???????? ???????

???????? ???????
???????? ???????
	???????? ??????? 1942-??
???????	?????? 3, 1904 ; ???????? , ?????? , ??????????? ??????? .
??????	???????? 5, 1991 (???? 87) ; ?????? , ??????????? , ???????
???	???????????, ?????? ????????
?????????? ; ????	?????????? ???????
?????????
	The Indian Express

???????? ??????? (Ramnath Goenka; ?????? 3, 1904- ???????? 5, 1991) ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ??????. ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????????. ??????? ?????????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ????????? ???????????? (26 ????, 1975 - 21 ????????, 1977) ???? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????; ????????????????? ????????? ????????????????, ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????????????. ?????????, ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????????????????.

????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????, ???????????? ???????????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????. ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? "??????? ??????" ??????????? ???????? ??? ????????????????, ????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????. ^[1] ??????? ???????? 60 ??????? ??????????? ????????? ????????????. ^[2]

???? [ ???? ]

???????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????????? 18-04-1904-?? ?????????. ???? ??? ??? ??????????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????????. ??????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????. ??????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????????. ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????????.

?????? [ ???? ]

???? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????????? ???? 15-???? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????????. ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????. 1925 -?? ???????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? 1926 -?? ??? ??????? ???????????? ??????????. ??? 1932-33 ??? ??????????. ^[3]

??????? ??????? [ ???? ]

?????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????????. ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????????????? ??????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ????????. ???? ???????, ?????????? ?????????????? ???? ?????????????? ??????????? ????? ????????????????. ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????????? 1926-l ???????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ??????????. ????????? ???????? ?????? ????????????????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????. ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????????????. ?????? ???? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????????????.

????? ????????????? ????? ???????? ???????? '?????????????? ????????' ???? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????. ???????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????????? ????????.

??????? [ ???? ]

????? ??????? ????? ???????????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????. 1932-?? ????????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ????? (?????? ???????) ???? ???? ??????????? ?????, ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????????. ?????? ??. ???????????? '?????????'???????? ???. ????????????? '???????? ??????????' ????????????? ????????? ?????????????. 1936-?? ????? ???. 26-?? ???? ' ???????? ?????????? ', ' ?????? ' ???? ??????????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ?????. 1941-?? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????????????????. ??? ??????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????.

????????? ?????? ????? [ ???? ]

1942-??? ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ????, ??????????? ???????? ??????????, ????????? ??????????, ??????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????. ???????? ?????????????? ????, ??????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ??????????????. ????????????. ???? "??????" ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????????????. ???????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????????????. ^[4]

???????, ?????????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????????. ???????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????. ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????????????. ???? ??????????? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? "??????????? ???????" (India Ravaged) ????? ????????? ???????. ?????? ????????, ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????, ??????????? ???????????????? ??????? ????????. ??? ?????????????, ?????????, ????????, ???????, ????, ??????????? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ??????????. ^[4]

??????????????????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????. ??????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????????. ??? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ??? ?????????. ???????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????????. ????????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????????. ^[5]

???? ?????????? [ ???? ]

??????? ????????, ?????? ????????, ????????? ??????????, ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????????. ??????????? ???????? ???? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????????????. ??????? ?????????, ????????? ???????????, ?????? ?????????, ???? ???????????????, ???? ?????????, ???? ?????????, ????????????? ????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????????????? ????????????. ????? ????????? ?????????, ????????? ?????????? ????????????. ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????. ????????? ????????????? ??????? ????????????. ^[6] ?????? ????????????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????????. ???? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????, ??? ???????? ??????????? ???????, ????????????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????????.

???? ???????????????????? ?????? [ ???? ]

??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ?????????????, ???? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ????????????. ?????? ????, ????????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ????????????. ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????, ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????????????? ????? ???????????????????. ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????????????? ?????????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?????????. ????????????? ??????, ????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??????????? 250 ????????? ??????????????. ^[7]

??????? ???? ?????????? [ ???? ]

??????? '??????'???? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???????, ??? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????, ???????, ???????, ?????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????. ??????????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????. ????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????.

????? ??????? [ ???? ]

?? ???? ???????? ??????????, ?? ???? ????? ??????????, ?? ????? ???????????, ??????, ????? ?????, ?????? ??????, ?????? ??????????, ???, ?????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????. 1991-?? ???????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????? ????? ??????????????? ???????????????????????

???????????? [ ???? ]

???? ?????? ?????????????????? ???????????????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? 1991, ???. 5-??? ?????????. ????? ???????? ???????? ??. ??. ??????? ??????? ?????????????. ??? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????????????. ^[8] "???????? ???????": ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? 2005-?? ???????? ???????????????.

???????? [ ???? ]

↑ http://www.dinamani.com/edition/story.aspx?artid=406441&SectionID=133&MainSectionID=133&SectionName=Editorial%20Articles&SEO= ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????
↑ Naqvi, Saeed (2000). "THOUGHT & ACTION: The Baron" . Indian Today. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24 . ????????????? ???? 2012-04-27 .
↑ "???????????????????? ????" . Archived from the original on 2012-02-28 . ????????????? ???? 2012-04-29 .
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 http://tamilnaduthyagigal.blogspot.in/2011/02/blog-post_09.html
↑ "??????" ?????????? ???????? ????.
↑ http://writersamas.blogspot.in/2011/03/blog-post.html
↑ ????????? ??????? ???? 2004; ????????? ???????; ?????? 176-178
↑ Warrior of the Fourth Estate, is the official biography of Goenka and is authored by BG Verghese. It has been published by Penguin, India. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0-67-005842-4

???? ?????????? [ ???? ]

[1] ttp://www.dinamani.com/edition/story.aspx?artid=406441&SectionID=133&MainSectionID=133&SectionName=Editorial%20Articles&SEO= ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????

[2] Naqvi, Saeed (2000). "THOUGHT & ACTION: The Baron" . Indian Today. Archived from the original on 2015-09-24 . ????????????? ???? 2012-04-27 .

[3] "???????????????????? ????" . Archived from the original on 2012-02-28 . ????????????? ???? 2012-04-29 .

[tamilnaduthyagigal.blogspot.in-4] 4.0 ^4.1 http://tamilnaduthyagigal.blogspot.in/2011/02/blog-post_09.html

[5] "??????" ?????????? ???????? ????.

[6] ttp://writersamas.blogspot.in/2011/03/blog-post.html

[அமுதசுரபி-7] ????????? ??????? ???? 2004; ????????? ???????; ?????? 176-178

[8] Warrior of the Fourth Estate, is the official biography of Goenka and is authored by BG Verghese. It has been published by Penguin, India. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 0-67-005842-4

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]