??? ????? ?????

??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ’?? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ?????

?? ???? ??? ’?? ????, ???, ???, ?????, ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? 1600 ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? 17 ??? ??? 18 ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ?? 2015 ???? ???? ^[1] ??? ????? ????? 1757 ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? '?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???

?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????, ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? 1874 ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??, ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????, ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???

?????? [ ???? ]

??? [ ???? ]

????? ???????? ?? 1601 ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??

1588 ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????, ??? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ??-???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ^[2] ???? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ^[3] ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ^[4] ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? 10 ?????? 1591 ??? ????????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????? ??? '?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???-????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????, ?????? ?? 1594 ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ^[3]

???????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???, 13 ???? 1592 ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????, ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????, ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ^[5] ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????, ????, ????, ????? ?? ?????, ????????, ?????, ???????, ???? ????, ????, ???????, ?????, ???????? (?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??), ??? ???, ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ^[6] ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ???? (???? ?? ?????) ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???, ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ^[5]

1596 ???, ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???????, ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??, ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????, ???????????, ????? ?? ????, ???? ????????, ???? ??? ????-????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ^[7] ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ^[8]

????? [ ???? ]

↑ http://ftp.samaylive.com/gallery/photo-gallery/sanjiv-mehta-respected-owner-of-historic-east-india/631688/140461.html ^{[
permanent dead link
]}
↑ Desai, Tripta (1984). The East India Company: A Brief Survey from 1599 to 1857 . Kanak Publications. p. 3.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 "Early European Settlements". Imperial Gazetteer of India . II . 1908. p. 454.
↑ Wernham, R.B (1994). The Return of the Armadas: The Last Years of the Elizabethan Wars Against Spain 1595?1603 . Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 333 ?334. ISBN 978-0-19-820443-5 .
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 McCulloch, John Ramsay (1833). A Treatise on the Principles, Practice, & History of Commerce . Baldwin and Cradock. p. 120.
↑ Leinwand 2006 , pp. 125?127.
↑ 'Ralph Fitch: An Elizabethan Merchant in Chiang Mai; and 'Ralph Fitch's Account of Chiang Mai in 1586?1587' in: Forbes, Andrew, and Henley, David, Ancient Chiang Mai Volume 1. Chiang Mai, Cognoscenti Books, 2012.
↑ Prasad, Ram Chandra (1980). Early English Travellers in India: A Study in the Travel Literature of the Elizabethan and Jacobean Periods with Particular Reference to India . Motilal Banarsidass. p. 45. ISBN 9788120824652 .

[1] ttp://ftp.samaylive.com/gallery/photo-gallery/sanjiv-mehta-respected-owner-of-historic-east-india/631688/140461.html ^{[
permanent dead link
]}

[2] Desai, Tripta (1984). The East India Company: A Brief Survey from 1599 to 1857 . Kanak Publications. p. 3.

[igi-ii-p454-3] 3.0 ^3.1 "Early European Settlements". Imperial Gazetteer of India . II . 1908. p. 454.

[Wernham-4] Wernham, R.B (1994). The Return of the Armadas: The Last Years of the Elizabethan Wars Against Spain 1595?1603 . Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 333 ?334. ISBN 978-0-19-820443-5 .

[McCulloch-5] 5.0 ^5.1 McCulloch, John Ramsay (1833). A Treatise on the Principles, Practice, & History of Commerce . Baldwin and Cradock. p. 120.

[FOOTNOTELeinwand2006125–127-6] Leinwand 2006 , pp. 125?127.

[7] 'Ralph Fitch: An Elizabethan Merchant in Chiang Mai; and 'Ralph Fitch's Account of Chiang Mai in 1586?1587' in: Forbes, Andrew, and Henley, David, Ancient Chiang Mai Volume 1. Chiang Mai, Cognoscenti Books, 2012.

[8] Prasad, Ram Chandra (1980). Early English Travellers in India: A Study in the Travel Literature of the Elizabethan and Jacobean Periods with Particular Reference to India . Motilal Banarsidass. p. 45. ISBN 9788120824652 .

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