??? ???

??? ???, 2012
????	23 ????? 1953 (?? 70) ??????? , ?????
?????	????? ?????
?????	??????????? ?????? ???????? , ?????????? ???????
?????	????? ???
????	??????-????
??? ????? 21 ??????? 2002 ? 17 ??????? 2003 (181 ????) ????? 15

????? (????) ??? (???? ?- 23 ????? 1953 ) ??? ???? ??? , ????? ? ??? ????? ?????? , ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? , ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? " ???? ????? ".

???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???, ???? ??? ???????, ???? ???? ?????? ????? ? ??????? . ???????, ??? ? ??????? ?????? ????? (???? ???? 1971). ???? ? ??? ???????? ? ????? 8200 . ??? ??? ???? ????? ? ????? ? ?????? ? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ? ???? ??? ??????? (LLm) ? ?????????? ??????? , ???? ? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ? ?????? . ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? " ???? ????? ", ^[1] ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? 1978 , ????????? ????? ????? "???? ?????", ???? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????.

?????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? 1975 . ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????. ?? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ? ????? . ???? 1977 ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????, ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????, ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? 1978 . ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????, ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????. ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? . ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?-400,000 ??????? 1982, ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? . ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ???? . ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????, ?-10 ??????? 1983 ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????????? .

????? ??????? ????? ?????, ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????. ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? 1993 . ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????, ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? 1996 . ??? ???? ????? 39 ?????? ?????? ?????, ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?-34 ?????? ????. ???? 1997 , ???? ? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????, ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???. ??? ???? ? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?-15, ????? 2002 ? 2003 .

?- 2009 ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?-18. ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????. ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? (?'???), ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ? ???? ??????? , ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ????, ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????. ?????? ?? ???? ??????, ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????. ?? ???? "?????? ????? - ???", ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????.

?????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ? ?????????? ?????? ???? 1978 , ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? , ??? ????? ? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??-???? . ???? ???? ???????, ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ? ?????????? ??????? ???? 1980 , ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ? ??? ???? . ?? ????? ??????, ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????, ??? ???? ???, ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????, ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????, ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????. ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? (???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ^[2] ), ??? ??? ?? ???, ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???, ??"? ????? ???.

??? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????:

• ??"? 200/83 ????? ??? ?. ?? ????? ??(3) 113 ? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????, ???? ?? ????? ?????, ????? ?? ????? ?????, ????? ??"? ??? ??????? ??????, ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????. ?????? ?????, ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ???????.
• ??"? 997/91 ???? ????? ???' ?' ????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???' - ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? (???? ???? ?????? ). ?????? ???? ??????, ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????, ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ^[3] .
• ??"? 92?1893 ??? ??? ?' ???? ?????? ??(4) 816 ? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? , ???????? ????? ????? ? ????????? . ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? .
• ??"? 2838/95 ???? ??????? ?' ?????? ??????? ????? ???' ?"? ??(1) 1 ? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????. ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???. (??????? ???? ???? ? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? .)
• ??"? 2557/05 ??? ???? ?' ????? ????? ?"? ??(1) 200 ? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????, ???? ?? ? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????. ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? , ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??????.

??? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???:

• ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????? . ?????? ? ??? ????? ?????? (?"? 740/86 ???? ??????? ?' ?????? ????? ??(2) 333.) ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? (?"? (?-?) 552/84 ?????? ????? ?' ???? ??????? ?"? ???"?(2) 347.) ???? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? "KZ ????? ???? KZ".
• ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ??? , ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????. ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???, ?????? ???????? ?? ????????.

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? 1982 ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??????, ^[4] ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ????, ??? ???. ??? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ???? (??? ?????? ???? 2011). ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????"?. ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????. ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? , ???????? ???? ??????? ??????, ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????. ??? ????? ???"? ?????, ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???"??? ? ????? ???? ???? 2017 , ^[5] ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? 2019 . ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????, ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????. ^[6] ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??????. ??? ???? 2004 ???? ??? ?? ????"? ?????. ??????? ????"? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????"? ??? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ????? , ?????? , ???? ? ???? . ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??"? 38 ? ?? ???? ????????. ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? (??????? ?????) ???? ????? ????, ?????? ????????? ????? ????????, ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????.

??????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ??????? ????? ?????, ??? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ??"? . ??? ??, ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? "?? ???? ??? ????" ?? ????? ??? ? ??? ?' .

????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ???, ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ??? (?????) ? ??? ??? , ^[7] ???? ?? ?? ????, ????? ???????? , ???? ? ??? ?? ???? ? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ??? ???? ????? (???? ????) ??? ??????: ???? (???????? ???????), ???? (???? ???) ???? (????? ??? ?????? ????? ????). ???? ????? ????: ??"? ??? ??? (???? ?- 2017 ), ??? ??????? ??? ??? (????? ????? ????? ????? ) ???? ???. ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ? ??????? .

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ???, ???? ?????: ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? , ???????, ???, 1996.

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ? ??????????

• ??? ??? , ???? ?????
• ??? ??? , ???? ???? ?????
• ????? ?????, ????? ???, ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? , ???? nrg ‏, 12 ?????? 2008
• ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? (1989) , ????? ???? ??????
• ??? ??? ??????? ???????? , ????? ???? ?????? , 16 ??????? 2013

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]