???????

??????? ??????????????? ?????????????????? ???????.
???????? 27, 1987 ????? ????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??,

??????? ( cyclone ) ???????? ???? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????????, ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?????????. [1] [2] . ?????? ?????????????? ??????????? ???? ?? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ????? ?????????.

????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ???? ???????????. [3] [4] . ????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ????????????, ????? ?????????????? ???????? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ??????????????. ????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????????, ????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????, ???? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????????. ?????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????. [5] [6] ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? , ?????????? ????? ??? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????. [7] [8]

??????? ?????????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????????? ????????????.. [9] ????????? ???????????? ????? ????????????. ?????????????? . ????????????? 2006-08-30 at the ??????? ????????? 2006-12-28 ????? ???????????????.</ref>. ???????????? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???????????. ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ????, ?? ???????????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????????????. ?????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????, ?????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ????????? ???????????????. ?????????????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????, ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ??????????????? (jet streams) ??? ???????? ????????????.

??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????. ??????????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????????????, ?????????????? ????? ?????????????? ???????????. ??? ?????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???????, ????? ??????? ???? ?????????, ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????? ??? ???? ????????; ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????; ?????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ???????????. ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??????, ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????????. ????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ????????????. ?????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????????, ?????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????, ???? ??? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????????. ??? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????????. ?????????????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????????? ??????? ????????? ????????????. ??? ??????????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??????????.

????????? ?????????????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ??????????????. ????????????? ?????????????, ???????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????. [10] ?????? ????????????? ???? ?????????? ??????????????????? ??????????; ?????? ????? ???????????????, ???????????????????? ????????? ??????????. ????????? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????. [11] ???? ???????????? ???? ????????? ???????????. ????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????????????????? ???? ????????????. [12]

?????????? [ ???? ]

????? ???????????????? ????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ???????????. ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????, ??? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????????. ??? ??????? ???????????? ??? ????? ?????????????????. [13] ????????? ?????, ?????????? ???????? ?????? (??????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????? ??? ???? ????????? ????????? ??????????????????????) ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????. ?????? ?????????????, ??????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????????????. [14] ?????????? ??????? ?? ???????????, ????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????????????, ???? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??????. [15] (??????????????? ??????? ??????, ?? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? .)

?????????? [ ???? ]

???????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????????. ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????????????? ????, ??? ??????????? ??????????. ??? ???????????????? ?????? ??????????. ???? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ?????????????????.
????????? ??????????: Cyclogenesis ??????? Tropical cyclogenesis

?????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????????? ????? ???????. (??????? ?????????? ???????).????????? ???????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????????? 2006-12-28 ????? ?????????????.</ref> ?????????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????. ??? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ?????????. ??? ???? ???????? ?????????. (??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???) ??? ????? ??????????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????, ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????????????????. ??????????????? ???????????????, ???????? ????? ??? ????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???????????. [10] ????????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ???????????????. [11] ???? ???? ???????????? ???? ??????? ???????????. ????? ???????????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????????, ??????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????. [12] ?????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????????. ??????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? (???? ?????????? ???????) ?????? ?????. ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????. ???? ????? ?????????????? ????? ??????????. [16]

?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????. ??????-?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ????, ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????. [17] ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????????. [18] ???????????? ????????? ???? ???????, ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????; ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????????. ???? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????. ???????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????????????????, ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????????????????. ??? ????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ????? ??????????????. ??????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????????????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????. ???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????????????, ??????????? ???? ??????, ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????????. [19] ???? ??????????, ????? ?????? ??????, ???? ????????? ??? ????? ????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????????????. ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????????. [20]

?????????????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ????????????. ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????????. [21]

?????? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????????? ????? ????? ?????????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????????. [22] ????? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ????????????. ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????????????? ????? ???????. ????? ????? ?????????????? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????????: ??????? ???? ???? ???????????? ???????, ????????????????? ???? ???????, ?????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???? ????????, ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????????? ??????, ????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ????????. [23] ?????????? ??????????? ??????? 86 ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????. ???????? 47 ????? ??????/ ????? ??????? ??? ?????????. 20 ??? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????????. (???????? - ????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??????. (Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Scale)). [24]

???????? ????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ("?????? ?????????") ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? ???????????. ??? ?????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????????. ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????????. ???? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????. (??????????? ????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ?????????). ?????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????????. ???? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????????????: ??? ?????????? ?????????????? (??????????????? ??????????????), ?????? ?????????????? (?????? ??????? ?????????????) ????????? ??????????. ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????. [25] ??????????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ??? ??????????? ??????????.

??????????? ???????? [ ???? ]

??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????????. ????????????? ????????? ??????? ( Hurricane ) ???????, ?????? ????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ( Tornado ) ???????, ????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ( Typoon ) ???????, ?????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ( Willy Willy ) ??????? ????????????????. ???????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ( Cyclone ) ????????????. ??? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????????. [26]

?????? [ ???? ]

?????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????: ????? ????? ?????????? (?????? ????????), ????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? (?????? ??), ???????? ????? ?????????? (?????????-????????? ????????), ???????????? ????????{/0, {0}????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????????

????? ????? ?????????? [ ???? ]

?????? ?????????? [27] ??????? ????????????? ?????? , ???-?????? , ?????? ????????? ??????? , ??? ??????? ?????????? ???????????, ??? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??? ?????????. [28] ???? ?????? ???????, ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????. 1,000 ?????????????? (620 mi) ????????? 2,000 ?????????????? (1,200 mi) ??? ?????????? ??????, ?????? ??? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????????. ?????? ??? ????????? ?????????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????. ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????. [27] ???? ????? ?????????, 160 ?????? ??????????????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????. [29] ?????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ????????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????. ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ????, ????? ?????? ??????????. [30]

????? ???????? ?????? [ ???? ]

?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? (?????????? ?????). ??? ????? ???????????? ????? ???? ???? ??????????, ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ??????????????. ???? ???????, ??????? ??? ??????????, 1,000 ?????????????? (620 mi) ? ??? ??????? ??????????. ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ????????????. ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ???????????. ?????????? ????? ????????????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ????????. ??? ???? ????????????????? ????????, ??????????, ????, ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????, ????????? ?????, ????????? ??, ????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????????. ????? ???? ????????? ????????? 17 m/s. ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????????. [31]

????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? [ ???? ]

??????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????. ?????????????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????????. "L" ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ("??") ????????????. ??? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????????.

????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????????. ??? ???? ??????????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ???????????????, ???? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????????????????. ???? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????????. [32]

????????? ?????? ??? ????????????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ?????, ????????? ????????? (????? ????????????? ??????) ???? ????? ????????????. ???? ?????????? ??????- ??? ??????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ??????????????, ?????? "???????????????? ????? ??????????" ??????? ??????????????. ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????????. [32] ?????????????????????</ref> [33] ?????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????????. ?????????? ?????????????? ????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????, ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????????.

????????????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ??????????????????????. ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????. ????????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????????????????????? ????, ??????????? ??????? ????? ??????????. [34] ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????, ???? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????, ????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ??? ???????????. ?????????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????????? ??? ???????????. [10]

??? ????? ????? ??????? [ ???? ]

??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????????, 2007

??? ????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????????. ???????? ???????????????????? 50 ??? ???-?????? ????? ?????? ?????????. [35] 1950 ??? ?????????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????????????????????. [36] 1972 ??? ???????????, ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????????. [37] 2002 ??? ?????, ??????????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ????????????. [35] ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????????, ???? ???? ????????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????????????????. ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????. [35]

??? ????? ???????????? ??????????? ??? ????????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ????????????, ???????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????, ?????? ????? ?????? [[??????????/0} ?????????, 23 ?????? ????????? ???? ??????????.|??????????/0} ?????????, 23 ?????? ????????? ???? ??????????. [38] ]] ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????????????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ??????. ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????????? ????????????????, ??? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????????. [39]

????? ??????? [ ???? ]

?????????? ???????, ??? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ???????, ?????? 26 2004 ????? ??????? ???????? ????????????????? ???????????????.
????????? ???????: ????? ??????? ???????

????? ??????? ??????? ( tropical cyclone ) ?????? ??? ????? ???????????. ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ,??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????. ???? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????????. ????????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ????, ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????. ?????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????????. ?????????????, ????????? ????????????????, ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????????????. ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????????????????. [10]

????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????????? (??? ????????? ??????? ????? ????????????? ????????? ????????????), ??? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????????????. ??????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????, ?????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ?????????????????. ???????? ??????????, ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????????, ????? ??????, ????? ??????, ????? ????? ?????, ????? ???????, ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ??????????????????. ??????? ?????????????, ??????????? ??????????, ???????? ???????????? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????????????. (??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????) [40]

???? ????? ????? ???????????? ??? ????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ????????. ????????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??????????, ????? ??????????????? ????? ????????????????? ???????? ?????????. [41] ??? ????? ??????????? ????? ???? ??????? [42] ???? ????????????. ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????????. [43] ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????, ?????????? ?????????????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????????????? ????????? ???????????. ????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ????????????????????? ??????. ????????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ????????????????? ?????????. 40 ?????????????? (25 mi) ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????, ??? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??????????. [44] ??? ????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????, ?????????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????????? ????????????? ????????? ??????????. ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ????????????????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ????? ???????. ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ???????????????.

?????? ??????????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????????. ??? ??? ?????????? ????? ????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????. ????????? ???????? ???????????, ?????? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????????????????; ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??? ????????????. ?????, ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????, ????? ????? ?????????? ????????, ??????? ??? ????????????. ???? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????, ?????? ???????? ???????????? ???? ??????? ??????????, ????? ????? ??????????, ???? ??????? ??? ??????????? ???????????????? ??????????. ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ???????????; [10] ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ????, ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ????????. [45]

?????????? [ ???? ]

????????????? ??????? ???? ???? ????????, ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ????????

???? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????????, ??? ??? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? 2 ?????????????? (1.2 mi) ??????????????????? 10 ?????????????? (6.2 mi) ??????????? ??? ???? ?????????? ??????????????. (?????????? ???? ??????) [46] ??? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????, ??? ??????? ??? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ????????. ??? ??????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???????? ????????????. [47] ???? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????????. ???? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ???????????. ????????? ?????????? ?????????? 1700 ???? ????????????, ??????????? ???? ???????????????? ???????????. [11]

???????? ?????????? ???????, ??????? ???????? ???????????????? ???? ???????????????????.

?????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ????. ????????????, ??? ????? ??????????? ??????????. ????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ?????????????????. ??? ?????????????? ??? ????? ????????????????, ??? ????? ??????????????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???????????. ??? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??? ???? ????? ??????. ???? ?????????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????????. [8] ???????? ???????????? ?? ???????? ?????????????. [7] ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????????????????, ????? ?????????????? ?????????????????????????. ????? ??? ??? ????? ???????. ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????????????. [48]

??????????? [ ???? ]

  1. ↑ "cyclone circulation" . Glossary of Meteorology . American Meteorological Society. Archived from the original on 2011-07-07 . ????????????? ???? 2008-09-17 . {{ cite web }} : External link in |work= ( help ) ; Unknown parameter |= ignored ( help )
  2. ↑ "cyclone1" . Glossary of Meteorology . American Meteorological Society . Archived from the original on 2008-10-04 . ????????????? ???? 2008-09-17 . {{ cite web }} : External link in |publisher= and |work= ( help ) ; Unknown parameter |= ignored ( help )
  3. ↑ "BBC Weather Glossary - Cyclone" . BBC Weather . Archived from the original on 2001-11-27 . ????????????? ???? 2006-10-24 . {{ cite web }} : External link in |publisher= ( help )
  4. ↑ "UCAR Glossary - Cyclone" . University Corporation for Atmospheric Research . ????????????? ???? 2006-10-24 . {{ cite web }} : External link in |publisher= ( help )
  5. ↑ Robert Hart (18 ???????? 2003). "Cyclone Phase Analysis and Forecast: Help Page" . Florida State University Department of Meteorology . ????????????? ???? 2006-10-03 . {{ cite web }} : Check date values in: |date= ( help ) ; External link in |publisher= ( help )
  6. ↑ ??????????, I., 1975. ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????????????? ?????? ?????????, 56(5), 527-530.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 ?????? ????????. ????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????????????. 2008-06-02 ????? ???????????????????.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 ???? . ???????? ??????????. ????????????? 2008-04-15 at the ??????? ????????? 2008-06-02 ????? ??????? ??????????????.
  9. ↑ Nina A. Zaitseva (2006). "Cyclogenesis" . National Snow and Ice Data Center . Archived from the original on 2006-08-30 . ????????????? ???? 2006-12-04 .
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Hurricane Research Division. "Frequently Asked Questions: What is an extra-tropical cyclone?" . NOAA . ????????????? ???? 2006-07-25 .
  11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 ??????? ??? ???????. ?????????? : ?? ????????????. ????????????? 2008-06-16 at the ??????? ????????? 2008-06-02 ????? ???????????????????.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????????? ????????: http://www.srh.noaa.gov/eyw/HTML/spoutweb.htm
  13. ↑ Landsea, Chris and Sim Aberson. (August 13 2004 ). "What is the "eye"?". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory.  
  14. ↑ ????????? ?????????????. ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????.
  15. ↑ ?????? ????????. ??? ??????: D3) ?????? (??????) ???????????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ?????? ???????? (????????) ???? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? ???? 2009-01-09.
  16. ↑ "American Meteorological Society Glossary - Cyclogenesis" . Allen Press Inc. 2000-06. Archived from the original on 2007-09-27 . ????????????? ???? 2006-10-12 . {{ cite web }} : Check date values in: |date= ( help ) ; External link in |publisher= ( help ) ; Unknown parameter |= ignored ( help )
  17. ↑ COMET ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????????? ???????
  18. ↑ ??????? D. ????????, J.M. ???????? ? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????-???????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????????
  19. ↑ ?? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????
  20. ↑ St. ?????? ???????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????????? 2006-09-16 at the ??????? ?????????
  21. ↑ ?????? ?????????. "??????????????? ????????? ??? ????????? ????????? ?????????" (?????? ?????????)2008 ???????? 25 ????? ????????????.
  22. ↑ Arctic Climatology and Meteorology. "Definition for Cyclogenesis" . National Snow and Ice Data Center. Archived from the original on 2006-08-30 . ????????????? ???? 2006-10-20 .
  23. ↑ ?????? ????????. ??? ?????? Subject: A15) ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ? 2008-06-02 ????? ???????????????????.
  24. ↑ Chris Landsea. "Climate Variability table - Tropical Cyclones" . Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . ????????????? ???? 2006-10-19 .
  25. ↑ ????? ??????????. ?? ??????? ???????? FAQ: ???????????????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????. ????????????? 2006-09-29 at the ??????? ????????? 2008-06-02 ????? ???????????????????.
  26. ↑ ??????????? ????????
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 [2] ^ ??????? ????????? ???????????????.(2009). ????? ????? ????????????? 2011-01-09 at the ??????? ????????? 2008-06-02 ????? ???????????????????.
  28. ↑ ???????? ??????? (Halldor Bjornsson.) ???????? ???????????. 2008-06-02 ????? ???????????????????.
  29. ↑ ????-???? ???, ???? L. ?????? ??????? ?????? ???. ??????????????????? ????? ????????????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ?????????. 2008-06-02 ????? ???????????????????.
  30. ↑ ?????? E. ?????????. ?????????????????, ??????? ????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????????????. ????????????? 2001-12-24 at the ??????? ????????? 2008-06-02 ????? ???????????????????.
  31. ↑ E. A. Rasmussen and J. Turner (2003). Polar Lows: Mesoscale Weather Systems in the Polar Regions . Cambridge University Press. p. 612. ??????????? ?????????? ???   9780521624305 .
  32. ↑ 32.0 32.1 Dr. DeCaria (2005-12-07). "ESCI 241 ? Meteorology; Lesson 16 ? Extratropical Cyclones" . Department of Earth Sciences, Millersville University, Millersville, Pennsylvania . Archived from the original on 2008-02-08 . ????????????? ???? 2006-10-21 . {{ cite web }} : External link in |publisher= ( help )
  33. ↑ Robert Hart and Jenni Evans (2003). "Synoptic Composites of the Extratropical Transition Lifecycle of North Atlantic TCs as Defined Within Cyclone Phase Space" (PDF) . American Meteorological Society . ????????????? ???? 2006-10-03 . {{ cite web }} : External link in |publisher= ( help )
  34. ↑ ???? N. ????. ???????? 3: ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????. ????????????? 2008-05-10 at the ??????? ????????? 2008-06-15 ????? ?????????????????.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 ?????? ????????. ??? ??????: A6) ??? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ? 2008-06-02 ????? ???????????????????.
  36. ↑ ?????? B. ?????????. ?????. 2008-07-14 ????? ??????? ??????????????.
  37. ↑ R. H. ????????? ??????? ???? ??. ????????. ??????????? ??????? ????? ??? 1972. 2008-06-02 ????? ???????????????????.
  38. ↑ David Mark Roth (15 ???????? 2002). "A Fifty year History of Subtropical Cyclones" (PDF) . Hydrometeorological Prediction Center . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-26 . ????????????? ???? 2006-10-04 . {{ cite web }} : Check date values in: |date= ( help ) ; External link in |publisher= ( help )
  39. ↑ Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory , Hurricane Research Division. "Frequently Asked Questions: What is a sub-tropical cyclone?" . NOAA . ????????????? ???? 2006-07-25 .
  40. ↑ National Hurricane Center (2005). "Glossary of NHC/TPC Terms" . National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration . ????????????? ???? 2006-11-29 .
  41. ↑ James M. Shultz, Jill Russell and Zelde Espinel (2005). "Epidemiology of Tropical Cyclones: The Dynamics of Disaster, Disease, and Development" . Oxford Journal . ????????????? ???? 24 ???????? 2007 . {{ cite web }} : Check date values in: |accessdate= ( help )
  42. ↑ Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Hurricane Research Division. "Frequently Asked Questions: How do tropical cyclones form?" . NOAA . ????????????? ???? 2006-07-26 .
  43. ↑ ????? ??????? ?????. ??????????? : C2) ??????????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? 2008-06-02 ????? ???????????????????.
  44. ↑ ?????? ????????? ????? ?????????????? ????????????????. 2005 ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????. 2006-10-01 ????? ???????????????????.
  45. ↑ Padgett, Gary (2001). "Monthly Global Tropical Cyclone Summary for December 2000" . ????????????? ???? 2006-03-31 .
  46. ↑ "American Meteorological Society Glossary - Mesocyclone" . Allen Press Inc. 2000-06. Archived from the original on 2006-07-09 . ????????????? ???? 2006-12-07 . {{ cite web }} : Check date values in: |date= ( help ) ; External link in |publisher= ( help )
  47. ↑ ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????, ??????????????. ???????????? ????? ??????? ?????-?????????? ????? ????? ????????????, ????? ??????? ???? ???? 10, 2006 ????? ???????????????. 2008-06-02 ????? ???????????????????.
  48. ↑ Ellen Cohen. "Jupiter's Great Red Spot" . Hayden Planetarium . ????????????? ???? 2007-11-16 . {{ cite web }} : External link in |publisher= ( help )

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