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?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? "???? ????" ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ^[1]^[2]^[3] ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????????.

?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????. ^[4]^[5]^[6] ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? 2500 ??? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????. ^[7] ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ? ????? ???? ??????? ? ?????? ???????? ? ? ?????? ?????? ? ? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ? ? ?????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? . ^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11] ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????. ^[12]^[13]^[14]

????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????????. ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????. ??? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????.

???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????????? ? ?????? ?????? ???????? ? ??????? ? ? ?????? ? ^[15]^[16]^[17]^[18] ? ?????? ? ????? ??? ?????? ????????. ^[15]^[16]^[19]

?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? (????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????) ? ???? ?????? (????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????) ????? ???? (??????) ???? ???????? ????? ???? ???(????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????) ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????.

??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???: ????? ? ? ?????? ? ? ??????? ? ? ?????? ?????? . ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? (??? ??? ????? ? ?????? ?? ????? ) ?? ????? ? ???????? ? ???????? ????????. ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???: ???????? ? ? ???????? ?????? ? ?????? ? ? ???????? .

??????? [ ??? ]

??? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????. ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????. ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??????????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? .

??? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? . ^[20]

??? ????? ????????? ????????? [ ??? ]

??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

??????? ?????????? ????????? [ ??? ]

????? ??????? [ ??? ]

???? [ ??? ]

???? ??????: ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ? ????? .	???? ???? : ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????. ^[21]	???? ???: ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????.
???? ???: ???? ?????? ?? ????? ? ???????? ? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????.	???? ???????: ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??????? (?? ??? ?????) ???? ??????. ^[22]	????: ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? . ^[23]
???????? : ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? . ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????.	???? ????: ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???????. ^[24]	???? ?????: ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? .

???? ??? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

^ "Cultural Life" . Tehr?n . Encyclopædia Britannica . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-04-16 . Persian cuisine is characterized by the use of lime and saffron, the blend of meats with fruits and nuts, a unique way of cooking rice, and Iranian hospitality. Food is subtly spiced, delicate in flavour and appearance, and not typically hot or spicy. Many recipes date back to ancient times; Iran's historical contacts have assisted in the exchange of ingredients, flavours, textures, and styles with various cultures ranging from the Mediterranean Sea region to China, some of whom retain these influences today.
^ Clark? Melissa (19 ????? 2016). "Persian Cuisine, Fragrant and Rich With Symbolism" . ??????? ????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2021-12-06.
^ Yarshater, Ehsan Persia or Iran, Persian or Farsi ???? ?????? 2010-10-24 ?? Wayback Machine , Iranian Studies , vol. XXII no. 1 (1989)
^ "??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? idref.fr" . idref.fr. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-02-05.
^ "??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? id.loc.gov" . id.loc.gov. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-13.
^ "??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? catalogue.bnf.fr" . catalogue.bnf.fr. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-05-05.
^ Iran; international context for promoting Culinary Tourism ???? ?????? 2024-01-08 ?? Wayback Machine
^ "Persian Cuisine, a Brief History" . Culture of IRAN. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-01-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-01-08 .
^ electricpulp.com. "??PAZ? ? Encyclopaedia Iranica" . www.iranicaonline.org . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-04-15.
^ "Iranian Food" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-04-14 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-04-13 .
^ "Culture of IRAN" . Cultureofiran.com . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-04-13 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ?????? |???? ?????= ????? ?? |????? ?????= ( ?????? )
^ Achaya? K. T. (1994). Indian Food: A Historical Companion . Oxford University Press. ?. 11.
^ Stanton? ?????? (2012). Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, and Africa: An Encyclopedia . SAGE Publications. ?. 103. ISBN : 978-1-4522-6662-6 .
^ Mina Holland (6 ???? 2014). The Edible Atlas: Around the World in Thirty-Nine Cuisines . Canongate Books. ?. 207?. ISBN : 978-0-85786-856-5 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-12-11.
^ ^? ^? Dehghan, Saeed Kamali (3 Feb 2016). "Top five Persian restaurants in London" . The Guardian (??????????? ??????????). ISSN : 0261-3077 . Archived from the original on 2023-12-11 . Retrieved 2016-02-16 .
^ ^? ^? Ta? Lien (27 ?????? 2011). "The Best Persian Food In LA (PHOTOS)" . HuffPost . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-12-11.
^ "Bay Area chef circles back to childhood with Iranian breads" . San Francisco Chronicle . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-12-11 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-03-03 .
^ Nuttall-Smith? Chris (13 ?????? 2013). "The 10 best new restaurants in Toronto in 2013" . The Globe and Mail . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2024-02-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-02-16 .
^ Whitcomb? Dan (4 ????? 2018). "Los Angeles' large Iranian community cheers anti-regime protests" . Reuters . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-12-16.
^ Seeney? Belinda (16 ?????? 2011). "Balancing the hot and cold". Redcliffe, Queensland. The Redcliffe & Bayside Herald.
^ "Saffron and lemon chicken (Joojeh Kabab)" . Irish Times (??????????? ?????????). Archived from the original on 2023-09-26 . Retrieved 2016-07-02 .
^ Burke, Andrew? Elliott, Mark (15 ?????? 2010). "MAIN COURSES: Kabab". Iran. Ediz. Inglese . Lonely Planet. ?. 84. ISBN : 978-1-74220-349-2 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-09-24.
^ Sally Butcher (10 ?????? 2013). "Kebab-e-Chenjeh" . Snackistan . Pavilion Books. ISBN : 978-1-909815-15-5 . ^{[
???? ??????
]}
^ Aashpazi.com. "KABAB TABEI" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-12-09.

?? ????? ??? ?????? ??: ???? ??????

??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ???????.

[1] "Cultural Life" . Tehr?n . Encyclopædia Britannica . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-04-16 . Persian cuisine is characterized by the use of lime and saffron, the blend of meats with fruits and nuts, a unique way of cooking rice, and Iranian hospitality. Food is subtly spiced, delicate in flavour and appearance, and not typically hot or spicy. Many recipes date back to ancient times; Iran's historical contacts have assisted in the exchange of ingredients, flavours, textures, and styles with various cultures ranging from the Mediterranean Sea region to China, some of whom retain these influences today.

[2] Clark? Melissa (19 ????? 2016). "Persian Cuisine, Fragrant and Rich With Symbolism" . ??????? ????? . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2021-12-06.

[yarshater1-3] Yarshater, Ehsan Persia or Iran, Persian or Farsi ???? ?????? 2010-10-24 ?? Wayback Machine , Iranian Studies , vol. XXII no. 1 (1989)

[4] "??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? idref.fr" . idref.fr. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-02-05.

[5] "??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? id.loc.gov" . id.loc.gov. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-13.

[6] "??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? catalogue.bnf.fr" . catalogue.bnf.fr. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-05-05.

[7] Iran; international context for promoting Culinary Tourism ???? ?????? 2024-01-08 ?? Wayback Machine

[8] "Persian Cuisine, a Brief History" . Culture of IRAN. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-01-20 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-01-08 .

[9] tricpulp.com. "??PAZ? ? Encyclopaedia Iranica" . www.iranicaonline.org . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2013-04-15.

[10] "Iranian Food" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2014-04-14 . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-04-13 .

[11] "Culture of IRAN" . Cultureofiran.com . ???? ???? ?????? 2014-04-13 . {{ ??????? ??? }}: ?????? |???? ?????= ????? ?? |????? ?????= ( ?????? )

[12] Achaya? K. T. (1994). Indian Food: A Historical Companion . Oxford University Press. ?. 11.

[13] Stanton? ?????? (2012). Cultural Sociology of the Middle East, Asia, and Africa: An Encyclopedia . SAGE Publications. ?. 103. ISBN : 978-1-4522-6662-6 .

[Holland2014-14] Mina Holland (6 ???? 2014). The Edible Atlas: Around the World in Thirty-Nine Cuisines . Canongate Books. ?. 207?. ISBN : 978-0-85786-856-5 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-12-11.

[london-15] ? ^? Dehghan, Saeed Kamali (3 Feb 2016). "Top five Persian restaurants in London" . The Guardian (??????????? ??????????). ISSN : 0261-3077 . Archived from the original on 2023-12-11 . Retrieved 2016-02-16 .

[LA-16] ? ^? Ta? Lien (27 ?????? 2011). "The Best Persian Food In LA (PHOTOS)" . HuffPost . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-12-11.

[17] "Bay Area chef circles back to childhood with Iranian breads" . San Francisco Chronicle . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-12-11 . ???? ???? ?????? 2018-03-03 .

[18] Nuttall-Smith? Chris (13 ?????? 2013). "The 10 best new restaurants in Toronto in 2013" . The Globe and Mail . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2024-02-03 . ???? ???? ?????? 2016-02-16 .

[19] Whitcomb? Dan (4 ????? 2018). "Los Angeles' large Iranian community cheers anti-regime protests" . Reuters . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-12-16.

[20] Seeney? Belinda (16 ?????? 2011). "Balancing the hot and cold". Redcliffe, Queensland. The Redcliffe & Bayside Herald.

[21] "Saffron and lemon chicken (Joojeh Kabab)" . Irish Times (??????????? ?????????). Archived from the original on 2023-09-26 . Retrieved 2016-07-02 .

[22] Burke, Andrew? Elliott, Mark (15 ?????? 2010). "MAIN COURSES: Kabab". Iran. Ediz. Inglese . Lonely Planet. ?. 84. ISBN : 978-1-74220-349-2 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-09-24.

[23] Sally Butcher (10 ?????? 2013). "Kebab-e-Chenjeh" . Snackistan . Pavilion Books. ISBN : 978-1-909815-15-5 . ^{[
???? ??????
]}

[24] Aashpazi.com. "KABAB TABEI" . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-12-09.

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