?????? ?????????
??????? ???? property ??? ?????. ????? 1896  ????? 1898  ????? ???????   ?????? ???????
????? ????? - ?????

??? ?? ????? ??
???????
????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????
????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????
??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????
????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? 1820 ????? 1830 ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? 1848 ?????? ??????? 1848 ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????? 1917?1923 ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????? 1956 ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????? 1989 ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? 1989 ???? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????????? 2010 ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????
???????
? ? ?

?????? ????????? ? ?????? ????? ????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ? ^[1] ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ?? ??? ????.

???? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ??? 1896? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????. ???? ????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? . ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ? ???? ???? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ≪????? ????????? ???????????≫? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????. ^[2] ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????. ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????. ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? (????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????) ????? ???????? ???? ??????. ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ????????? ??? 1897? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????. ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????. ????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? . ??? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ???. ^[3]

?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ??? 1898? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? 25 ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? . ??? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ????????? ???? 1898. ^[4] ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????. ?? ??? 19 ?? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????. ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? . ?? ??? 12 ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? . ^[5] ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????. ^[6]

????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? 1898? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ?????????. ?? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????. ^[3] ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???.

?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? 1899? ????? ????? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ????????? . ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ≪??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ????????≫. ^[7] ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? 1899? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????. ^{[8] [9]}

?? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? 1946.

???? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????. ?? ??? 1809? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??? 1834 ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????. ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? 1565? ^[10] ??? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? . ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? 1815. ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? 1821? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????????. ^[11] ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ??????????.

??? ?????? ????????? ??? 1868 ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????????. ????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????????. ^[12] ?? ??? 1869? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????. ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????.

??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??? 1871. ^[13] ?? ??? 1872? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????. ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????. ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??? ??????. ^[14] ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????????? ??????? ???????. ^[15]

????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????????. ^[16] ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????. ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ????????. ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????????. ??? ????? ????????? ????????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????????.

???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??? 1887 (????? ?? ?????? ) ? ?? ?????????????? ??? 1891 (?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? )? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????. ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??? 1888? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????. ?? ??? 1892? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???????????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????????. ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????.

????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? . ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????. ?? ??? ????? ??? 1896? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ?????. ?? ??? 19 ?? ????? ??? 1896? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????.

??????? [ ??? ]

?????? [ ??? ]

???? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???????. ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????. ???? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??? 3 ???? ?? ????? ???????????? ???? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ≪????????????≫ ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????. ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ??????????. ^{[17] [18]} ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???:

???? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????

17 ????? 1891

??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????. ??? ??????? ?????? ?? 2 ?????? ?? ??? 1800 ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???????. ???? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? 1807 ?1816. ?? ??? 1823? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????. ^[19] ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?? ??? 1840. ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? 1844 ??????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? 1857 ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????. ^[20]

?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????????. ??? ??????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? 1762 ?1764 ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ????????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???????. ?? ??? 1789? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????. ???? ??? ??????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????? ???????. ??? ??? 1790? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????. ^[21] ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? (?????? ??????? ?? ???????) ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????. ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? 6 ?????? ?? ??? 1834? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????. ^[22]

???????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? [ ??? ]

??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????. ?? ??? 1834? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???????. ????? ????? ????? 1859? ???? ???? 15 ???? ?????? ?? ??????. ??? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???????. ^[23]

?? ??? 1834? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ??????? ????????. ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????. ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????. ?? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ^[24]

?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????. ??? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????????. ??? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????. ?? ??? 1875? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? 1887. ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? . ^[24]

?? ??? 1842? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???????. ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????. ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? 1842 ?? ????? ?? ??? 1843. ???? ????? ??? ????? ???????: ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? . ^[25]

???? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????. ?? ???? ????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??? 1855? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? 1860 ???? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? 1873. ^[26]

??????? [ ??? ]

??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????. ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????. ^[27]

??? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????: ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????. ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????. ??? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????????. ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????????. ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?????. ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????.

???? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? . ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????. ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???????. ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????????????? ? ?? ???? ??????. ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????. ^[28]

???? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????. ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????????. ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???????. ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????.

??? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????. ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??????????? ???? ???? ≪????? ???????≫. ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????. ??? ?? ??? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????. ^[29]

?????????? (1687-1874) [ ??? ]

?? ??? 1868? ????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????. ^[30]

?? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??91 ???????. ??? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ?? 23 ????? 1869. ?? ???? 12 ????? ?? ??? 1869? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????????. ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? (?????? ?????? ???????) ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????????. ^[30]

????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??????????? ????? ????? ?? ????????. ????? ????? ??5 ???????? ?11 ???????? ?????? ?5 ????? ?????. ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ????????? ?? ??????. ????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ??? 1874.

???? ????? [ ??? ]

• ???????????? ?????????
• ???????????? ?????????

????? [ ??? ]

????? [ ??? ]

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• Aguinaldo y Famy? Emilio (1899)? "Chapter II. The Treaty of Biak-na-bato" ? True Version of the Philippine Revolution ? Authorama: Public Domain Books? ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-04-23 ? ???? ???? ?????? 2008-02-07
• Aguinaldo y Famy? Emilio (1899)? "Chapter III. Negotiations" ? True Version of the Philippine Revolution ? Authorama: Public Domain Books? ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-10-17 ? ???? ???? ?????? 2007-12-26
• Alvarez? S.V. (1992)? Recalling the Revolution ? Madison: Center for Southeast Asia Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison? ISBN : 1-881261-05-0
• Alvarez? Santiago V.? Malay? Paula Carolina S. (1992)? The katipunan and the revolution: memoirs of a general: with the original Tagalog text ? Ateneo de Manila University Press? ISBN : 978-971-550-077-7 ? ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-04-23 , Translated by Paula Carolina S. Malay
• Anderson? Benedict (2005)? Under Three Flags: Anarchism and the Anti-Colonial Imagination ? London: Verso? ISBN : 1-84467-037-6
• Batchelor? Bob (2002)? The 1900s : American popular culture through history ? Greenwood Publishing Group? ISBN : 978-0-313-31334-9 ? ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-04-23
• Blanchard? William H. (1996)? Neocolonialism American Style, 1960?2000 (?. illustrated)? Greenwood Publishing Group? ISBN : 978-0-313-30013-4 ? ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-04-23
• Blair? Emma ? Robertson? James (1903?1909)? The Philippine Islands, 1493?1898 ? Cleveland? ?. 1?55 {{ ??????? }} : ????? ?????????: ref duplicates default ( link ) ????? ?????????: ???? ???? ???? ( link )
• Bowring? Sir John (1859)? A Visit to the Philippine Islands ? London: Smith, Elder and Co.
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• de Moya, Francisco Javier (1883), Las Islas Filipinas en 1882 (??????????), Madrid, vol. 1?55 {{ ??????? }} : ????? ?????????: ???? ???? ???? ( link )
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• Jagor, Feodor (1873), Weidmannsche Buchhandlung (??????????), Berlin {{ ??????? }} : ????? ?????????: ref duplicates default ( link ) ????? ?????????: ???? ???? ???? ( link ) . An English translation under the title Travels in the Philippines was printed in London, 1875, by Chapman and Hall .
• Kalaw? Maximo Manguiat (1927)? The Development of Philippine Politics ? Oriental commercial? ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-04-23 ? ???? ???? ?????? 2008-02-07
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• Worcester? Dean Conant (1914)? The Philippines: Past and Present (vol. 1 of 2) ? Macmillan? ?. 75?89? ISBN : 1-4191-7715-X ? ????? ?? ????? ?? 2009-09-24 ? ???? ???? ?????? 2008-02-07
• Zaide? Gregorio (1954)? The Philippine Revolution ? Manila: The Modern Book Company
• Zaide? Gregorio F. (1957)? Philippine Political and Cultural History: The Philippines Since the British Invasion (?. 1957 Revised)? Manila: McCullough Printing Company? ?. II {{ ??????? }} : ????? ?????????: ref duplicates default ( link )
• Custodio? Teresa Ma? Dalisay? Jose Y. (1998)? "Reform and Revolution"? isbn:9622582281 - Google Search ? Kasaysayan: The History of the Filipino People? Asia ublishing Company Limited? ?. 5? ISBN : 962-258-228-1 ? ????? ?? ????? ?? 2012-03-02 ? ???? ???? ?????? 2023-06-03 .
• Halstead? Murat (1898)? "XII. The American Army in Manila" ? The Story of the Philippines and Our New Possessions, Including the Ladrones, Hawaii, Cuba and Porto Rico ? ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-04-23 .
• Kalaw? Maximo Manguiat (1927)? The Development of Philippine Politics ? Oriental commercial? ????? ?? ????? ?? 2020-04-23 ? ???? ???? ?????? 2008-02-07 .

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• Don Emilio Aguinaldo y Famy. "True Version of the Philippine Revolution" . Authorama Public Domain Books . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-10-17 . ???? ???? ?????? 2007-11-16 . (page 1 of 20 linked web pages)
• Hisona? Harold T. "Opening of Manila to World Trade" . Philippine Almanac . ????? ?? ????? ?? 2019-01-08.
• Coats? Steven D. (2006)? Gathering at the Golden Gate: Mobilizing for War in the Philippines, 1898 ? Combat studies Institute Press Part 1 (Ch. I-IV), Part 2 (Ch. V-VIII).
• The Philippine Revolution by Apolinario Mabini
• Centennial Site: The Katipunan
• Leon Kilat covers the Revolution in Cebu (archived from the original on 2009 -10-26)
• Another site on the Revolution (archived from the original on 2007 -10-13)

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