1990-?????? ????????

?????? ???????????? ? ?????????? ????????????

1990-??????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????: 90 | 91 | 92 | 93 | 94 | 95 | 96 | 97 | 98 | 99

?????????? ??????
????????? ????????? ??????????
2010-?????? ? 2000-?????? ? 1990-?????? ? 1980-?????? ? 1970-?????? ? 1960-?????? ? 1950-?????? ? 1940-?????? ? 1930-?????? ? 1920-?????? ? 1910-?????? ? 1900-?????? ? 1890-?????? ? 1880-?????? ? 1870-?????? ? 1860-?????? ? 1850-?????? ? 1840-?????? ? 1830-?????? ? 1820-?????? ? 1810-?????? ? 1800-?????? ? 1790-?????? ? 1780-?????? ? 1770-?????? ? 1760-?????? ? 1750-?????? ? 1740-?????? ? 1730-?????? ? 1720-?????? ? 1710-?????? ? 1700-?????? ? 1690-?????? ? 1680-?????? ? 1670-?????? ? 1660-?????? ? 1650-?????? ? 1640-?????? ? 1630-?????? ? 1620-?????? ? 1610-?????? ? 1600-?????? ? 1590-?????? ? 1580-?????? ? 1570-?????? ? 1560-?????? ? 1550-?????? ? 1540-?????? ? 1530-?????? ? 1520-?????? ? 1510-?????? ? 1500-?????? ? ??????? ???????
?????????? ??????? ???????? ???

?? ???????? ????????? ?????????? 1990-???? ?????? ????????? ????????. ?? ????????? ?????????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ????????? ??????. ????? 1980-??? ?????? ??????????? ?? 1990-??? ?????? ??????????. ???? ????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ???-???? , ??????? 1990-??????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????????. ????? , ??????????? ????-???-??????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?????, ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? , ????? ??????? ???????, ???-???-?????? ?? ???-??? ????? ????????.

?????, ?????? 1980-??? ??????, ???-?????? ????? ?????????? ??? 1990-????????, ?????, ???????????? ???? ????????????, ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????????, 1990-?????? ???? ????????????? ??? ????????? , ??????? [1] , ??????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ?????????. ??????????? ?????? ????? ???????????: 1980-??? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????????. ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ????????? [2] . ?? ???????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????. ???????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????. [3]

??? ?? ???????? ??????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???????????? ???? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ??????????? ???????????? ???? ?? 1990-??? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ????????.

1990-??????? ??????????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ???????????????? ?? ????????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????????. ????? ?????? Jane's Addiction , Dinosaur Jr ?? ??????? [4] ???? R.E.M. -?? ?????????? 1980-???? ?? 1990-???? ?????? ???????????? ????????????? ???????? ???? - R.E.M.-?? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? 1990-???? ??????????? ???? ???????? ???-??? ????????? ??????. [5]

Red Hot Chili Peppers ???? ???????????? ??????????, ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ??????? Blood Sugar Sex Magik ?????????. ???????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????. ???? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????, ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????????? Californication -?? ????????.

1990-??? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ??????: Alice In Chains , ??????? , The Offspring , Red Hot Chili Peppers , R.E.M. , Soundgarden , Live , Counting Crows , Rage Against the Machine , Goo Goo Dolls , Third Eye Blind , Green Day , Bush , The Smashing Pumpkins , ???? , Foo Fighters , Sublime , Hole , Cake , Blind Melon , Stone Temple Pilots , Blink-182 ?? Pearl Jam .

?????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]
??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????????? ????? 1990-??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????

???????????? ????? ??????, ??????? ???????????? ??????? 1990-??????? ????? ???????????? ??????. ?????? ?? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?? 1980-??????? ?????????. [6] ???????? ?? Pearl Jam -?? ????????? 1991 ????????? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ???????????. ?????, ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????. ???-???????? ????? ??????? ?????, ????????????? ?????? ???????????? ????-????? 20 ?????? ???????? ???????????“ . [7] 2000-???? ??????????? ?????? ???? 1990-???????? ????????????.

???????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????????, ????? ??? ???????. ???? Pearl Jam -?? ????????? ??????? Ten , ??????? ???????? ????????? Nevermind ???? ???? ???? ???????, ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????. 1992 ???? ????? ????????? ??? ???????? ????????, ????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? 200 -?? ????????? ??????. [8] Pearl Jam ??????????? ????? ??????? 1980-???? ?????? ????-??????? ???????.

1990-??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????. 1994 ???? ?????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?? Pearl Jam -?? ???????????, ???????? ????????????? ??? ????????? Ticketmaster ?????????, ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ???????. [9]

????-?????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]
Foo Fighters , 2007

???? ???????? ????????? (1994 ???? ?????????) ??????, ????? ????? ??????????? ????? Pearl Jam -?? ??????????, ???????? ????????????? ??? ????????? Ticketmaster ?????????, ??????? ?????????? ????. [9] ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????????? ????????, ???????? ????? ?????????? ????????. [10] ??????? ????-?????? ?????????? ????, ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ????????, ???????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????, ????????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????. [9]

1995 ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????????? ????? ????? Foo Fighters , ??????? ???? ???-? ??????????? ???-??? ??????? ?????????? ??????????. MTV -? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????? ???? ??????. [11]

???????? ?????, ?????????, Candlebox , ??? ?????????, ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????. ??????? ???????? ??? ?????????? Collective Soul , ???????????? ????????????? Silverchair , ???? ???????????? - Bush - ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????-??????? 1990-??????? ??????????? ???-??? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????. [12] [13]

???? ???? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

1990-??????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????, ??????? ???? ???? ????????????? ?? ????????? ?? ???????? ??????, ???????? ????????????? ??????? ????????????. Sonic Youth -??? ?? Pixies -?? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ???? ???? ??????????? ???????? ?????????. ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? Pavement ?? The Flaming Lips

??? ????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???? ?? ?????????? , ??????? Green Day

??? ????? ???-?? 1990-???????????? ????????. ??? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ???, ????? 1994 ???? ???? Green Day ??????? ??????? ?? ??????. ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????, ????????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ???????, ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ?????????????. ?????????????? ????????? Lookout! Records , Fat Wreck Chords ?? Epitaph Records ?????????? ???????? Blink-182 -?? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ??????.

??? ????? ??????????? ?????? 1990-??????? ??? ??????, ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? Green Day , ??????? ?? - blink-182 ?? The Offspring , ????????? ??????? ????????? ???????. Green Day -? ?????? Dookie (1994) ???-?? ??????? 10 ??????? ????? ????????, ???? ??????? ????????? ???? 15 ??????? ????? ???????. Dookie -? ????????? ?????? The Offspring -?? Smash , ??????? ????????? 14 ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ???? ?? ?????????? ??????? ????????. ???????, 1994 ???? ?????????? ?????? Weezer ??????? ????????? ?????? Weezer , ????? ??????? The Blue Album -?? ?????, ??????? ???????? 16-? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? MTV-?? ????????????? ??????????????. [14] Rancid ?????????? ????? ??????? Let's Go , ???? NOFX ' - ?????? Punk in Drublic . ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????. ???? ????????? Dookie ?? Smash ???????? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????. [15] ?? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????????. Bad Religion -?? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ???????????, ???? ??? ???? ???????? ????????????. 1999 ???? blink-182 -? ???? ?????????? ???? Enema of the State , ??????? 15 ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???????.

?????? 1990-??????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????, ??? 2000-??????? ?? 2010-??????? ?????????.

??? ?????? ?? ??????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

1990-??????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????, ??????? ??? Faith No More , Rage Against the Machine , 311 , Incubus ?? Cypress Hill ?????? ????? ?????????, ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????????? ???????, ?? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????????????. 1990-??????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????, ??????? ???????, ???????? ?? ???-????? ?????????? ?????????, ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ???????. Korn ?? Limp Bizkit ?????? ?????? ?????????? - ???????? 40, ???? ?????? - 30 ??????? ????? ??????. ???? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? Linkin Park ?? P.O.D. .

???? ?????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? 1980-???? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????. [16] 1990-??????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ??????, ????????? ???? ????????? ??????? Metallica (1991) ??????, ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ???????. ????????? ?????????? ?????? Megadeth -?? Countdown to Extinction -?? (1992) ?????????, ??????? ?????? ???????? 2-? ??????? [17] , Anthrax -??? ?? Slayer -?? ????????? 10-????? ????????, [18] ?? ??????????? ???????? Testament ?? Sepultura 100-?????? ????????. [19]

????????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? . 1990-??????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? Nine Inch Nails , Marilyn Manson , White Zombie , KMFDM , Ministry ?? Fear Factory .

???-???? ?? ?????????-?????????? ?????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

?????? ????????

?????????-?????????? ??????? ????????? ???????, ??????? 1970-??? ?????? ??? ???????, ????????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? Lilith Fair . ?? ???????? ?????????? 2002 ?????? ?????????, ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???-???????? ?????. ????????????? ????????????? ?????: ?????? ???????? , ???? ?????? , ????? ???-????? , ????? , ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? . ?? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????????? Jagged Little Pill ?? ????? ????? Sheryl Crow . [20]

1990-??? ?????? ?????????? ????????? (????????? ?????? ???? ??????? , ?????? ?????? , ????? ????? , ?????? ??????? , ????? ????? ????) ??????? ?????, ????????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ???????.

???? ????????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????????? ( Firehouse , Warrant , Extreme , Slaughter , Skid Row ????????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????, ?????? ?????????? 1992 ???? ?????? ????? ??????????? ????. ???????? Motley Crue ?? Poison 1989 ?? 1990 ???? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????. The Black Crowes ???????? 1990 ???? ?? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ???????, ??????? ???? ???????? ???-??-???? ??????????. 1990-??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????, ?????? ???? ?????????? ??????????? - Guns N' Roses , Van Halen , Def Leppard ?? ??????????, ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? , ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? . ????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???????, ??????? ????? ?????? Aerosmith , ??? ???? , ???????? ?? U2 . ????????????, ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????????.

??? ???? , ??? ?????? , ??????? ?? ??? ?????? 1990-??? ???????? ??????????? ????? ???, ???????? Rage Against the Machine , Korn , Limp Bizkit , Slipknot ?? Disturbed ???????????.

1990-???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ( The Mighty Mighty Bosstones , No Doubt ) ????????? ????. ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????. [21]

???? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???????? ????? , Backstreet Boys ???? 1990-???? ?????? ???-??? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????????.

??????????? R&B ?? ???????? ???? 1990-??????? ?????????????, ?????? 1999 ????????? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ??????.

1997-1999 ?????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ???-??? ?????????? ????? ???. ??? ??????????? Backstreet Boys , *NSYNC , 98 Degrees , ??????? , ???????? ??????? , ?????? ?????? , ??????? ?????? ?? Destiny's Child . ????? ?? ?? ???? ????????????? ??? ??????????? ???????. ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????? Y“ -??. ????????? ????? Spice Girls ????????? ??????????? ????? ?? The Beatles -?? ?????? ???-?? ??????????? ???-??? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ????. ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????, ????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ??????????. ????????? ?????, 1999 ???? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ???????? ?...Baby One More Time“ , ???? ???????? ??????? - ??????? ?Genie In A Bottle“ . ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????????? ???????????.

1990-???? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ????? ?????: ??????? , ?????? ???? , Backstreet Boys , Salt-n-Pepa , Groove Theory , Bell Biv Devoe , Jodeci , ?????? ????? , Tony! Toni! Tone! , Tara Kemp , 3T , Brownstone , ??????? , ???? ?????? , ????? , SWV , Aaliyah , ??? ????? , ?. ???? , TLC , ?????? , ?????? , ????? ???????? , ????? ?????? ?? ???? .

??????? ?????? Erotica ???????? 1992 ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ???-??? ????????? ???????. ????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ???? ?????? Hat Full of Stars . ???????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????, ?????? ??????????? ??? ???????????? ????????.

???????????? ??????????? ?????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

1990-???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?Vision of Love“ (1990), ?Love Takes Time“ (1990) ?? ????? ????????? ?All the Man That I Need“ (1990) ?? ?I Will Always Love You“ (1992) ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????. [22]

??????????? R&B [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???-??? ????????? R&B ?? ???????? ?????.

1990-??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???-????????? Vision of Love (1990) вф Love Takes Time (1990). ????? ?????? 1990-??????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? All the Man That I Need (1990) ?? I Will Always Love You (1992). [22] ??????. ?. ?????? ?????, ??? ????????? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? , ??????? 1980-??? ?? 1990-??? ?????? ????? ???????????? ???. [22] ????? ?Vision of Love“ ????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????. [22] 1990-??????? ?????????? Boyz II Men ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????????. ????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? - ?? ????????? 1991 ???? ??????? Dangerous , ??????? 32 ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ????????. [23] [24]

???????? ?? R&B -? ??????????? ?????? ?.?. ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????“ ????????. ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ?????: ????? ??????? , ???? ?? , ????? ????? , ?????? ???? , ?'?????? , ????? ???? , ????? ???????? , ????? , En Vogue , ???? ????????? , Boyz II Men , Dru Hill , ?????? ???????? , ?????? ???????? ?? ??-?? ?????? .

Boyz II Men-????? ????????????, Babyface ?? ??????? ????????????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ???-???? ??????????. ???????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ???-????? ??????????? ????, ??? ???????? ???????? ???-??? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????????. 1990-??????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???, ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????.

1990-??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? , ?????? ????, TLC , SWV ?? Boyz II Men ??????????? ??????????? R&B-? ?????????? ????????????. ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????, janet. (1993), ??????? Virgin Records -??? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????? ???, ????????? 10 ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????. [25] [26] Boyz II Men-?? ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? #1 ?????????? ??????. ??? ????? ??? Fantasy ?? One Sweet Day (?????? ?????????????) - ?????? ?? ??????????? ????? ????????? 100-????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????????. Boyz II Men-??, ????? ?? TLC-? ??????? ???????? ????????? II , Daydream ?? CrazySexyCool ?????????. ??????????? ??????? 10 ???????? ???? ????? ????????. TLC-? ??????? ??????? ?????. ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? R&B ??????????.

1990-??????? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? , ???????? ???-????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ?'?????? , ????? ???? , ????? ???? ?? Maxwell . ????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????????? R&B-?? ?? ???-???? ????? ?????? ???????. 1995 ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? R&B ??????????? . ???? ??????? ???????? ??? Boyz II Men, ??????? II . ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? TLC ( CrazySexyCool , 1996), ???? ???? ( Words , 1997), ????? ???? ( Baduizm , 1998) ?? ????? ???? ( The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill , 1999). 1999 ???? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????????. [27]

?????? ????? ????? Boyz II Men-???, One Sweet Day , ???????? 1995 ????, ????????? 100-????? ???????? 16 ?????? ??????. ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????. ????????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ????????? ????????.

???-???? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

?????? ???? ??? 1990-???? ?????? ???-???? ??????????? ???-??? ????????????

Dr. Dre -? 1992 ???? ?????? The Chronic ???? ??????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????. [28] ??????? Death Row Records ??????????, ???????? ????????? ???-???? 1990-???? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ???. ??????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? The Notorious B.I.G. -?. [29] 1990-??????? ??? ??????????? ???-???? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ???????????. [30] [31]

1998 ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????????? ?????? The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill , ??????? ??????? 200 -?? ???????? ??????. 1999 ???? ??? 10 ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ????? ???? (?? ?????????? ???-????? ???? ????????????????? ????? ??? ?????????? ???) ?? ????????? ??????? ????????? 19 ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????. [32]

1990-??????? ??? ??????????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?.?. ???????? ?????????“ ?? ????????“ ????? ???????. ?? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? Outkast , ????????? , ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? . [33] ????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????????, ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ??? The Notorious B.I.G. . ???????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????????. ???????, ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????????????? ?????? ???.

?????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

  1. ↑ http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/grunge-d2679
  2. ↑ http://www.allmusic.com/explore/style/euro-pop-d404
  3. ↑ [Country Rocks, Monday, 30 Mar. 1992 ? Time.com]
  4. ↑ Azerrad (1994), p. 160
  5. ↑ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. " American Alternative Rock/Post-Punk ". Allmusic . Retrieved 20 May 2006.
  6. ↑ Yarm, Mark (23 September 2011). ?Commentary: The roots of grunge run deep“ . CNN . ????????? ??????: 27 October 2011 .
  7. ↑ Charles, Jim; Charles, Cross (2003). [1] . Schirmer Trade Books, ??. 127, ??. 127. ISBN 978-0825672866 . ????????? ??????: 3 February 2012 .  
  8. ↑ Pearlman, Nina. "Black Days." Guitar World . December 2002.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 "Post-grunge" , Allmusic , retrieved 17 January 2010.
  10. ↑ M. Azerrad, Our Band Could Be Your Life: Scenes from the American Indie Underground, 1981?1991 , (Boston: Little Brown and Company, 2001), ISBN 0-316-78753-1 , pp. 452?3.
  11. ↑ V. Bogdanov, C. Woodstra and S. T. Erlewine, All Music Guide to Rock: the Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul (Backbeat Books, 3rd edn., 2002), p. 423.
  12. ↑ "Post-grunge" , Allmusic , retrieved 31 December 2009.
  13. ↑ V. Bogdanov, C. Woodstra and S. T. Erlewine, All Music Guide to Rock: the Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, and Soul (Milwaukee, Wisconsin: Backbeat Books, 3rd edn., 2002), ISBN 0-87930-653-X , pp. 1344?7.
  14. ↑ ???????????? ???? . ????????????? ???????????? ? 2009-06-14. ????????? ??????: 2012-04-02.
  15. ↑ Bestseller lists and Diamond Certification available at the RIAA website: http://www.riaa.com/gp/bestsellers/diamond.asp ???????????? 2007-05-16 ?????? Wayback Machine .
  16. ↑ Weinstein (1991), p. 21
  17. ↑ August 1992 Billboard 200, chart date: 1 August 1992
  18. ↑ June 1993 Billboard 200, chart date: 12 June 1993 ; October 1994 Billboard 200, chart date: 15 October 1994
  19. ↑ Billboard 200 Chart Position: Testament ? Ritual , chart date: 30 May 1992 ; Billboard 200 Chart Position: Sepultura ? Chaos A.D. , chart date: 6 November 1993
  20. ↑ Gordinier, Jeff (29 December 1995). ?1995 THE ENTERTAINERS/THE ROOKIES | Jagged Little Pill | Cover Story | News | Entertainment Weekly“ . ????????????? ???????????? ? 8 ????? 2009 . ????????? ??????: 17 March 2009 .
  21. ↑ Gulla, Bob (2006). The Greenwood Encycloepdia of Rock History, Volume Six . Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, ??. 47. ISBN 0-313-32981-8 .  
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 Ripani, Richard J. (2006), The New Blue Music: Changes in Rhythm & Blues, 1950?1999 , Univ. Press of Mississippi, pp. 130?155, 186?188, ISBN   1-57806-862-2
  23. ↑ ?Michael Jackson sulla sedia a rotelle“ . AffarItaliani.it . 11 July 2008. ????????????? ???????????? ? 16 ?????? 2009 . ????????? ??????: 10 May 2009 .
  24. ↑ Carter, Kelley L. (11 August 2008). ?New jack swing“ . Chicago Tribune . ????????????? ???????????? ? 16 ????????? 2008 . ????????? ??????: 21 August 2008 .
  25. ↑ Goldberg, M. (2 May 1991), "The Jacksons score big", Rolling Stone : 32, ISSN   0035791X
  26. ↑ Bickelhaupt, Susan; Dezell, Maureen (13 January 1996), "Room with a private view", The Boston Globe : 26
  27. ↑ Mayfield, Geoff (25 December 1999), "Totally '90s: Diary of a decade", Billboard 111 (112), ISSN   00062510
  28. ↑ McGee, Allan (3 January 2008). ?The missing link of hip-hop's golden age“ . The Guardian . London . ????????? ??????: 17 September 2011 .
  29. ↑ Caramanica, Jon (9 November 2009). ?MYTH No. 4: Biggie & Tupac Are Hip-Hop's Pillars“ . SPIN . ????????????? ???????????? ? 7 ????????? 2013 . ????????? ??????: 4 September 2011 .
  30. ↑ Batey, Angus (7 October 2010). ?The hip-hop heritage society“ . The Guardian . London . ????????? ??????: 8 November 2011 .
  31. ↑ Martinez, Michael (9 February 2011). ?The music dies for once popular 'Guitar Hero' video game“ . CNN . ????????????? ???????????? ? 11 ??????? 2011 . ????????? ??????: 27 November 2011 .
  32. ↑ Rolling Stone article: " Inside "The Miseducation of Lauryn Hill: page 1 ???????????? 2009-04-27 ?????? Wayback Machine . ."
  33. ↑ Reynolds, Simon (26 November 2009). ?Simon Reynolds's Notes on the noughties: When will hip-hop hurry up and die?“ . The Guardian . London . ????????? ??????: 25 August 2011 .

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