Franklin D. Roosevelt
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Official campaign portrait, 1944
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In office
March 4, 1933 ? April 12, 1945
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Vice President
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Preceded by
| Herbert Hoover
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Succeeded by
| Harry S. Truman
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In office
January 1, 1929 ? December 31, 1932
|
Lieutenant
| Herbert H. Lehman
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Preceded by
| Al Smith
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Succeeded by
| Herbert H. Lehman
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In office
March 17, 1913 ? August 26, 1920
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President
| Woodrow Wilson
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Preceded by
| Beekman Winthrop
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Succeeded by
| Gordon Woodbury
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|
In office
January 1, 1911 ? March 17, 1913
|
Preceded by
| John F. Schlosser
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Succeeded by
| James E. Towner
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Born
| Franklin Delano Roosevelt
(
1882-01-30
)
January 30, 1882
Hyde Park, New York
, U.S.
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Died
| April 12, 1945
(1945-04-12)
(aged 63)
Warm Springs, Georgia
, U.S.
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Cause of death
| Cerebral hemorrhage
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Resting place
| Springwood Estate
Hyde Park, New York, U.S.
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Political party
| Democratic
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Height
| 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in)
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Spouse(s)
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Children
| 6
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Parents
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Relatives
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Education
| Harvard University
(
BA
)
Columbia University
(
JD
) (posthumous, 2008)
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Signature
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On the attack on Pearl Harbor and declaring war on Japan
Recorded December 8, 1941
|
Franklin Delano Roosevelt
(January 30, 1882 ? April 12, 1945) was the 32nd
president of the United States
from 1933 until his death in 1945. He served 12 years as
president
, dying shortly after beginning his 4th term, the longest ever spent in office. After his death, the
22nd Amendment
came into effect, limiting how long a person could be president. Before becoming president, he was
Governor of New York
from 1929 to 1932, Assistant
United States Secretary of the Navy
from 1913 to 1920 and a state senator from the state of
New York
.
His father
James Roosevelt I
and his mother Sara Delano were from rich old New York families that made money from
slavery
.
[1]
[2]
The Roosevelts were originally
Dutch
, and the Delanos were originally
French
.
[3]
Franklin was their only child. His father's grandmother, Mary Rebecca Aspinwall, was a first cousin of
Elizabeth Monroe
, wife of the fifth U.S. president,
James Monroe
.
One of his ancestors was John Lothropp, also an
ancestor
of
Benedict Arnold
and
Joseph Smith, Jr.
One of his distant
relatives
from his mother's side is the author
Laura Ingalls Wilder
. His maternal grandfather
Warren Delano II
, a descendant of
Mayflower
passengers Richard Warren, Isaac Allerton, Degory Priest, and
Francis Cooke
, during a period of twelve years in
China
made more than a million dollars in the tea trade in
Macau
,
Canton
, and
Hong Kong
, but upon coming back to the
United States
, he lost it all in the
Panic of 1857
.
In 1860, he came back to China and made a fortune in the notorious but highly profitable opium trade
[4]
supplying opium-based
medication
to the
U. S. War Department
during the
American Civil War
.
[5]
He is a 5th cousin and a nephew-in-law of another United States President
Theodore Roosevelt
. His 5th cousin, once removed was
Eleanor Roosevelt
, who was also his wife. Roosevelt once had an
affair
with his wife's
secretary
and later avoided seeing her to protect his
political
career.
[6]
Franklin Delano Roosevelt was born on January 30, 1882 in the
Hudson Valley
town of
Hyde Park
,
New York
.
[7]
[8]
When Roosevelt was five years old his father took him to visit
President
Grover Cleveland
. The president said to him: "My little man, I am making a strange wish for you. It is that you may never be President of the United States." Roosevelt became the longest-serving president in
American history
.
Roosevelt was the Assistant of the
United States Secretary of the Navy
under
Woodrow Wilson
. He was nominated the vice presidential candidate under
James M. Cox
in 1920. Cox and Roosevelt lost to
Warren Harding
and
Calvin Coolidge
.
In 1921, Roosevelt got sick with
poliomyelitis
, a disease that paralyzes people. He never walked again, but Roosevelt remained physically fit, becoming an avid swimmer. Roosevelt became a champion of medical research and treatment for crippling illnesses, but kept his illness as hidden as much as possible from the public, fearing discrimination. His disability did not limit his political career; Roosevelt was elected the
Governor of New York
in 1928. His wife,
Eleanor Roosevelt
helped his career by traveling and meeting people when Roosevelt could not. She became famous as his eyes and ears, meeting thousands of ordinary people and bringing their concerns to Roosevelt.
Roosevelt won the election against the unpopular incumbent (president at the time),
Herbert Hoover
and became president in early 1933.
He started a series of popular programs known as the
New Deal
to fight against the Great Depression. The New Deal gave people jobs building roads, bridges, dams, parks, schools, and other public services. Also, it created Social Security, made banks insure their customers, gave direct aid to the needy, and made many regulations to the economy. Because of this, he was re-elected in a large victory in 1936 and continued the New Deal. The United States did not fully recover from the Great Depression until it entered
World War II
.
In 1939, Roosevelt became the first President of the United States to appear on
television
.
[9]
Roosevelt was elected for a third term in 1940. He gave weapons and money to the Allies fighting in World War II as a part of the Lend-Lease program at this time, but the United States was still technically neutral in the war.
On December 7, 1941, Japan launched its attack on the
Pearl Harbor
military base in Hawaii. On December 8, the
United States Congress
declared war on the
Empire of Japan
. It was formulated an hour after the famous
Infamy Speech
by Roosevelt. After the declaration, Japan's allies, Germany and Italy, declared war on the United States. This brought the United States fully into World War II.
Roosevelt signed Executive Order 8802 on June 25, 1941, prohibiting companies and unions from discriminating on the basis of race or ethnicity. Although patchily implemented and only a wartime measure, this legislation laid the groundwork for the federal government supporting Civil Rights for African Americans.
The military used a
draft
to get people to fight in the war, but many people in
Puerto Rico
, a
colony
of the United States, did not want to fight because they felt the U.S. was treating them badly by
occupying
the island. The U.S. forced them to fight and to help pay for war supplies anyway.
[10]
Roosevelt also signed an order allowing
Japanese Americans to be sent to internment camps
against their will. While still president, he died on April 12, 1945. Vice President
Harry Truman
became president. World War II continued for almost four more months, but Allied victory was already assured.
For overcoming the difficult challenges of a severe depression and another world war, historians consider him to be one of the three best U.S. presidents. Indeed, his presidency has been said to have redefined the role of the presidency, inspiring Truman's Fair Deal, Kennedy's New Frontier, and Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society.
Section of speech with famous phrase. (168
KB
,
ogg
/
Vorbis
format).
- ↑
Blackman, Paul H.; McLaughlin, Vance (2004-11-01).
"Mass legal executions in America up to 1865"
.
Crime, Histoire & Societes / Crime, History & Societies
.
8
(Vol. 8, n°2): 33?61.
doi
:
10.4000/chs.460
.
ISSN
1422-0857
.
S2CID
159557574
.
- ↑
"Delano Family Papers, 1568-1919 | Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library & Museum"
.
www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu
. Retrieved
2020-10-27
.
- ↑
Black, Conrad
.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt: Champion of Freedom
, 2003,
ISBN
978-1-58648-282-4
: interpretive detailed biography
- ↑
Patrick D. Reagan,
Designing a New America: The Origins of New Deal Planning, 1890?1943
(2000) p. 29
- ↑
Smith, Jean Edward
FDR
, pp. 10-13, Random House, 2007
ISBN
978-1--4000-6121-1
- ↑
"Lucy Mercer - Top 10 Mistresses"
.
Time
.com. Archived from
the original
on 26 August 2013
. Retrieved
22 August
2013
.
- ↑
Davis, Kenneth S.
FDR: The Beckoning of Destiny, 1882?1928
(1972),
ISBN
978-0-399-10998-0
: popular biography
- ↑
Goodwin, Doris Kearns
.
No Ordinary Time: Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt: The Home Front in World War II
(1995),
ISBN
978-0-684-80448-4
: popular joint biography
- ↑
"Franklin D. Roosevelt becomes First President to Appear on TV"
. World History Project.org. Archived from
the original
on 3 September 2013
. Retrieved
22 August
2013
.
- ↑
Sakai, J. (1989).
"VIII. IMPERIALIST WAR & THE NEW AMERIKAN ORDER"
.
Settlers: The Mythology of the White Proletariat
. Morningstar Press.
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