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) ???? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??
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??? ????? 2006
?
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.
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????
2011
?2012
? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????????. ??? ??????
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?? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????
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6 ?????
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1974
. ??? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????????. ?????
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1996
? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??
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2007
. ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????????
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? ????? ??? ≪???? ????? ????????≫ ?? ????? ≪?????? ????????≫.
[5]
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?? ?????
2002
?
[6]
?????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? Global Exchange ?? ?????
2003
.
???? ???? ????? ?????? ??
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??? ????? ??
??????
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2007
??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????
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???? ???? ???
2010
? ????? ???? ?????
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. ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???
2017
???? ≪??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????≫ ??? ???.
[7]
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[8]
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[10]
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[13]
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2007
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[25]
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22 ?????
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1956
? ?? ?????
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1948
. ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????.
[26]
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1974
?1977
??? ????? ??
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1980
. ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??
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1986
.
[26]
???? ?? ??????
[
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1986
? ??? ??
????? ??????
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1996
????? ?????
???????
. ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ???
1990
??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???
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??
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???????
????????
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? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???
1996
?? ????? ???????.
[26]
??? ???? ????? ????? ??
???????
???? ???????? ??? ???
2007
?????? ??
??????
???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??
???????
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??? ????
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???????
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??? ????? 2006
.
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???????
? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ≪?????≫ ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???
1994
??? ???
2007
.
[27]
???? ???? ??????
[
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2007
? ????? ???? ??????
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???? ?????? ?????? ???????
??? ???????
2007
?2009
. ??? ???
2010
??? ??????
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?????? ?????
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??????
?????? ???????????
??????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????????.
[29]
???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ???
2014
???? ?????? ???????? ??????
??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? 2015-2016
??????
2015
.
[30]
[31]
?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????
?????? ??????
??
????
2014
? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ???????
????
???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???????. ????? ??? ??????
???? ??????? ??????
?????? ??
????
????? ???.
[32]
????? ?????????
[
???
]
????? ????? ???????
[
???
]
??? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ≪???????
????????
≫. ?????? ??? 18 ?????? ???????? ?? ???
1974
? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??
?????? ?????????
? ??? ??? ??? ???
6 ?????
1974
? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ≪?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????? ????????≫? ??????? ????? ≪??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????≫.
[33]
??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????. ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????
????? ??????? ???????????
?? ??????? ????????.
[26]
?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??
????? ????
? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ≪????? ??????? ????????? ?????≫? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???
1976
??? ≪???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????≫? ????? ??????
??? ?????
? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????????
???????????
??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??
??????
.
[34]
??? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????
?????
??? ?????? ?????????? ??
????????
.
[35]
????? ??? ??????
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[36]
??? ???
1995
???? ???? ????? ?????? ???
?????? ?????? ???????????
?? ??????? ?????? ?????????. ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ≪????? ????????≫? ????? ≪????? ?????≫? ?≪??????? ????????? ???????≫? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????????. ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??
??????
???
2007
.
[37]
??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???
1999
?????: ≪??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????????. ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ? ????????? ???? ???? ?????≫.
[37]
????? ???????
[
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]
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? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????≫.
[15]
??? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ???
1996
??? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????
??????? ?????? ???????????
. ????? ??????? ???
1999
?????? ??
?????? ?????? ???????????
? ?? ???? ??????? ???
2003
? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???
2006
? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ???
2007
? ???? ??
??????
??????? ??? ????? ≪??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????≫. ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????: ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ???
1948
.
[38]
??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??
?????????
????????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????.
[39]
??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????
?????? ???????
??
???????
????? ???? ?????????? ??????. ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???????. ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ???
1999
? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????
?????
?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? "????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ???? ???? ???? "?????? ??? ??????" ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????
??????
??
???????
???????? ?? ??? ?????.
[40]
??? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????????.
[41]
????? ?? ?????? ??????????
[
???
]
???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????. ??? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ????????. ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???
??????? ?????
? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????
????? ???????
? ?????? ????????? ≪????????≫ ????? ??????? ??????.
[42]
???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????
?????????
???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???????. ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ???
????????
? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????. ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???????.
[43]
??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????: ≪?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???????????? ??? ????? ??????????? ??? ?? ????? ?????≫.
[44]
?? ???
1999
???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????
????
?
[45]
??? ????? ???? ??
???????
??? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???
2000
?? ?????? ?? ?????
????????? ?????????? ???????
.
[46]
????? ?? ??????
[
???
]
??? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ????
??????? ??????????
???? ????? ?? ??? ??????????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????. ??? ?????
2001
???? ???? ????? ???
?????
? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????
[47]
???? ????? ???
???????
??? ?????? ????? ????
????? ???????
???? ??????? ?????????? ???????.
[48]
??? ?????
2006
??? ??????
?????
???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????
??? ????
?? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??????????
???? ??? ???
?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??????
????? ??????
? ????? ???
[49]
??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???
?????
??? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????.
[50]
??
6 ?????
???
2007
? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???.
[51]
???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???
???????
??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??????. ??
22 ?????
???? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????????
[52]
????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???????.
[53]
???
22 ?????
???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???????
??? ????
??
??? ????? 2006
. ????? ?????? ?? ≪????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????≫? ?????? ????? ??? ??????.
[54]
??? ????? ?? ?????
2007
???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????
???????
??????? ??????: ≪??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????≫? ???? ???? ??????????: ≪?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????≫? ?≪?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????≫.
[55]
???
14 ??????
?? ?????
2011
? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????.
[56]
????? ?? ??????? ???????
[
???
]
??? ???? ????? ?? ??
??????? ???????
???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???
2010
? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ≪??????? ??????? ?????????≫ ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ????
?????? ??????
? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????????.
[57]
????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? -???? ???- ?? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ????. ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ≪
?? ???? ????? ?? ??????
≫ ?≪
??????? ???????
≫? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??????????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??? ??? ????? ≪??? ?????????≫? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????. ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???
2010
?????? ???
2011
???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????.
[58]
????? ????? ??? ?????
?????? ??????
?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??
?????? ????????
?? ?????? ≪?????? ???????? ???????≫ ???????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??? ???
?????? ?????????
? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ???? ???? ??
????
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??? ???????? ?? ???
??? ?????.
[59]
??? ?????
?????? ???????
? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????. ????? ??? ?? ?????? ≪????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????: ?????? ?? ??????? ??????≫ (
2013
) ??? ????????: ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??
?????
. ?? ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ?????. ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????.
[60]
??? ???? ???? ?????
?????? ???????
???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ≪???? ???≫? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???
25 ?????
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[20]
[21]
[61]
??????? ????? ???????
[
???
]
?? ????? ???
2017
??? ???? ≪?? ??? ??????≫ ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????
??? ??? ???
? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????: ≪?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????≫. ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??
????????? ??????
??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????: ≪?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ???≫.
[7]
???????
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]
????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???
??????
???????
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???????? ?????
? ????? ?????
?????? ??????
??? ??????? ?? ?????
2014
.
[62]
??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????:
?????
?????????????
?
???????
??????????????
?????? ??????????
? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??
???????
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? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????????.
[26]
???????? ???????
[
???
]
?? ??????? ?? ????? ????????:
[26]
[63]
- ??????? ??????: ????? ?????
[64]
(1996).
- ?????? ??????????: ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????. ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??????
- ?????? ???????.
- ????????? ???????? ??????????.
- ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????.
- ??????: ????? ?????.
- ?? ?? ????? ????: ????? ????? ????.
- ???? ??????? ???? ???.
- ????.
- ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ????.
- ?? ???? ????? ?? ??????
- ?????? ???????? ???????.
- ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???.
- ?????? ???????.
- ?????: ??? ?????? ??? ??????.
- ????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? (????? ??????)
- ???? ??? (??????).
- ????? ?? ??????.
- ????? ????????: ??????? ????? ?????? ?????.
- ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????.
- ????? ??????: ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? 2023
???????? ???????
[
???
]
?? ??????? ?? ????? ????????:
[26]
- ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???.
- ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????.
????????? ???????????
[
???
]
?? ??????? ?? ????? ???????????:
- The Arabs in Israel
[65]
????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????
[66]
????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????
[67]
?????
[
???
]
??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????:
- ????? ??? ??? ????? ????
?? ?????
2002
??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ??????.
[6]
- ?????
???? ???????
?? ????? Global Exchange ??
???????? ??????? ?????????
??
22 ????
2003
.
[68]
???? ?????
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????? ??????
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[
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]
????? ??????? ??????? ???? (2006?09)
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????? ??????? ??????? ???? (2003?06)
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????? ??????? ??????? ???? (1999?2003)
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????? ??????? ??????? ???? (1996?99)
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