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??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??? 378 ????? 988 ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????.

?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???.

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??????? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ???????.

??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? 630 ????? 1232 ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??? 636 ????? 1238 ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? (?????) ?? ????.

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????? ?? ????? ?????????? (?????? ????) [ ??? ]

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????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ????? ????.

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???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????.

?? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? 675 ????? 1276 ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????.

??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? 731 ????? 1330 ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? 745 ????? 1344 ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?????.

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??????? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? 748 ????? 1347 ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????.

??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????????.

????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ??? [ ??? ]

???? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? 658 ????? 1260 ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????.

??????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? 656 ????? 1258 ???????.

??????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? 658 ????? 1259 ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????.

??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? 718 ????? 1318 ???????.

??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? 741 ????? 1340 ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? 721 ????? 1321 ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ????????.

????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????:

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???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????.

????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? 755 ????? 1354 ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???????.

??????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? 150 ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? 819 ????? 1417 ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? 840 ????? 1436 ???????.

???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????.

????? ?????? ????????? [ ??? ]

???? ??? ?????????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??:

?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????.
???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????.
???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???????.
?? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????. ^[14]

???? ???? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

^ ???? ????? ???? (2006). ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????: ?? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? (?????????-??????????-??? ?????-????? ????-??????) (?. 1). ???????: ????? ?????? . ISBN : 977-208-592-5 . LCCN : 2006308817 . OCLC : 70634495 . OL : 16272475M . QID : Q118669529 .
^ ???? ????? ???? (2007). ??? ???????: ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? . ?????: ???? ??????? ???? (?. 1). ??????? : ????? ??????? ???????. ?. 35. ISBN : 977-341-337-3 .
^ ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? 2017-12-01 ?? Wayback Machine
^ [????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? 1963 ???? 119]
^ [?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? 2006 ???? 3]
^ [????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? 15 ??? 1979 ???? 75]
^ [????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? 1971 ????? 2 ? 1 ???? 313]
^ [????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? 7 ??? 2001 ???? 58]
^ [?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? 1966 ????? 7 ?????? 493-494]
^ [????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? 2 ??? 1982 ???? 12]
^ [??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? 1 ??? 1945 ???? 94-95]
^ [?????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? 2 ??? 1923 ?????? 93-95]
^ [????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? 1 ??? 1964 ???? 639]
^ [??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? 21 ????? 91 ??? 2015]

?????? ?????????
???? ?????????? ????????????	?????? ??????? 1232 - 1392	???? ?????????? ?????????????

??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ???????.

[1] ???? ????? ???? (2006). ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????: ?? ?? ??? ???????? ??????? (?????????-??????????-??? ?????-????? ????-??????) (?. 1). ???????: ????? ?????? . ISBN : 977-208-592-5 . LCCN : 2006308817 . OCLC : 70634495 . OL : 16272475M . QID : Q118669529 .

[2] ???? ????? ???? (2007). ??? ???????: ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? . ?????: ???? ??????? ???? (?. 1). ??????? : ????? ??????? ???????. ?. 35. ISBN : 977-341-337-3 .

[3] ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? 2017-12-01 ?? Wayback Machine

[4] [????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? 1963 ???? 119]

[5] [?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? 2006 ???? 3]

[6] [????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? 15 ??? 1979 ???? 75]

[7] [????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? 1971 ????? 2 ? 1 ???? 313]

[8] [????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? 7 ??? 2001 ???? 58]

[9] [?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? 1966 ????? 7 ?????? 493-494]

[10] [????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? 2 ??? 1982 ???? 12]

[11] [??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? 1 ??? 1945 ???? 94-95]

[12] [?????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? 2 ??? 1923 ?????? 93-95]

[13] [????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? 1 ??? 1964 ???? 639]

[14] [??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? 21 ????? 91 ??? 2015]

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