???? ????????, ???????????? ???????
????? ??????
(
808 × 973
???????, ???? ?????: 223 ?"?, ??? MIME?:
image/jpeg
)
?????
??????
Public domain
Public domain
false
false
|
|
This work is in the
public domain
because it was published in the United States between 1929 and 1963, and although there may or may not have been a copyright notice, the
copyright was not renewed
. For further explanation, see
Commons:Hirtle chart
and
the copyright renewal logs
. Note that it may still be copyrighted in jurisdictions that do not apply the
rule of the shorter term
for US works (depending on the date of the author's death), such as Canada (70 years
p.m.a.
), Mainland China (50 years p.m.a., not Hong Kong or Macao), Germany (70 years p.m.a.), Mexico (100 years p.m.a.), Switzerland (70 years p.m.a.), and other countries with individual treaties.
???????
?
Deutsch
?
English
?
espanol
?
francais
?
galego
?
italiano
?
日本語
?
韓國語
?
македонски
?
portugues
?
portugues do Brasil
?
русский
?
sicilianu
?
sloven??ina
?
укра?нська
?
??中文
?
繁體中文
?
+/?
|
|
Additional source information:
This is a publicity photo taken to promote a film actor. As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honthaner in
The Complete Film Production Handbook
, (Focal Press, 2001 p. 211.):
- "Publicity photos have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."
Nancy Wolff, includes a similar explanation:
- "There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them." (
The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook
By Nancy E. Wolff, Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.)
Film industry author Gerald Mast, in
Film Study and the Copyright Law
(1989) p. 87, writes:
- "According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the
Society for Cinema and Media Studies
writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference with cinema scholars and editors, that they "expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements. . . [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."
[1]
???? ????? ?????
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en.wikipedia
????????????? ???
El Matador
.
????? ????? ?????? ????
???
. ?? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ?-en.wikipedia.
- 2011-03-29 01:22
Connormah
809×1140× (65985 bytes)
{{Information |Article = Alfred Hitchcock |Description = Studio publicity photo of Alfred Hitchcock |Author = Studio publicity still |Date = |Source =[http://www.doctormacro.com/Images/Hitchcock,%20Alfred/Annex/Annex%20-%2
?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????
Studio-werbefoto von Alfred Hitchcock.
Студийная-рекламная фотография Альфреда Хичкока
Fotografia publicitaria d'estudi d'Alfred Hitchcock
Studio publicity photography from Alfred Hitchcock
Fotografia publicitaria de estudio de Alfred Hitchcock
?nh ch?p Alfred Hitchcock trong phong thu tr??c cong chung.
Alfred Hitchcock zine zuzendariaren argazkia
Alfred Hitchcock, foto pubblicitaria in studio
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| | ?973 × 808?
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(112 ?"?)
| Ratmanz
| Optimized
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| StackJack
| size
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| WikiPedant
| tweaks
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| | ?890 × 802?
(231 ?"?)
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| RGB mode, jpg compression, curves
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