?? ?????????? ???????? ?????
????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????
??????? ??????? ???????
?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?/92 ?? 27/8/1412?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?/21 ?? 30/3/1414?? ???? ????
??????? ??????? ????????
??? ???? ???? ?????.
?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? (??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????).
[1]
???????
[
???
]
????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ???
??? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ????
???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???
1359??
/
1939?
?????? ????? ??? ??? ?? " ???? ???????" ??? ??? ?? ???????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????: ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ???????.
[2]
?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? 13
?????? ????????
?
(
1
)
????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ????????? (
???
?
????
?
??????
? ?????? ????? ????? ?????) ????? ??? ???????.
[3]
????? ??????? ??????? ????????
[
???
]
|
|
| ???????
|
??????? ???????? ???????
|
???? ???????
|
???????
??²
|
??????
(????? 2010)
|
???????
|
??? ?????????
|
| ??? ???????
|
| ????? ??????
|
??????
|
??????
???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????
|
412,000
|
8,446,866 ???? (2018?)
|
13.5
|
20
|
| ????? ??????
|
?????
|
??????
???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????
|
65,000
|
1,455,693 ???? (2018?)
[4]
|
17.5
|
11
|
| ??? ???????
|
| ????? ??? ???????
|
??? ???????
|
??????
???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????
|
164,000
|
8,803,545 ???? (2018?)
[4]
|
37.9
|
12
|
| ????? ??????? ???????
|
??????? ???????
|
??????
???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????
|
173,000
|
2,188,138 ???? (2018?)
[4]
|
9.9
|
7
|
| ???? ???????
|
| ????? ????
|
????
|
??????
??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????
|
103,887
|
716,021 ???? (2018?)
[4]
|
5.1
|
3
|
| ????? ?????
|
?????
|
??????
???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????
|
100,212
|
520,737 ???? (2018?)
[5]
|
3.6
|
3
|
| ????? ????
|
????
|
??????
??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????
|
108,000
|
930,508 ???? (2018?)
[4]
|
4.7
|
6
|
| ????? ?????? ????????
|
????
|
??????
???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????
|
187,000
|
375,310 ???? (2018?)
[6]
|
6.5
|
3
|
| ???? ???????
|
| ????? ????
|
????
|
??????
???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????
|
81,100
|
2,261,618 ???? (2018?)
[4]
|
22.0
|
12
|
| ????? ?????
|
?????
|
??????
???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????
|
13.457
|
1,603,659 ???? (2018)?
[7]
|
105
|
16
|
| ????? ?????
|
?????
|
??????
???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????
|
119,000
|
595,705 ???? (2018)
[8]
|
2.8
|
8
|
| ????? ??????
|
??????
|
??????
???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????
|
9,921
|
487,108 ????
[9]
|
38.1
|
8
|
| ??? ???????
|
| ??????? ???????
|
??????
|
??????
???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????
|
710,000
|
5,028,753 (2018?)
[4]
|
5.0
|
11
|
???? ?????
[
???
]
?????
[
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]
????? ??????
[
???
]
|
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| ??????? ???????
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| |
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