??????? ?????? ????? ?????

??????? ?????? ????? ????? ( ??????????? : Short-term effects of alcohol )? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????: ????? ??????? ???????? ? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????. ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????. ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????. ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??????. ^[1] ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????. ^[2] ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? (????? ?? ???? ???? ?? 0.40? ???? ??? ????? ????????? ^[3]^[4]). ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? . ^[5]

????????? [ ??? ]

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???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????.
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???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??????.

??????? ??????? :

1- ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????.

2- ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? (?????? ???????) ?????? (????? )

3- ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????.

? ??????? ??????? :

1. ??? ?? ??????

2. ??? ?? ???????

3. ??????? ???? ?????? ? ???????? ? ????????

4. ??? ?? ??????? (??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????)

5. ??? ?? ?????? ?? ????? (???? ????? ??????? ?????????)

6. ??? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??? ????.

???????????? ??????? [ ??? ]

??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? GABAA. ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? GABAA? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??: α1β3γ2? α5β3γ2? α4β3δ ?α6β3δ . ??? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? α2β3γ2 ????? ????. ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ? ???????? ? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????. ^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]

???? ????? [ ??? ]

??????? ?????? ????? ?????

??????? [ ??? ]

^ Horowitz M, Maddox A, Bochner M? ?????? (????? 1989). "Relationships between gastric emptying of solid and caloric liquid meals and alcohol absorption" . Am. J. Physiol . ?. 257 ?. 2 Pt 1: G291?8. PMID : 2764113 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-14. {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }}: Explicit use of et al. in: |????= ( ?????? ) ????? ?????????: ????? ??????: ????? ???????? ( link )
^ Home | Yahoo Answers ???? ?????? 2012-07-08 ?? Wayback Machine
^ Alcohol Awareness Page ???? ?????? 2013-06-01 ?? Wayback Machine
^ Carleton College: Wellness Center: Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) ???? ?????? 2009-09-14 ?? Wayback Machine ^{[
???? ??????
]}
^ Feige B, Scaal S, Hornyak M, Gann H, Riemann D (????? 2007). "Sleep electroencephalographic spectral power after withdrawal from alcohol in alcohol-dependent patients". Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res . ?. 31 ?. 1: 19?27. DOI : 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00260.x . PMID : 17207097 . {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }}: ????? ?????????: ????? ??????: ????? ???????? ( link )
^ Huang Q, He X, Ma C? ?????? (????? 2000). "Pharmacophore/receptor models for GABA _A/BzR subtypes (α1β3γ2, α5β3γ2, and α6β3γ2) via a comprehensive ligand-mapping approach". J. Med. Chem . ?. 43 ?. 1: 71?95. DOI : 10.1021/jm990341r . PMID : 10633039 . {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }}: Explicit use of et al. in: |????= ( ?????? ) ????? ?????????: ????? ??????: ????? ???????? ( link )
^ Platt DM, Duggan A, Spealman RD? ?????? (???? 2005). "Contribution of α1GABA _A and α5GABA _A receptor subtypes to the discriminative stimulus effects of ethanol in squirrel monkeys" . J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther . ?. 313 ?. 2: 658?67. DOI : 10.1124/jpet.104.080275 . PMID : 15650112 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-14. {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }}: Explicit use of et al. in: |????= ( ?????? ) ????? ?????????: ????? ??????: ????? ???????? ( link )
^ Duke AN, Platt DM, Cook JM? ?????? (????? 2006). "Enhanced sucrose pellet consumption induced by benzodiazepine-type drugs in squirrel monkeys: role of GABA _A receptor subtypes". Psychopharmacology (Berl.) . ?. 187 ?. 3: 321?30. DOI : 10.1007/s00213-006-0431-2 . PMID : 16783540 . {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }}: Explicit use of et al. in: |????= ( ?????? ) ????? ?????????: ????? ??????: ????? ???????? ( link )
^ Wallner M, Hanchar HJ, Olsen RW (???? 2006). "Low-dose alcohol actions on α4β3δ GABA _A receptors are reversed by the behavioral alcohol antagonist Ro15-4513" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . ?. 103 ?. 22: 8540?5. DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0600194103 . PMC : 1482527 . PMID : 16698930 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-14. {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }}: ????? ?????????: ????? ??????: ????? ???????? ( link )
^ Mehta AK, Ticku MK (????? 1988). "Ethanol potentiation of GABAergic transmission in cultured spinal cord neurons involves gamma-aminobutyric acidA-gated chloride channels" . J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther . ?. 246 ?. 2: 558?64. PMID : 2457076 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-14.
^ Becker HC, Anton RF (????? 1989). "The benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist RO15-4513 exacerbates, but does not precipitate, ethanol withdrawal in mice" . Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav . ?. 32 ?. 1: 163?7. DOI : 10.1016/0091-3057(89)90227-X . PMID : 2543989 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-09-20.
^ Hanchar HJ, Chutsrinopkun P, Meera P? ?????? (???? 2006). "Ethanol potently and competitively inhibits binding of the alcohol antagonist Ro15-4513 to α4/6β3δ GABA _A" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . ?. 103 ?. 22: 8546?51. DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0509903103 . PMC : 1482528 . PMID : 16581914 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-14. {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }}: Explicit use of et al. in: |????= ( ?????? ) ????? ?????????: ????? ??????: ????? ???????? ( link )

????? ?????? [ ??? ]

Global Status Report on Alcohol 2004 by the World Health Organization .
Heberlein, Ulrike? Wolf, Fred W.? Rothenfluh, Adrian? Guarnieri, Douglas J. (8 ????? 2004). "Molecular Genetic Analysis of Ethanol Intoxication in Drosophila Melanogaster " . Integrative and Comparative Biology . ?. 44 ?. 4: 269?74. DOI : 10.1093/icb/44.4.269 . PMID : 21676709 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2010-05-03.
Jane behaving badly ( New Scientist article on short-term effects of alcohol)

[1] Horowitz M, Maddox A, Bochner M? ?????? (????? 1989). "Relationships between gastric emptying of solid and caloric liquid meals and alcohol absorption" . Am. J. Physiol . ?. 257 ?. 2 Pt 1: G291?8. PMID : 2764113 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-14. {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }}: Explicit use of et al. in: |????= ( ?????? ) ????? ?????????: ????? ??????: ????? ???????? ( link )

[2] Home | Yahoo Answers ???? ?????? 2012-07-08 ?? Wayback Machine

[Awareness-3] Alcohol Awareness Page ???? ?????? 2013-06-01 ?? Wayback Machine

[BAC-4] Carleton College: Wellness Center: Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) ???? ?????? 2009-09-14 ?? Wayback Machine ^{[
???? ??????
]}

[ReferenceA-5] Feige B, Scaal S, Hornyak M, Gann H, Riemann D (????? 2007). "Sleep electroencephalographic spectral power after withdrawal from alcohol in alcohol-dependent patients". Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res . ?. 31 ?. 1: 19?27. DOI : 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00260.x . PMID : 17207097 . {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }}: ????? ?????????: ????? ??????: ????? ???????? ( link )

[6] Huang Q, He X, Ma C? ?????? (????? 2000). "Pharmacophore/receptor models for GABA _A/BzR subtypes (α1β3γ2, α5β3γ2, and α6β3γ2) via a comprehensive ligand-mapping approach". J. Med. Chem . ?. 43 ?. 1: 71?95. DOI : 10.1021/jm990341r . PMID : 10633039 . {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }}: Explicit use of et al. in: |????= ( ?????? ) ????? ?????????: ????? ??????: ????? ???????? ( link )

[7] Platt DM, Duggan A, Spealman RD? ?????? (???? 2005). "Contribution of α1GABA _A and α5GABA _A receptor subtypes to the discriminative stimulus effects of ethanol in squirrel monkeys" . J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther . ?. 313 ?. 2: 658?67. DOI : 10.1124/jpet.104.080275 . PMID : 15650112 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-14. {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }}: Explicit use of et al. in: |????= ( ?????? ) ????? ?????????: ????? ??????: ????? ???????? ( link )

[8] Duke AN, Platt DM, Cook JM? ?????? (????? 2006). "Enhanced sucrose pellet consumption induced by benzodiazepine-type drugs in squirrel monkeys: role of GABA _A receptor subtypes". Psychopharmacology (Berl.) . ?. 187 ?. 3: 321?30. DOI : 10.1007/s00213-006-0431-2 . PMID : 16783540 . {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }}: Explicit use of et al. in: |????= ( ?????? ) ????? ?????????: ????? ??????: ????? ???????? ( link )

[9] Wallner M, Hanchar HJ, Olsen RW (???? 2006). "Low-dose alcohol actions on α4β3δ GABA _A receptors are reversed by the behavioral alcohol antagonist Ro15-4513" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . ?. 103 ?. 22: 8540?5. DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0600194103 . PMC : 1482527 . PMID : 16698930 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-14. {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }}: ????? ?????????: ????? ??????: ????? ???????? ( link )

[10] Mehta AK, Ticku MK (????? 1988). "Ethanol potentiation of GABAergic transmission in cultured spinal cord neurons involves gamma-aminobutyric acidA-gated chloride channels" . J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther . ?. 246 ?. 2: 558?64. PMID : 2457076 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-14.

[11] Becker HC, Anton RF (????? 1989). "The benzodiazepine receptor inverse agonist RO15-4513 exacerbates, but does not precipitate, ethanol withdrawal in mice" . Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav . ?. 32 ?. 1: 163?7. DOI : 10.1016/0091-3057(89)90227-X . PMID : 2543989 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2018-09-20.

[12] Hanchar HJ, Chutsrinopkun P, Meera P? ?????? (???? 2006). "Ethanol potently and competitively inhibits binding of the alcohol antagonist Ro15-4513 to α4/6β3δ GABA _A" . Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A . ?. 103 ?. 22: 8546?51. DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0509903103 . PMC : 1482528 . PMID : 16581914 . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-12-14. {{ ??????? ?????? ????? }}: Explicit use of et al. in: |????= ( ?????? ) ????? ?????????: ????? ??????: ????? ???????? ( link )

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