?????? ??????

	?????? ??????
	;
????????? 2-? ??????????
?????? ??????? ?????
	31 ????????? , 1987 ? 21 ??????????? , 2017
????-??????????	?????? ????-????????????: ; ?????? ??????? [en] ; (1987?2003) ; ; ???? ?????? ; (2004?2014) ; ??????? ????????? ; (2014?2017) ; ; ?????? ????-????????????: ; ????? ????? ; (1987?1999) ; ????? ????? ; (1999?2009) ; ??? ????? ; (2009?2013) ; ?????????? ????? ; (2014?2017)
???????-????????	?????? ?????? ; (1987?2009) ; ; ?????? ????????? ; (2009?2013) ; ; ?????? ?????? ; (2013 ??????)
????????	?????? ??????
?????	??????? ?????????
????????? ???????-????????
?????? ??????? ?????
	18 ?????? , 1980 ? 31 ????????? , 1987
????????	?????? ????????
?????	?????? ?????????
ZANU-PF -? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ; ; (1987 ??????? ? ????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????)
?????? ??????? ?????
	18 ?????? , 1975 ? 19 ??????????? , 2017
????????	??????? ??????
?????	??????? ?????????
??????	?????? 6, 2019 (95 ??????) ; ?????????
??????????	????????
?????????? ??????	??? ( 1960 ?1961 ) ; ???? (1961 ?1963 ) ; ???? (1963 ?1987 ) ; ZANU-PF (1987-2017)
????	??????? ??????
???????	1) ???? ???????? (1961- 1992 ) ; 2) ????? ?????? (??????) 1996 - 2019 )
????????	?????????????: ?????? ?????-??????? ?? ????????? ; ????????: ????
???????	????????
??????????

?????? ?????? ( ????. Robert Mugabe , ?. 21 ??????? , 1924 , ?????? , ?????? ??????? ? ?. 6 ?????? , 2019 , ????????? ) ^[1] ? ????????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ??????. ????????? ?????? ?????????? 1987 ?????? 2017 ???????, ????????? ? ?????? ??????? 1980 ??????. 1980 - 1987 ?????? ? ?????? ???????-???????? ???. ?????? ??? ?????????? ???????, ZANU-PF -? ??????????. 2015 ????? 30 ????????? 2016 ????? 1 ?????????? ? ??????? ????? ?????? ^[2].

??????????? ???????? ???, ??????????? ?????????? ??????, ???????? ???????? ???. ??????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??????. ???????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ( 2001 ) ?? ?????????? ????????? ???????.

2014 ????? 24 ????????? 2017 ????? 21 ?????????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????.

????????? ?????????? [ ??????????? | ???? ??????????? ]

President Mugabe's address to the 63rd session of the United Nations General Assembly , 25 September 2008
"Mugging Mugabe" (a commentary in defence of Mugabe)
"The truth about Mugabe" Archived 2012-03-28 ???-??????? Wayback Machine . (an anti-Mugabe commentary)
"Zimbabwe election ? a defeat for imperialism" Archived 2005-03-08 ???-??????? Wayback Machine .
"Zimbabwe's silent selective starvation" Archived 2005-03-23 ???-??????? Wayback Machine .
"Robert Mugabe's War to Crush Press Freedom in Zimbabwe" Archived 2012-04-20 ???-??????? Wayback Machine .
Reporters Without Borders profile on Mugabe

?????? [ ??????????? | ???? ??????????? ]

↑ “ Zimbabwe ex-President Robert Mugabe dies aged 95 “, BBC News, 6 September 2019. ???????? ??????: 6 ??????????, 2019.
↑ Zimbabwe's Mugabe, 90, becomes African Union chairman . Reuters (30 January 2015). ???????? ??????: 30 January 2015.

????????: ?????? ??????	????????? ?????????? 1987 - 2017	????????: ??????? ?????????

[1] “ Zimbabwe ex-President Robert Mugabe dies aged 95 “, BBC News, 6 September 2019. ???????? ??????: 6 ??????????, 2019.

[2] Zimbabwe's Mugabe, 90, becomes African Union chairman . Reuters (30 January 2015). ???????? ??????: 30 January 2015.

[1]

[2]