???????????????

????????????? ?????????????
???????????????
Единая Россия
?????? ?????? ???????? [1]
????????? ???????? ?????
???????????? ????????? ?????????
??????????
??????? 1 ??????? 2001 ; 22 ??????  ( 2001-12-01 )
?????????
???????? ????? 39, ?????????? ?????????? , ????? , ????????????? 121170 [2]
?????????? ?????????????????????????? [3]
???????????  (?? ?.?. 2013) 2,073,772 [4]
?????????
?????? ?????????? [12] a[›]
?????????????? ???????????????????????
??   ??? ,   ??????? ,   ??? ( ?????????????????? )
??????????????????? [13]
142 / 170
????????????????
325 / 450
?????????
58 / 85
???????????????????????????
2,849 / 3,980
????????
20 / 31
????????
er .ru แก้ไขสิ่งนี้ที่วิกิสนเทศ
???????????????
???????????????????
????????????
??????:Cnote

??????????????? ( ?????? : United Russia ; ??????? : Единая Россия , ?????????? : Yedinaya Rossiya , ????????????:  [(j)??d?in?j? r??s?ij?] ) ???????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? 325 (???? 72.22%) ?????????? 450 ????????? ??????? ? ?? ?.?. 2022 ????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2007 ????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2001 ???????????????????? ??????? ??????? ????????-??????????

???????????????????????????????????????????? ????????? ????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????????????? ??????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [14] ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2007 ?????????????? 64.3% ??????????????????????????????????????????? [15] ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [16] ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? [17] ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [18] [19] ?????????????????????????????????? "??????????????" [20] [21] [22] ???????? "?????????????" [23] [24] ???? ?.?. 2009 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [8] [9]

??????? [ ??? ]

  1. ↑ "Не вошедший в первую пятерку Медведев останется председателем ЕР" . interfax.ru .
  2. ↑ "Единая Россия официальный сайт Партии / Пресс-служба / Контакты" . er.ru . ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 17 September 2020 . ??????????? 20 February 2017 .
  3. ↑ "Rechtspopulisten - AfD-Jugend und Putin-Jugend verbunden sich" [Right-wing populists - AfD youth and Putin youth join forces]. Spiegel Online (???????????). 23 April 2016 . ??????????? 24 December 2017 .
  4. ↑ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ о численности членов Всероссийской политической партии "ЕДИНАЯ РОССИЯ" в каждом из ее региональных отделений (по состоянию на 1 января 2011 года) [Information on the number of members of the political party "UNITED RUSSIA" in each of its regional offices (as at 1 January 2011)] (???????????). minjust.ru. 1 February 2011. ????????????????????? ????????? (DOC) ????? 25 October 2012 . ??????????? 30 March 2015 .
  5. ↑ Nordsieck, Wolfram (2016). "Russia" . Parties and Elections in Europe . ??????????? 20 August 2018 .
  6. ↑ Sakwa, Richard (2013). Power and Policy in Putin's Russia . Routledge. p. 7. ISBN   978-1-317-98994-3 . ??????????? 14 October 2017 .
  7. ↑ de Vogel, Sasha (25 October 2012). "New Russian "Patriots" " . The Institute of Modern Russia . ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2017-08-05 . ??????????? 26 May 2017 .
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Mezhuev, Boris V. (2013). Democracy in Russia: Problems of Legitimacy . Power and Legitimacy?Challenges from Russia . Routledge. p. 115.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 White, Stephen (2011). Understanding Russian Politics . Cambridge University Press. p.  362 . When United Russia held its 11th Congress at St Petersburg in December 2009, with Putin now party leader, its official ideology became a ‘Russian conservatism’, although one that would be based on the country’s ‘own history, culture and spirituality’ and which would also seek to strengthen its ‘sovereignty’.
  10. ↑ "В Кремле рассказали о правом сдвиге "Единой России" " [The Kremlin talks about the right shift of "United Russia"] (???????????). RBK Group . ??????????? 25 December 2017 .
  11. ↑ Laruelle, Marlene (2009). "Nationalism as Conservative Centrism: United Russia". In the Name of the Nation . New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp.  119 ?152. doi : 10.1057/9780230101234_5 . ISBN   978-1-349-38117-3 .
  12. ↑ Chen, Cheng (2016). The Return of Ideology: The Search for Regime Identities in Postcommunist Russia and China . University of Michigan Press. p. 87. ISBN   978-0-472-11993-6 . ??????????? 30 October 2017 .
  13. ↑ "Единая Россия официальный сайт Партии / Кто есть кто / Члены Совета Федерации РФ - члены партии "Единая Россия" " . er.ru . ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 14 June 2016 . ??????????? 16 June 2016 .
  14. ↑ "Песков: Путин ? лидер "Единой России" " . Телеканал ≪Красная Линия≫ .
  15. ↑ "Support for Russia's Ruling Party Drops to Pre-Crimea Low ? Poll" , The Moscow Times , 11 March 2021
  16. ↑ Roberts, S. P. (2012). Putin's United Russia Party . Routledge Series on Russian and East European Studies. Routledge. p. 189. ISBN   9781136588334 .
  17. ↑ Way, Lucan (2010), "Resistance to Contagion: Sources of Authoritarian Stability in the Former Soviet Union", Democracy and Authoritarianism in the Postcommunist World , Cambridge University Press, pp. 246?247
  18. ↑ "Russia's Party Problem: United Russia, Putin, and the Fate of Democracy in Russia | Wilson Center" . www.wilsoncenter.org (??????????) . ??????????? 2021-07-12 .
  19. ↑ Hutcheson, Derek S. (2010). Political marketing techniques in Russia . Global Political Marketing . Routledge. p. 225.
  20. ↑ Sakwa, Richard (2011). The Crisis of Russian Democracy: The Dual State, Factionalism and the Medvedev Succession . Cambridge University Press. pp. 217?218.
  21. ↑ Bodrunova, Svetlana S.; Litvinenko, Anna A. (2013). New media and political protest: The formation of a public counter-sphere in Russia, 2008?12 . Russia's Changing Economic and Political Regimes: The Putin years and afterwards . Routledge. pp. 29?65, at p. 35.
  22. ↑ Rose, Richard (2009). Understanding Post-Communist Transformation: A bottom up approach . Routledge. p. 131.
  23. ↑ Compare: Remington, Thomas (2013). Patronage and the Party of Power: President?Parliament Relations under Vladimir Putin . Power and Policy in Putin's Russia . Routledge. p. 106. ISBN   9781317989943 . ??????????? 22 August 2016 . The party of power in Russia has not achieved ... single-minded mastery of the power and wealth associated with the control of patronage. The party is united only in its support for and dependence on the Kremlin; it is divided when its principal clients take opposing sides. ... United Russia is not a programmatic party, but a mechanism for extracting rents and distributing patronage. ... In Russia, the party is the creature of the presidency. ... [T]he construction of a lasting party of power such as united Russia requires a sustained commitment on the part of the authorities, one which president Putin has been willing to undertake. ... [T]he concerted effort by President Putin's administration to build up a lasting party of power is a significant development in post-1993 Russian politics ... .
  24. ↑ Moraski, Bryon J. (2013). The Duma's electoral system: Lessons in endogeneity . Routledge Handbook of Russian Politics and Society . Routledge. p. 109. ISBN   9781136641022 . ??????????? 22 August 2016 . With the March 2000 election of President Vladimir Putin, ... the suspicion was that ... institutional changes 'could resurrect a system dominated by a single "party of power"' (McFaul 2000, 30). ... Still, Russia's electoral system remained largely unchanged for the 2003 Duma election, although the results certainly fuelled speculation that a dominant-party-state had begun to emerge. ... With the union of Fatherland-All Russia and Unity, Russia's party of power had changed once again, this time emerging as United Russia. The 2003 Duma election provided some evidence that the electoral system was working in the party of power's favour.

??????????????? [ ??? ]

?????????????????? ?????????????????????? ???????????????
Stub icon

???????????????? ???? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????

????????: ????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? (?????????? ??????????:?????????????????????????????????????? )

  1. ↑ "Роскомнадзор заблокировал фейковый сайт фракции ≪Единой России≫" (???????????) . ??????????? 16 April 2021 .
?????????? " https://th.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=???????????????&oldid=11004537 "