?????

????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? , ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? . ???? ???? 3 ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????, ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? , ??????? ? ??????? . ???? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????, ????, ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??. ^[1]

??? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ????? ?-92% ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???, ^[2] ?-95% ?????????? ??????? ?-74% ?????????? ??????? , ??????. ^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6] ?????, ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ????? ?-18% ?????????? ????? . ^[7]^[8]

???? ????, ??????? "???" ?"?????" ?????? ???? ???????, ?? ????? ??? ????? ???, ^[9] ?? ???? ???? 55 ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????.

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ????? ????? ? ??????????

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ Harding, Harry (1993). "The Concept of "greater China": Themes, Variations and Reservations". The China Quarterly . 136 (136): 660?86. doi : 10.1017/S030574100003229X . JSTOR 655587 .
^ CIA Factbook : "Han Chinese 91.6%" out of a reported population of 1,379 billion (July 2017 est.)
^ 中華民國國情簡介 [ROC Vital Information]. Executive Yuan (?Chinese (Taiwan)). 2016. ????? ?- ????? ?- 18 ??????? 2017 . ???? ?- 2016-08-23 . 臺灣住民以漢人?最大族群，約占總人口97% {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )
^ Executive Yuan, R.O.C. (2014). The Republic of China Yearbook 2014 (PDF) . p. 36. ISBN 978-986-04-2302-0 . ???? ?- 2016-06-11 .
^ Population By-Census 2016 , p. 47.
^ Statistics Singapore:
^ Zhang, Feng; Su, Bing; Zhang, Ya-ping; Jin, Li ( 22 ??????? 2007 ). "Genetic Studies of Human Diversity in East Asia" . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences . 362 (1482): 987?996. doi : 10.1098/rstb.2007.2028 . PMC 2435565 . PMID 17317646 . {{ cite journal }}: ( ???? )
^ Zhao, Yong-Bin; Zhang, Ye; Zhang, Quan-Chao; Li, Hong-Jie; Cui, Ying-Qiu; Xu, Zhi; Jin, Li; Zhou, Hui; Zhu, Hong (2015). "Ancient DNA Reveals That the Genetic Structure of the Northern Han Chinese Was Shaped Prior to three-thousand Years Ago" . PLOS One . 10 (5): e0125676. Bibcode : 2015PLoSO..1025676Z . doi : 10.1371/journal.pone.0125676 . PMC 4418768 . PMID 25938511 .
^ "Han". Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (Tenth ed.). Merriam-Webster. 1993.

[1] Harding, Harry (1993). "The Concept of "greater China": Themes, Variations and Reservations". The China Quarterly . 136 (136): 660?86. doi : 10.1017/S030574100003229X . JSTOR 655587 .

[ciastat-2] CIA Factbook : "Han Chinese 91.6%" out of a reported population of 1,379 billion (July 2017 est.)

[中華民國國情簡介2016-3] 中華民國國情簡介 [ROC Vital Information]. Executive Yuan (?Chinese (Taiwan)). 2016. ????? ?- ????? ?- 18 ??????? 2017 . ???? ?- 2016-08-23 . 臺灣住民以漢人?最大族群，約占總人口97% {{ cite web }}: ( ???? )

[Yearbook2014-4] Executive Yuan, R.O.C. (2014). The Republic of China Yearbook 2014 (PDF) . p. 36. ISBN 978-986-04-2302-0 . ???? ?- 2016-06-11 .

[5] Population By-Census 2016 , p. 47.

[Singapore_Census_2015-6] Statistics Singapore:

[zhang-7] Zhang, Feng; Su, Bing; Zhang, Ya-ping; Jin, Li ( 22 ??????? 2007 ). "Genetic Studies of Human Diversity in East Asia" . Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences . 362 (1482): 987?996. doi : 10.1098/rstb.2007.2028 . PMC 2435565 . PMID 17317646 . {{ cite journal }}: ( ???? )

[zhao-8] Zhao, Yong-Bin; Zhang, Ye; Zhang, Quan-Chao; Li, Hong-Jie; Cui, Ying-Qiu; Xu, Zhi; Jin, Li; Zhou, Hui; Zhu, Hong (2015). "Ancient DNA Reveals That the Genetic Structure of the Northern Han Chinese Was Shaped Prior to three-thousand Years Ago" . PLOS One . 10 (5): e0125676. Bibcode : 2015PLoSO..1025676Z . doi : 10.1371/journal.pone.0125676 . PMC 4418768 . PMID 25938511 .

[:0-9] "Han". Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (Tenth ed.). Merriam-Webster. 1993.

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