???. ???. ??????

???.???.??????
H. N. Ridley
???.???.?????? ; H. N. Ridley
	?????? ???????? ?????
???????	10 ???????? 1885 ; ??????????, ; ???????????
??????	???????? 24, 1956 (???? 100) ; ????, ????, ; ???????????
?????	?????????? ????????????? (1877)
???	????? ???????????? ; 1888 - 1911
????????	?????? ???????? ?????? - ?????? ????
?????????? ; ????	?????? ????? ??????
?????????	?????
?????????
	Sir Henry Nicholas Ridley

??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ( Henry Nicholas Ridley ^[1], 10 ???????? 1885 - 24 ???????? 1956) ??????? ????????? (???????? ??????? ) ?????? ??????? ???????????????????. ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ????????????. ^[2]

???? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ????????????????? ?????????????. ^[3] ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????. ???? ?????? , ????????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????????. ???? ???????? ???? 135. ^[4]

?????? [ ???? ]

‘?????? ??????’ ????? ?????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????, ????????????? ???? ?????????? ????? ???????? 10 ???????? 1885 ??? ???? ?????????. ??????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????. ???????? ????? ?????? ????. ?????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????. ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????????. ?????????????? ???? ??? ??????????????? ???????? ????? ????????????.

?????????? ????????????????? ????????? ?????? [ ???? ]

1877??? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????????. ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????????. ??? ????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ????????????. 1888??? ????? ????????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????.

????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????, ??????????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????????. ????, ??????? ???????? ??????????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ???????? ????????.

?????????? ???????? [ ???? ]

?????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????. ????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????????. ???? ????????? ???????? ??????????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????.

??????????? 22 ?????? ???????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????. ^[5] ????????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? 1877-??? ??????????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????????? ???? ????????????? ?????????. ?????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????????????. ^[6] ?????? 13 ???????? ????????????? ?????????.

???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????. ???? ???????? ????? ????????? ????????????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????. ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????. ??????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????. ^[7] ???????? ???? 135.

????????? ????? ?????? ??????? [ ???? ]

??? ??? ????????? ?????????? ???????. ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????. ???? ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ????????. ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????. ????? ?????????, 1898-??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????. ???? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ????????.

??????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ???????????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ??????. ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????????. ??????? ???? ?????????? ???? 135 ????????.

?????????? ????? ??????? [ ???? ]

?????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????. ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????. ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????. ????????? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????????.

???? ???????, ????????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????. ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????. ???? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ???????? ???? ??????????. ???? ??????? ??????????.

???????????? ?????????? [ ???? ]

???? ????????? ?????? 30 ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????. ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ?????????? ???????????? ’????????? ??????’. ??? ????????? ???? ’???????????? ??????’ ??????? ?????????.

???????? ????? ??????????, ????? ????? ?????????, ???????? ?????????????? ?????. ???????????, ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????????? ????????????? ?????????. ????????? ?????????? ????????. ??? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????. ??? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????????? ????????????. ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????????.

??? ???????? ???????? [ ???? ]

1912 ??? ????? ?????? ????????????. ????? ?????? ???? ?????????????? ????????. ???????????, ????????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ?????????. 1917-??? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????????? ????????????? ???????. ??????? ????? ???????? ??????? 1922-??? ?????????? ???????.

???????? 83 ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????. 1953-??? ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????????. ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????????????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????. ??????? 93???? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????. ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????. ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????.

?????? [ ???? ]

24 ???????? 1956-??? ???????? 101???? ?????? ????????????? ???? ?????????? ???.?????? ?????????. ?????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????????. ??????? ???????, ????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????????????? ???????????????? ?????????. ??????????? ??????????? , ?????? ???????? , ???????? , ????? , ?????? ???? , ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?? ??????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????????????.

????????? [ ???? ]

?????, ??????????? ??????????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ????????. ???????? ??? ???????????? ????????????? ‘???’ ??????. ?????? ?????? 1911??? ????? ?????????. ????????????, 1907??? ????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???????? ( Fellow of the Royal Society ) ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????????????. ^[8]

????? ??????? ??????????????????? ??????? ??????????????????? ????????? ???????? ??????. ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ???. ??????????? ???????????? ?????????. ?????? ?? ????????????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ??????????. ???? ?????? ?????????????? ????? ( Father of the Rubber industry ) ????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????. ?????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????????.

?????????? ???? ????? ??????? [ ???? ]

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??????????? [ ???? ]

↑ Henry Nicholas is known as 'the English botanist who was largely responsible for establishing the rubber industry in the Malay Peninsula'.
↑ He conducted experiments with Para rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) that convinced him of the enormous economic potential of rubber as a plantation crop.
↑ "Henry Nicholas Ridley a.k.a. Mad Rubber Ridley. The name Henry Nicholas Ridley will forever be associated with the Singapore Botanic Gardens, and with rubber" . Archived from the original on 2012-07-09 . ????????????? ???? 2012-01-04 .
↑ One of nine seedlings brought to malaya by Ridley is still standing tall in Kuala Kangsar, the royal town of Perak. The tree is located just outside the office of the Department of Lands And Mines (Federal). It was planted there in 1877 and is said to be one of the two oldest rubber trees in the country. ^{[
??????????? ???????
]}
↑ "Sir Henry Wickham is the man history credits with bringing rubber seeds from Amazonia to the Botanical Gardens at Kew in 1876" . Archived from the original on 2012-01-03 . ????????????? ???? 2012-01-05 .
↑ "In 1876, an English planter, Henry Wickham, collected 70,000 seeds and shipped them to England" . Archived from the original on 2012-01-12 . ????????????? ???? 2012-01-05 .
↑ "There are two rubber trees with Heritage Tree status: One is at Japanese Cemetery Park, Chuan Hoe Avenue 89 and another at the Singapore Botanic Gardens, behind the Green Pavilion" . Archived from the original on 2011-01-26 . ????????????? ???? 2012-01-05 .
↑ The Royal Society is a Fellowship of the world's most eminent scientists and is the oldest scientific academy in continuous existence.

[1] Henry Nicholas is known as 'the English botanist who was largely responsible for establishing the rubber industry in the Malay Peninsula'.

[2] He conducted experiments with Para rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) that convinced him of the enormous economic potential of rubber as a plantation crop.

[3] "Henry Nicholas Ridley a.k.a. Mad Rubber Ridley. The name Henry Nicholas Ridley will forever be associated with the Singapore Botanic Gardens, and with rubber" . Archived from the original on 2012-07-09 . ????????????? ???? 2012-01-04 .

[4] One of nine seedlings brought to malaya by Ridley is still standing tall in Kuala Kangsar, the royal town of Perak. The tree is located just outside the office of the Department of Lands And Mines (Federal). It was planted there in 1877 and is said to be one of the two oldest rubber trees in the country. ^{[
??????????? ???????
]}

[5] "Sir Henry Wickham is the man history credits with bringing rubber seeds from Amazonia to the Botanical Gardens at Kew in 1876" . Archived from the original on 2012-01-03 . ????????????? ???? 2012-01-05 .

[6] "In 1876, an English planter, Henry Wickham, collected 70,000 seeds and shipped them to England" . Archived from the original on 2012-01-12 . ????????????? ???? 2012-01-05 .

[7] "There are two rubber trees with Heritage Tree status: One is at Japanese Cemetery Park, Chuan Hoe Avenue 89 and another at the Singapore Botanic Gardens, behind the Green Pavilion" . Archived from the original on 2011-01-26 . ????????????? ???? 2012-01-05 .

[8] The Royal Society is a Fellowship of the world's most eminent scientists and is the oldest scientific academy in continuous existence.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]