| Bitka kod Crvenih stijena
|
| Segment ratova
Tri kraljevstva
|
Natpisi (najmanje hiljadu godina stari) na mjestu koje se dr?i popri?tem bitke, kraj suvremenog
Chibi Cityja
u provinciji
Hubei
.
|
| Datum
|
zima 208/9
|
| Lokacija
|
blizina rijeke
Yangtze
u
Kini
.
Precizna lokacija predmet rasprave.
|
| Ishod
|
odlu?na pobjeda Sun Quana i Liu Beija
|
|
| Sukobljene strane
|
Sun Quan
(Sun Chuan),
Liu Bei
(Liu Pei)
|
| Komandanti i vođe
|
Zhou Yu
(Chou Yu),
Cheng Pu
,
Liu Bei
|
Cao Cao
|
| Snage
|
| 50.000
|
800,000 (Cao Caove tvrdnje) to
220.000?240.000+ ( Zhou Yuove procjene)
[1]
[2]
)
|
| ?rtve i gubici
|
| nepoznati
|
nepoznati, iako zna?ajni
|
Bitka kod Crvenih stijena
, također poznata i kao
Bitka kod Chibija
, (
pojednostavljeni kineski
:
赤壁之?
;
tradicionalni kineski
:
赤壁之戰
;
pinyin
:
Chi bi zh? zhan
) se odigrala na rijeci
Yangtze
zimi 208/09.
[3]
između snaga sjevernog
kineskog
gospodara rata
Cao Caoa
na jednoj, i saveza ju?nih gospodara rata
Liu Beija
i
Sun Quana
na drugoj strani. Predstavljala je po anga?iranim snagama najve?i i po posljedicama najva?niji okr?aj u periodu
kraja dinastije Han
. Iako je Cao Cao raspolagao sa vi?e nego uvjerljivom broj?anom nadmo?i u ljudstvu, saveznici su mu, koriste?i superiorne pomorske vje?tine, nanijeli te?ak poraz i tako trajno zaustavili njegove poku?aje da ponovno ujedini Kinu pod svojom vla??u, koja se nakon toga permanentno podijelila na
Tri kraljevstva
Opisi same bitke se razlikuju u detaljima, a njena precizna lokacija je ve? vijekovima predmet rasprava među histori?arima (
de Crespigny 2004
:256
78n
), pri ?emu se kao najozbiljniji kandidati spominju ju?na obala Yangtzea, jugozapadno od dana?njeg
Wuhana
i sjeveroisto?no od
Baqiua
(suvremeni grad
Yueyang
u provinciji
Hunan
). Najdetaljniji opis bitke sadr?i biografija
Zhou Yua
iz 3. vijeka u
Zapisima Tri kraljevstva
(
Sanguo Zhi
). Bitka, zna?ajno romantizirana i "za?injena" fikcijom, predstavlja jedan od najva?nijih dijelova radnje znamenitog romana
Romansa Tri kraljevstva
. Zapadnoj javnosti je, pak, poznata i po prikazu u kineskom filmskom spektaklu
Crvena stijena
koga je 2008. re?irao
John Woo
.
- ↑
"「彼所將中國人不過十五六萬，且已久疲；所得表?亦極七八萬耳，?懷狐疑。」" Zhou Yu only included two groups of Cao Cao's forces in his estimation: According to the head of the Social Sciences Department of Institute of Ethnology & Anthropology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Di Yongjun (邸永君), the phrase "中國人" were referring to the troops from the capital and surrounding area. See
The origin of the word "中國"
and look at the line "指天子直接統治地區，?京畿。如諸葛亮曾對吳主孫權雲：“若能以吳越之?與中國抗衡，不如早與之?”。", which quotes Zhuge Liang's speech intended to persuade Sun to battle Cao. The other group was the newly surrendered Chu region navy.
- ↑
「諸人徒見操書言水步八十萬而各恐?，不復料其虛實」Most people's estimation was quite different to that of Zhou Yu, but the latter claimed the former "did not saw through Cao's exaggeration."
- ↑
"The engagement at the Red Cliffs took place in the winter of the thirteenth year of
Jian'an
, probably about the end of Western 208."(
de Crespigny 2004
:264)
- "11th century writer's statue erected in Hubei province".
Xinhua News Agency
, January 19, 1983. Retrieved on July 22, 2007
.
- Chen, Shou (c. 280).
Sanguo zhi (History of the Three Kingdoms)
. Reprint,1959. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju
.
- Fitzgerald, C.P. (1985).
Why China? Recollections of China 1923-1950
. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press
.
- de Crespigny
,
Rafe
(1969).
The Last of the Han: being the chronicle of the years 181-220 AD as recorded in chapters 58?68 of the
Tzu-chih t'ung-chien
of
Ssu-ma Kuang
. Canberra: Australian National University, Centre of Oriental Studies
.
- de Crespigny, Rafe (2004).
Generals of the South: The foundation and early history of the Three Kingdoms state of Wu
. Canberra: Australian National University
. Internet Edition.
- de Crespigny, Rafe (1996).
To Establish Peace: being the Chronicle of the Later Han dynasty for the years 189 to 220 AD
as recorded in Chapters 59 to 69 of the
Zizhi Tongjian
of
Sima Guang
. Canberra: Australian National University
. Internet Edition 2004.
- de Crespigny, Rafe (2003).
The Three Kingdoms and Western Jin A history of China in the Third Century AD
Internet edition.
- de Crespigny, Rafe (2007).
A biographical dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23?220 AD)
. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill
.
ISBN
978-90-04-15605-0
- Eikenberry, Karl W. (1994). The campaigns of Cao Cao.
Military Review
74.8:56?64
.
- The Military Documents Research Organization of the Wuhan Military District (1979).
Zhongguo Gudai Zhanzheng Yibaili
(One Hundred Battles of Ancient Chinese History). Wuhan: Hubei Province People's Publishing House
.
- Zhang, Xiugui (2006). Ancient "Red Cliff" battlefield: a historical-geographic study.
Frontiers of History in China
1.2:214?35
.
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113°37′13″E
/
29.86972°N 113.62028°E
/
29.86972; 113.62028
