^[2]^[3]

????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? (??? ?? ?????? 1056-1057) ?? ??? 1057. ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????. ??? ?? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????. ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????????. ?? ???????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? 20 ????? 1057? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 1025. ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????. ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????. ?? ??? 1059? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ??? 1064. ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????????. ^[1]^[4]^[5]

????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? (??? ?? ?????? ?? 1059 ??? 1067)? ?? ??? 1061 ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????. ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? (??????? ?????????)? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????. ???? ??????? ??????? ????????????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ???????. ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? 1062? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????. ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????????. ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ????? ???????. ^[1]^[6]

?? ???? ??? 1064? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????. ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????????. ^[7]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ ^? ^? ^? Maynard .
^ Kaldellis & Krallis 2012 ? 11.6.
^ Bekker 1839 ? 23.10.
^ Kazhdan 1991 ? ???? 1479.
^ Kaldellis & Krallis 2012 ? 16.8.
^ Kravari et al. 2001 ? 2.107-110.
^ Curta 2006 ? ???? 298.

??????? [ ??? ]

Curta? Florin (2006)? Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500?1250 ? ????? ????? ???????? ? ISBN : 0-521-81539-8
Finlay? George (1844)? History of the Byzantine and Greek Empires from 1057?1453 ? William Blackwood & Sons? ?. 2? OCLC : 25020128
????? ??????? ??????? ? Oxford University Press? ?. III? 1991? ISBN : 978-0-19-504652-6
Norwich? John Julius (1993)? Byzantium: The Apogee ? Penguin? ISBN : 0-14-011448-3
Norwich? John Julius (1996)? Byzantium: The Decline and Fall ? Penguin? ISBN : 0-14-011449-1

????? ?????
????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???? ???: ????? 1002 ????: 10 ?????? 1081
???? ??????? ??????	?????????? ???????? 7 ????? 1078 ? 1 ????? 1081	???? ??????? ?????
????? ??????
???? Nikephoritzes	???? ?? ??????? 1067?1068	???? Peter Libellisios

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ????? ?????? ??????????

[FOOTNOTEMaynard-1] ? ^? ^? Maynard .

[FOOTNOTEKaldellisKrallis201211.6-2] Kaldellis & Krallis 2012 ? 11.6.

[FOOTNOTEBekker183923.10-3] Bekker 1839 ? 23.10.

[FOOTNOTEKazhdan19911479-4] Kazhdan 1991 ? ???? 1479.

[FOOTNOTEKaldellisKrallis201216.8-5] Kaldellis & Krallis 2012 ? 16.8.

[FOOTNOTEKravariLefortOikonomidesPapachryssanthou20012.107-110-6] Kravari et al. 2001 ? 2.107-110.

[FOOTNOTECurta2006298-7] Curta 2006 ? ???? 298.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

? ? ? ?????? ??????? ???????????
??? ??????? 27 ? ? ? 235 ?	????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????
???? ????? ?????? 235?284	?????????? ????? ??????? ????? ? ??????? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????
??? ??????? 284?395	??????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? Severus ???????? Maximinus Daia ???????? ?? Valerius Valens ?Martinianus ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?? Vetranio ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?????
???????????? ????????? ??????? 395?480	???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? Joannes ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? Glycerius ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????
???????????? ????????? 395?1204	???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? Zoe ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????
?????????? ????? 1204?1261	??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????
???????????? ????????? 1261?1453	??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???