??. ??. ??. ????????

??. ??. ??????? ????????
??. ??. ??????? ????????
???????	20 ???????? 1923 ; ???????????? , ?????? ??????? , ??????????? ??????? ; (??????? ????????? , ??????? )
??????	31 ???????? 2001 (???? 78) ; ????????????? , ???????????? , ????????? , ???????
??????	??????????, ?????????, ??????, ????????????????
????	?????
??????????	????????
?????	1941?1999
???	?????? ??????????, ??????? ?????????, ????????
??????? ???????	???????? ?????????????
??????????????? ??????????	??????? ??????? ; ?????: ??????? ????????? ; ?????? ?????? ?????
??????????????	??. ??. ???????? ?????????? (??????)

??. ??. ??????? ???????? , ( T. M. Chidambara Ragunathan , ???????? 20 , 1923 ? ???????? 31 , 2001 ) ???????, ?????, ?????????, ?????, ?????????????, ??????, ???????? ?????? ???? ????????????? ?????????. ????????? ????????? ?????????. ?????????? ????????????, ????????, ???????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????.

????????? [ ???? ]

??. ??. ??. ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????. ???? ????????????? ???????, ???????? ????? ????? ???????????? ?????????. ????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ??????????? 33 ??????? ?????????? ???? ????????, ?????? ????? ??????????????, ???????????? ???????????? ??????????. ????? ?????? ??. ??. ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ????????? ????? ???????????????? ?????????. ^[1]

?????????? ???????? [ ???? ]

???????? ???????????????? ???????? 21, 1923?? ?????????. ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????????????? ??????????. ????? ???????? ?. ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????????????? ?????????. ????? ????? ??????? 1941?? ??????? ???????? ??????????. ?????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? 1942?? ?????????? ????????. 1944?? ?????????? ???? ????????????? ?????? 1946?? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????????. ????? ????? ???????? ????? 1945?? ?????????. ????? ???????????? ????????????????? 1948?? ??????? ??????? ?????????. ????? ????????? 1951?? ??????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????????. ?????????? ???? ???????? ??????????????????? 50,000 ???????? ????????????. ??? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????????????. 1954?56 ??? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???? ??????????. ^[2] ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? , ?????? ??????? , ?????????? , ??. ??????????? ????? ???? ????????????? ???????????????????. ?????? ???????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????????. 1960?? ??????? ???? ????????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?????????????????? ???????? ????????????. ???? ??????????????? ?????????????????: ???????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? . ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? - ??????? ????????? 1983?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????. 1985?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????????. 1988?? ??????? ???? ???????????? ????? ????????. 2001?? ????????????????? ?????????.

????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????? ??????. 1948?? ??????????????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ????????????. 1951?? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????????????. 1999?? ??????????????? ?????? - ?????????????? ??????????? ???? ???? ????????????. ??????? 1951?? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????????? ????????????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????? ????? ????? ????????????? ( ??. ??. ??????????? ????????) ???? ????? ?????????????????????? ????????????? ??????????????. 1942 ????? 1962 ??? ????? ????????? ???????? ???? ????????? ????????. ???? ??? ???????? ??????????? ??????????. ????????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????????????. ????? ????????? ??????? ???????????????. ????????????????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ?????????????. ???????? ??????? 4 ????????? ???????????, 3 ??????? ???????????, 3 ??????????, 2 ????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????????. ^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

?????????????? [ ???? ]

?????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??? “??????? ???????” ????? ????? ??????? ????????. ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????????????, ???? ????? ???????????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ??????, ??????? ??????? ??????????????????. “????????? ??????????”, “????????? ??????????” ???? ????????? ????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????????. “???????????? ?????” ??????? ?????? ???, ??????????? ??? ??????????????? ??? ????? ???????????? ???? ??????????????? ???????, ???? ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????????. ^[8]

????????? [ ???? ]

????????? ?????? ?????? ? 1983
??????? ?????? ???? ?????? (???? ??????? ???????? ???????????????)
????????? ????? ????????????????? ????? ????? ?????
????? ?????? - 2001

?????? ??????? [ ???? ]

??????? [ ???? ]

???????? ??????? ?????????
?????????????
????????
???????? ??????

????? [ ???? ]

???????? ????????
?????????? ????????
??????? ?????

????? [ ???? ]

?????
???????? (??????????????? ????????????????)
???????
??????? ??????? ^[9] (?????????? ????? ???????? ???????/?????)

?????? [ ???? ]

???? ????????
????? ?????????

????????? [ ???? ]

??????? ?????????
?????? ?????????
????????? ?????????? (????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????)
????????? ??????????
????? ??????? ?????????
??????????????? ?????? - ??? ?????????????? ??????????????? (1999)

?????? [ ???? ]

??????????????? ??????

????? [ ???? ]

???????????? ????? (1984)

????????????? [ ???? ]

???? (???????????? - ?? ????).
???????? ?????????? (?????????????? ????????? - ????????? ????? ??????).
?????? ?????????? (???????????? - ?? ?????????? ???????); ??????????????, ??????; ????????? 685
????????? ????? (???????????? ?????? ??????)
????????? (???????????? ??????????)

??????????? [ ???? ]

↑ "??.??.??????? ???????? ??????????: ??????????? ??????? ???????!" . Hindu Tamil Thisai . ????????????? ???? 2022-10-10 .
↑ "??.??.??. ???????? 10" . Hindu Tamil Thisai . ????????????? ???? 2021-12-31 .
↑ Tamil Sahitya Akademi Awards 1955?2007 ????????????? 2010-01-24 at the ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? Official website.
↑ Viswanathan, S (02 February 2002). "A trailblazer" . Frontline ??? ????????? ??????? 7 ??????? 2012 ?????. ?????????????. . https://web.archive.org/web/20121107040555/http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl1903/19031010.htm . ??????? ????: 8 June 2010 .
↑ "Tho.Mu.Si. dead" . ?? ????? . 01 January 2002 ??? ????????? ??????? 6 ???? 2011 ?????. ?????????????. . https://web.archive.org/web/20110606203142/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2002/01/01/stories/2002010102160500.htm . ??????? ????: 8 June 2010 .
↑ "Novel as critique" . The Hindu . 04 January 2004 ??? ????????? ??????? 6 ???? 2011 ?????. ?????????????. . https://web.archive.org/web/20110606203321/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2004010400220300.htm&date=2004%2F01%2F04%2F&prd=lr& . ??????? ????: 8 June 2010 .
↑ Lal, Mohan (2006). The Encyclopaedia Of Indian Literature (Volume Five (Sasay To Zorgot), Volume 5 . ????????? ?????? ?????? . p. 4073. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 9788126012213 .
↑ ????????? (28 ?????? 2014). "????????? ???????????? ??.??.??.????????" . ????????? . Archived from the original on 2016-03-06 . ????????????? ???? 28 ?????? 2014 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= ( help )
↑ ?.??????????????. "??.??.?? ????????... ???????????????, ??.?.?? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????! ??? ??????????? ??? ????? 9" . www.vikatan.com/ . ????????????? ???? 2021-12-31 .

???? ?????????? [ ???? ]

aaraamthinai.com ????????????? 2007-09-26 at the ??????? ?????????
???????.??? ????????,??.??.??.???????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? 2012-06-18 at the ??????? ?????????

[1] "??.??.??????? ???????? ??????????: ??????????? ??????? ???????!" . Hindu Tamil Thisai . ????????????? ???? 2022-10-10 .

[2] "??.??.??. ???????? 10" . Hindu Tamil Thisai . ????????????? ???? 2021-12-31 .

[sahitya-3] Tamil Sahitya Akademi Awards 1955?2007 ????????????? 2010-01-24 at the ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? Official website.

[4] Viswanathan, S (02 February 2002). "A trailblazer" . Frontline ??? ????????? ??????? 7 ??????? 2012 ?????. ?????????????. . https://web.archive.org/web/20121107040555/http://www.hindu.com/fline/fl1903/19031010.htm . ??????? ????: 8 June 2010 .

[5] "Tho.Mu.Si. dead" . ?? ????? . 01 January 2002 ??? ????????? ??????? 6 ???? 2011 ?????. ?????????????. . https://web.archive.org/web/20110606203142/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2002/01/01/stories/2002010102160500.htm . ??????? ????: 8 June 2010 .

[6] "Novel as critique" . The Hindu . 04 January 2004 ??? ????????? ??????? 6 ???? 2011 ?????. ?????????????. . https://web.archive.org/web/20110606203321/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2004010400220300.htm&date=2004%2F01%2F04%2F&prd=lr& . ??????? ????: 8 June 2010 .

[7] Lal, Mohan (2006). The Encyclopaedia Of Indian Literature (Volume Five (Sasay To Zorgot), Volume 5 . ????????? ?????? ?????? . p. 4073. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 9788126012213 .

[8] ????????? (28 ?????? 2014). "????????? ???????????? ??.??.??.????????" . ????????? . Archived from the original on 2016-03-06 . ????????????? ???? 28 ?????? 2014 . {{ cite web }}: Check date values in: |accessdate= and |date= ( help )

[9] ?.??????????????. "??.??.?? ????????... ???????????????, ??.?.?? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????! ??? ??????????? ??? ????? 9" . www.vikatan.com/ . ????????????? ???? 2021-12-31 .

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[9]

?? ? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????????
1955 - 1975	??. ??. ???????????? (1955) · ????? ??????????????? (1956) · ??????????? ??????????????? (1958) · ??. ?????????? (1961) · ??. ?. ???? (1962) · ?????? (1963) · ??. ???? ????????? (1965) · ?. ??. ???????? (1966) · ??. ??. ????????? (1967) · ?. ??????? ?????? (1968) · ?????????? (1969) · ??. ?????????? (1970) · ??. ???????????? (1971) · ?????????? (1972) · ????? ????????? (1973) · ?. ?. ?????????????? (1974) · ???. ?????????? (1975) ·
1976 - 2000	??????? ???????????? (1977) · ????????????? (1978) · ??. ?????????? (1979) · ????????? (1980) · ??. ?????????? (1981) · ??. ???. ?????? (1982) · ??. ??. ??????? ???????? (1983) · ??????? ?????????????? (1984) · ?. ?. ???????????? (1985) · ?. ??. ????????????? (1986) · ????? (1987) · ??. ??. ??????????? (1988) · ??. ?. ??????????? (1989) · ??. ?????????? (1990) · ??. ??????????? (1991) · ????. ????????? (1992) · ???. ??. ??????????? (1993) · ????????? (1994) · ????????? (1995) · ??. ??. ???? (1996) · ??????????? (1996) · ???????? ?????? ?????? (1997) · ??. ???????? (1998) · ??????? ??????? (1999) · ??. ?. ?????????? (2000) ·
2001 ?????	??. ??. ????????? (2001) · ?????? ?????????????? (2002) · ????????? (2003) · ????? ????????? (2004) · ??. ??????? (2005) · ??.?????? (2006) · ???. ????????? (2007) ???????? ?????????? (2008) · ???????? (2009) · ???????? ????? (2010) · ??. ?????????? (2011) · ??????? ????????? (2012) · ?? ?? ?????? (2013) · ????? (2014) · ?. ?????? (2015) · ????????? (2016) · ????????? (2017) · ???. ???????????? (2018) · ??. ?????? (2019) · ?????? (2020) · ??. ?????????? (2020) · ?? ? ??? ??????? (2020) · ????? (2021) ·